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Administrative Authorities: National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China
Sponsor: National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China
Editing Publishing: Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention
Established in: March 1997
Editor in Chief: Ye Dongqing(Anhui)
CN 34-1304/R ISSN 1674-3679
Core Journal of China
China Boutique Scientific and Technological Periodical
Articles in press have been peer-reviewed and accepted, which are not yet assigned to volumes /issues, but are citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI).
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2025, 29(9): 993-1005.
doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.09.001
Abstract
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Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the short-term association between weekly average air quality index (AQI) of air pollutants and weekly cumulative influenza cases across 48 countries/regions using a two-stage time-series analysis. Methods Data on air pollutant air quality index(AQI) and influenza surveillance from 48 countries/regions between 2014 and 2019 were analyzed. After adjusting for temperature, precipitation, seasonality, and national population density, the association between AQI and influenza cases was assessed. Country-specific time-series regression models were established in the first stage, followed by a meta-analysis stratified by continents and climate zones in the second stage to pool relative risks. Results Cumulative weekly influenza cases in 48 countries/regions was inversely associated with AQIs for temperature, precipitation and ozone (O3), and inversely associated with temperature, precipitation and ozone (O3) AQI and the fluctuation trends of AQI for fine particles (PM2.5), inhalable particles (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) were also roughly inversely proportional. In subgroup analyses, for each10-unit increase in pollutant AQI within a 1-week lag, PM2.5 increased the risk of influenza in North America (RR=1.010 4, 95% CI: 1.004 7-1.016 1) and the three combinations of tropical arid temperate (ABC) (RR=1.027 9, 95% CI: 1.005 6-1.050 6); PM10 increased the risk of influenza in the 3 combinations of tropical arid temperate (ABC) zones (RR=1.018 3, 95% CI: 1.003 7-1.033 1); O3 reduced the risk of influenza in Asia (RR=0.957 5, 95% CI: 0.917 1-0.999 7) and Europe (RR=0.887 0, 95% CI: 0.854 1-0.921 2), and reduced the risk of influenza epidemics in tropical (A), arid temperate cold zone 3 combination (ABC), temperate (C), and cold (D) zones by 4.25%, 7.79%, 12.12%, and 7.88%, respectively. Conclusions PM2.5 AQI and PM10 AQI may elevate influenza risks in Europe, Asia and their respective climate zones, while O3 AQI acts as a protective factor against influenza.
2025, 29(9): 1006-1012.
doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.09.002
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Objective To analyze the characteristics of changes in the death spectrum among the elderly population aged 60 years and older in China from 2000 to 2021, thereby providing references for optimizing the allocation of medical resources and promoting healthy aging. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 estimates, we calculated age-standardized mortality rates, age-specific mortality rates, proportion of mortality by disease, rankings of causes of death for diseases among the elderly population aged 60 years and older in China. An area map and Joinpoint regression analysis were employed to reflect the temporal changes in the death spectrum among the elderly population from 2000 to 2021. The average annual percent change (AAPC) and its 95% CI were used to quantify the overall changing trend. Results From 2000 to 2021, the overall age-standardized mortality rate for the elderly population aged 60 years and older in China decreased from 4 863.8 to 3 573.2 per 100 000 (AAPC=-1.5%, 95% CI: -1.9%-1.1%). Among them, enteric infections (AAPC=-6.9%, 95% CI: -7.1-6.7), other infectious diseases (AAPC=-3.8%, 95% CI: -4.3%-3.3%), neglected tropical diseases and malaria (AAPC=-4.6%, 95% CI: -5.0%-4.2%) showed the most significant declines (all P < 0.05). Conversely, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and sexually transmitted infections (AAPC=3.5%, 95% CI: 2.1%-5.1%) and neurological disorders (AAPC=0.8%, 95% CI: 0.6%-0.9%) exhibited an upward trend (all P < 0.05). Compared to 2000, the death spectrum of the elderly population in 2021 underwent significant changes. In 2021, the top five age-standardized mortality rate diseases were cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, chronic respiratory diseases, neurological disorders, as well as diabetes and kidney diseases. These diseases accounted for 47.2%, 21.7%, 13.2%, 6.0%, and 3.3%, respectively. In 2021, the age-standardized mortality rate for elderly males (4 195.5 per 100 000) was consistently higher than that for females (3 000.6 per 100 000), despite similarities in their overall death spectrum. With increasing age, the age-specific mortality rate among the elderly increased rapidly; among those aged 80 years and older, the mortality rate reached 13 583.3 per 100 000, and the death spectrum varied across different age groups within the elderly population. Conclusions Between 2000 and 2021, the death spectrum of the elderly population aged 60 years and older in China underwent substantial changes. Although there has been a decline in age-standardized mortality rates for cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, and chronic respiratory diseases, these conditions remain the most significant health threats to the current elderly population. In view of the changes in the mortality spectrum of the elderly population, relevant departments should adjust the disease prevention and control strategies in a timely manner, increase the prevention and control of the above-mentioned key diseases, and promote the realization of the strategic goal of healthy aging by strengthening disease screening and lifestyle interventions for high-risk groups.
2025, 29(9): 1013-1023.
doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.09.003
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Objective To evaluate frailty and the importance of its influencing factors in people aged 60 years and above in Nanjing. Methods The data were from the Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance in Nanjing during 2021-2023. A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling. A representative sample of residents aged ≥60 years was interviewed by face-to-face questionnaire survey, anthropometric measurements and laboratory examinations. The frailty index (FI) was constructed as the proportion of deficits in 30 variables to evaluate the frailty status of the population, and extreme gradient boosting model combined with ShaPley additive explanations method was used to analyze the importance of the sociodemographic and life behavior factors affecting the prevalence of frailty. Results A total of 22 475 subjects were included, with average age of (67.62±5.88) years. The overall weighted prevalence of frailty was 18.5%, and the median FI score was 0.176, which were both higher among women, ≥80 years old people, the divorced/separated/widowed and individuals with lower levels of education and income. In addition, smoking, drinking, unhealthy dietary behavior, low level of physical activity and sleep disorders were significantly associated with frailty and higher FI (all P < 0.001). The top five contributing factors were sleep quality, annual family income level, age, physical activity and smoking in elderly men, and sleep quality, age, physical activity, annual family income level and diet scores in elderly women. Conclusions The FI scores were observed higher in Nanjing's elderly (≥60 years), with unhealthy lifestyles, age, and low income being key risk factors. It highlights the need for targeted preventive approaches and support programs to promote physical, psychological and social health in elderly people.
2025, 29(9): 1024-1030.
doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.09.004
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Objective To analyze the impact of daily average temperature on the risk of non-accidental deaths among residents, to provide scientific basis for formulating targeted public health protection strategies. Methods A distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was applied to analyze the lag effects and cumulative lag effects of daily mean temperature on mortality, including deaths from non-accidental causes, circulatory system diseases, and respiratory system diseases, using daily mortality and meteorological data from Shijiazhuang City during 2019-2023. Results Shijiazhuang City showed a nonlinear association between daily mean temperature and mortality from nonaccidental deaths, circulatory diseases, and respiratory diseases. The lowest temperature threshold for the risk of non-accidental deaths and deaths from circulatory diseases was 12.0 ℃. The cumulative low-temperature effect of non accidental death (RR=2.144, 95% CI: 1.625-2.829) and death from circulatory system diseases (RR=2.083, 95% CI: 1.448-2.998) reached its peak after a lag of 0-21 days, and the cumulative high-temperature effect for non-accidental deaths (RR=1.282, 95% CI: 1.150-1.429) peaked at a lag of 0-3 days. The cumulative effect of high temperature on mortality from circulatory system diseases reaches its maximum value with a lag of 0-4 days (RR=1.416, 95% CI: 1.210-1.658). The difference in the risk of death from respiratory diseases under both cumulative cold and cumulative heat effects was not statistically significant (all P>0.05). Cold and heat effects affected the risk of death in both men and women, and those ≥65 years of age were more sensitive to cold and heat effects than those < 65 years of age. Conclusions The mortality rates for non-accidental deaths, cardiovascular disease deaths, and respiratory disease deaths among residents in Shijiazhuang are influenced by extreme temperatures, showing significant cumulative effects. The mortality risk for individuals aged ≥65 is higher than that for individuals aged < 65.
2025, 29(9): 1031-1038.
doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.09.005
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Objective Investigate the effect of co-exposure to multiple metals on the risk of dyslipidemia to inform the development of more precise public health strategies. Methods A total of 1 905 permanent residents aged 20-75 years were recruited using a convenience sampling method from two townships in Liuzhou, Guangxi, from 2015 to 2023. Data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, and biochemical indicators were collected through questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. The concentrations of 26 urinary metal elements were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multivariable unconditional logistic regression were used to identify key metals associated with dyslipidemia and to assess the effects of individual metal exposures.The Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model was used to evaluate the combined effects of urinary metal co-exposure, and the results were validated and ranked using quantile g-computation (Qgcomp). Results Zinc (Zn), titanium (Ti), uranium (U), lead (Pb), and barium (Ba) were identified as key metals associated with dyslipidemia. A multivariable unconditional logistic regression model indicated that Zn and Pb were positively associated with an increased risk of dyslipidemia. At the third quartile concentration, Zn was associated with a 76% increase in risk (OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.36-2.29), and Pb with a 29% increase (OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.01-1.66), compared to the first quartile. The BKMR model revealed a synergistic effect of metal mixtures on dyslipidemia risk, with Zn showing a strong positive association and Ti showing a negative association. Qgcomp results validated the BKMR findings, identifying Ti (100.0%) as the only metal with a negative weight, while Zn (58.2%), Pb (25.1%), U (13.3%), and Ba (3.4%) exhibit positive weights in descending order. Conclusions Combined exposure to Zn, Ti, U, Pb, and Ba was significantly associated with dyslipidemia risk. Low-level Ti and high-level Zn exposure may be important risk factors for dyslipidemia.
2025, 29(9): 1039-1047.
doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.09.006
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Objective This study investigated the mediating role of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the relationship between oxidative balance score (OBS) and cognitive function in older adults, aiming to elucidate the potential mechanisms through which antioxidant-rich diets and healthy lifestyles may influence cognitive performance via HbA1c regulation. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for developing cognitive health intervention strategies targeting glycemic control. Methods Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to analyze this study, which included a total of 1 153 participants. The associations and dose-response relationships between OBS, HbA1c levels, and cognitive function were assessed using logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models, and the mediating effect of HbA1c level between OBS and cognitive function was analyzed using inverse probability-weighted marginal structural models. Results High OBS was a protective factor for cognitive function, whereas high HbA1c level was a risk factor for cognitive function. RCS showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship between OBS and the risk of overall cognitive function decline (Pnonlinear < 0.001). Mediation analysis show that the association between OBS and cognitive function decline was partially mediated by HbA1c. HbA1c levels were associated with a greater risk of cognitive function decline in overall cognitive function (OR=0.985, 95% CI: 0.975-0.996), DRT (OR=0.989, 95% CI: 0.981-0.999), and DSST (OR=0.984, 95% CI: 0.974-0.996) had a mediating proportions in 17.6%, 15.5%, and 23.9%, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that the association of HbA1c between OBS and cognitive function was more significant in the male population. Conclusions The association between OBS and cognitive function was partially mediated by HbA1c and there were gender differences, it suggests that improving diet be an important strategy to prevent cognitive decline.
2025, 29(9): 1048-1053.
doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.09.007
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Objective This study aimed to explore the effects of compound heat and precipitation extremes (CHPEs) on the mortality risk among the elderly, and to provide a basis for reducing the mortality risk of the elderly and improving the climate adaptation level of the elderly. Methods Based on the data of China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey from 2008 to 2018, the Cox proportional-hazards model was used to analyze the impact of CHPEs on the risk of death in the elderly, and to explore the interaction of CHPEs with both sick care and community service. Results CHPEs increased the risk of death among the elderly (HR=1.136, 95% CI: 1.120-1.152); CHPEs had a greater impact on the mortality risk of the elderly in the south (HR==1.242, 95% CI: 1.218-1.266), poor self-rated health (HR=1.247, 95% CI: 1.208-1.287), poor quality of life (HR=1.202, 95% CI: 1.170-1.236), no economic support (HR=1.216, 95% CI: 1.183-1.250), no social insurance (HR=1.156, 95% CI: 1.138-1.174), no pension (HR=1.203, 95% CI: 1.183-1.223), no regular participation in social activities (HR=1.223, 95% CI: 1.199-1.247) and no physical examination (HR=1.219, 95% CI: 1.187-1.252) (all P < 0.05). CHPEs have a multiplicative interaction with sick care and community service (all P < 0.05). For the overall population, there was an additive interaction between CHPEs and sick care. Further analysis reveals that this additive interaction also exists for both women and for elderly people living in rural areas. Conclusions CHPEs significantly increase the risk of death among the elderly, especially for those living in the south, with poor self-rated health, poor quality of life, no economic support, no social insurance, no pension, and no regular participation in social activities and no physical examination. Sick care and community services can alleviate the risk of death caused by CHPEs to the elderly. Targeted early warning systems for high-risk groups and community protection linkage mechanisms should be established to improve their ability to adapt to extreme climates.
2025, 29(9): 1054-1062.
doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.09.008
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Objective This study aimed to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and changing trends of newly reported human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - infected individuals and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients (simply called HIV/AIDS) in Liuzhou City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2005 to 2023, so as to provide references for the AIDS prevention and control work in Liuzhou. Methods Based on the number of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Liuzhou from 2005 to 2023, the Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the temporal trend, the global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to explore the spatial aggregation of HIV/AIDS epidemic in Liuzhou, and the SaTScan software was used for spatial and temporal scanning analysis, and ArcGIS 10.8 software was used to visualize the results, divide the period from 2005 to 2023 into different research stages based on annual percentage change (APC) and turning points for processing. Results Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the new detection rate of HIV/AIDS in Liuzhou presented a monotonically increasing trend from 2005 to 2011 (APC=10.17%, P=0.026) and a monotonically decreasing trend from 2020 to 2023 (APC=-8.51%, P=0.027). During the study period, the proportion of infected persons aged 55 and above increased from 49.7% to 63.92%, and the proportion of heterosexual transmission rose from 66.27% to 87.27%. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that there was a significant positive global spatial correlation in the distribution of cases, with the global Moran's I ranging from 0.212 to 0.379 (all P < 0.001). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that from 2005 to 2011 the high-high clusters and hotspots were concentrated in towns such as Zhongdu Town and Luzhai Town in eastern Liuzhou from 2021 to 2023 they shifted to western towns such as Chengtuan Town and Baipeng Town. Spatiotemporal scanning identified 5 significant clusters, which showed certain aggregation in both time and space (all P < 0.05). Conclusions The HIV/AIDS epidemic in Liuzhou City shows the spatiotemporal dynamic characteristic of "migration from the eastern region to the central and western regions". The elderly population and heterosexual transmission are the key focuses of prevention and control. It is suggested to strengthen surveillance in key areas and formulate intervention strategies in combination with demographic characteristics.
2025, 29(9): 1063-1070.
doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.09.009
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Objective To analyze the current state of master of public health (MPH) training models and the factors influencing job competency, and to explore effective pathways for cultivating high-level, applied public health professionals. Methods An electronic questionnaire was used to conduct a convenience sample survey among MPH graduates, full-time faculty, and practical base mentors. The questionnaire covered aspects such as curriculum design, practical content and effectiveness, and job competence. Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between the practical training system and the enhancement of MPH competencies. Results A total of 329 MPH graduates, 168 full-time faculty members, and 80 practice base mentors from 27 universities were surveyed. The proportion of full-time faculty members who believe that training is "theory-heavy and practice-light" is 33.93%, and 44.38% of MPH graduates hold the same view. Compared to practice base mentors, MPH graduates rated the practical content and training effectiveness lower (all P < 0.05). The formulation of practice plans, organization of practice training, practice duration, and communication frequency with off-campus mentors were significantly positively associated with the enhancement of MPH students' practical abilities and job competency (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Optimizing course structures, improving the quality of practical education, increasing training duration, and enhancing the mentorship system are important pathways for enhancing the practical abilities and job competency of MPH students.
2025, 29(9): 1071-1079.
doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.09.010
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Objective To develop a risk stratification model for cancer recurrence and metastasis, providing decision support for clinical precision diagnosis and treatment. Methods A pan-cancer cohort was constructed using multi-center data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The DeepMeta model was developed through a multi-stage computational framework: extracting latent omics features via autoencoder pre-training, enabling cross-cancer knowledge transfer through transfer learning, identifying distinct risk subtypes using unsupervised Gaussian mixture model clustering, and constructing an optimized supervised classifier with extreme gradient boosting. Model performance was evaluated using the concordance index (C-index) and Log-rank test, while biological mechanisms were elucidated through SHAP analysis and gene enrichment analysis. Results The DeepMeta model effectively stratified risk subtypes in 28/31 cancer types (C-index: 0.58-0.91) when using combined RNA+miRNA multi-omics analysis, and in 26 cancers (C-index: 0.52-0.91) with RNA single-omics analysis. The model outperformed both non-pre-trained and traditional baseline models. In external validation using GEO data, the C-index reached 0.85 for hepatocellular carcinoma and 0.90 for breast cancer, with Log-rank test results further confirming the model's risk stratification capability. The study identified 76 pan-cancer key genes that segregated into two distinct functional modules: Cluster Ⅰ (mechanical signal transduction and cellular stress response) and Cluster Ⅱ (extracellular matrix remodeling and cell adhesion pathways). This functional characterization provides biological validation of the model's reliability. Conclusions The DeepMeta model demonstrates strong performance in stratifying cancer recurrence and metastasis risk, offering a powerful tool for identifying key therapeutic targets in cancer progression.
2025, 29(9): 1080-1087.
doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.09.011
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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common medical complication of pregnancy, closely associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, and its incidence is increasing rapidly. Animal experiments and epidemiological studies suggest a strong association between exposure to emerging contaminants during pregnancy and the occurrence of GDM. However, the pathogenic mechanisms linking emerging contaminants to GDM remain unclear, making this a prominent topic in current research. Emerging contaminants associated with GDM include per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, bisphenols, phthalates, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and alkyl phenols. This review summarizes the epidemiological evidence and potential mechanisms underlying the association between these emerging contaminants and GDM, aiming to provide insights for future mechanistic research and the prevention and control of emerging contaminants.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common medical complication of pregnancy, closely associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, and its incidence is increasing rapidly. Animal experiments and epidemiological studies suggest a strong association between exposure to emerging contaminants during pregnancy and the occurrence of GDM. However, the pathogenic mechanisms linking emerging contaminants to GDM remain unclear, making this a prominent topic in current research. Emerging contaminants associated with GDM include per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, bisphenols, phthalates, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and alkyl phenols. This review summarizes the epidemiological evidence and potential mechanisms underlying the association between these emerging contaminants and GDM, aiming to provide insights for future mechanistic research and the prevention and control of emerging contaminants.
2025, 29(9): 1088-1095.
doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.09.012
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Objective To analyze the relationship between urinary sodium and potassium levels and blood pressure among adults in three Chinese provinces. Methods From 2022 to 2023, a multistage random sampling approach was utilized to enroll residents aged 18-69 in Heilongjiang, Guizhou, and Guangdong provinces. SAS 9.4 software was used to analyze the relationship between sodium and potassium levels and blood pressure in 24-hour urine and spot urine using logistic regression and linear regression models. Results A total of 1 424 subjects were included in the study, among whom 500 (35.11%) had hypertension. The results of the correlation analysis between 24-hour urinary sodium and potassium levels and blood pressure indicated that compared to the first quartile (Q1) of urinary sodium, the risk of hypertension significantly increased in the second (Q2), third (Q3), and fourth (Q4) quartiles, with odds ratios (OR) of 1.553 (95% CI: 1.061-2.271), 1.560 (95% CI: 1.079-2.256), and 1.608 (95% CI: 1.108-2.333), respectively. The analysis of spot urine sodium and potassium levels showed that compared to the lowest quartile (Q1) of urinary potassium, the Q4 quartile exhibited a reduced risk of hypertension, with an OR of 0.633 (95% CI: 0.436-0.918). When compared to the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio Q1 group, the Q3 and Q4 quartiles indicated an increased risk of hypertension with OR values of 1.463 (95% CI: 1.011-2.117) and 1.485 (95% CI: 1.027-2.147), respectively. In terms of standard deviation of blood pressure, the Q3 and Q4 groups compared to the Q1 quartile for urinary potassium exhibited decreases of 2.379 mmHg (95% CI: -4.664 mmHg-0.094 mmHg) and 3.137 mmHg (95% CI: -5.467 mmHg-0.807 mmHg), respectively. Conversely, Q3 and Q4 quartiles compared to the Q1 quartile of the urinary sodium-to-potassium ratio showed increases in SDP of 2.867 mmHg (95% CI: 0.544 mmHg-5.190 mmHg) and 3.256 mmHg (95% CI: 0.943 mmHg-5.568 mmHg), respectively. Conclusions There is a correlation between urinary sodium and potassium levels and blood pressure, which also supports the feasibility of using the urine sodium-to-potassium ratio to assess the risk of hypertension.
2025, 29(9): 1096-1103.
doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.09.013
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Objective To analyse serum non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR), plasma atherogenic index (AIP) and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Methods A total of 25 377 participants without CKD from the Jinchang Cohort matched at baseline and follow-up were enrolled for the study. Cox proportional risk regression model and restricted cubic spline method were used to estimate the relationship between NHHR and AIP on the risk and dose response of CKD, and subgroup analyses were performed. Receiver operating characteristic curve and area under the curve (AUC) were conducted to evaluate the predictive ability on the risk of CKD. Results After an average follow-up period of 4.77 years, 1 213 new cases of CKD were identified, and the incidence density is 10.03/1 000 person-years. After adjusting for confounders, the HRs of NHHR and AIP in the Q4 population were 1.270 (95% CI: 1.066-1.512) and 1.294 (95% CI: 1.081-1.548), respectively, compared with the Q1 group, and all had dose-response relationship (all P < 0.05). The AUCs of NHHR and AIP for the prediction of CKD were 0.750 (95% CI: 0.736-0.764) and 0.735 (95% CI: 0.721-0.749), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed interactions between smoking and diabetes with NHHR, and diabetes with AIP (all P < 0.05). Conclusions NHHR and AIP are independent risk factors for the development of CKD and have some predictive power with regard to the risk of CKD.
2025, 29(9): 1104-1112.
doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.09.014
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatio-temporal distribution of other infectious diarrhea in Yunnan province from 2014 to 2023, and provide evidence for other infectious diarrhea prevention and control. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to study the data of other infectious diarrhea. GeoDa 1.6.7 and SaTScan 9.5 softwares were used for spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatio-temporal scan. Results The average annual incidence in Yunnan Province was 72.41 per 100 000 from 2014 to 2023 (χ2=31 945, P < 0.001). The cases were mainly children under the age of ten (79.66%) (χ2=275 627, P < 0.001), and the incidence in males (39.97 per 100 000) was higher than that in females (32.29 per 100 000) (Z=0.831, P=0.406). The positive rate of rotavirus (91.18%) was the highest among infections. Spatial autocorrelation existed at the county (district) level (Moran's I > 0, P < 0.05). The epidemic regions were mainly in Kunming, Chuxiong, Yuxi, Honghe, and the period of aggregation gradually changed from July to December and from March to August. The cluster areas of class I were found in the central regions of the province such as Kunming, Yuxi and Honghe Prefecture. Conclusions There is a distinct spatio-temporal distribution of the other infectious diarrhea in Yunnan. The other infectious diarrhea prevention and control measure should be strengthened in the central area of Yunnan.
2025, 29(9): 1113-1116.
doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.09.015
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy cases in Wuhu City from 2010 to 2023, and provide references for subsequent prevention and control. Methods Information was collected through the Leprosy Management Information System in China, annual reports, and quarterly reports. The age, gender, temporal distribution, and regional distribution were collected by new and recurrent leprosy cases in Wuhu City from 2010 to 2023. The epidemiological characteristics were analyzed by the χ2 test or Fisher's exact test. Results From 2010 to 2023, a total of 28 new cases and 7 relapsed cases were reported in Wuhu City. The incidence and prevalence of each year showed a fluctuating pattern, with an overall downward trend. Fisher's exact probability test showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence among different age groups (all P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence rate between males and females (χ2=4.218, P=0.040). Conclusions Leprosy in Wuhu City is at a low level of prevalence, but sporadic cases still exist. The average delay period of cases is relatively long, and the proportion of grade 2 disability is relatively high. It is necessary to continuously strengthen case detection, timely treatment.
