Abstract: Child and Adolescent Health (also known as School Health) is an important branch of Preventive Medicine and aims to protect and promote physical and mental health of children and adolescents. School Health development in China dates from the beginning of the twentieth century, and has made significant progress during the past century, covering the development and improvement of Child and Adolescent Health discipline, the perfection of School Health work system, and the establishment of student health monitoring system and disease control and prevention system. It has made a major contribution for health promotion of children and adolescents in China.