Analysis of the prevalence and influential factors for overweight and obesity of ninth grade students in China
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摘要:
目的 分析我国九年级学生超重及肥胖情况，探讨影响学生肥胖的因素。 方法 从2016年中国教育追踪调查中选取符合条件的九年级学生作为研究对象，共5 967人。采用χ2检验比较不同特征学生超重/肥胖率差异，并利用Logistic回归模型分析影响其肥胖的因素。 结果 九年级学生的超重及肥胖患病率为15.23%，男生和女生分别为18.55%和11.84%。Logistic回归模型分析显示男生与女生的肥胖影响因素相差较大，男生主要为独生子女、寄宿、父母均肥胖、接受健康教育课程、有室内体育馆以及电子设备使用，而女生为寄宿、父母均肥胖以及体育运动。 结论 学校应通过合理安排寄宿生作息，根据男生、女生特点开设健康教育课程，同时结合家庭根据男生、女生行为特征控制学生电子设备使用以及摄入食物的营养均衡，对学生进行肥胖预防。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Chinese ninth grade students and to analyze the influential factors that contribute to this situation. Methods A total of 5 967 students were selected from the 2016 China Education Panel Survey. Chi-square test was used to examine the differences in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among different groups and Logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors affecting obesity in boys and girls. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 15.23%, 18.55% and 11.84% in total, male and female ninth grade students respectively. The multiple Logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk factors between boys and girls were significantly different. The main factors affecting boys obesity rate were one-child, boarding, both parents obesity, taking health education courses, having indoor stadium and screen time. Meanwhile, for girls the factors were boarding, both parents obesity and sports time. Conclusions Schools should arrange the schedule of boarding students and offer health education courses based on the characteristics of boys and girls. Meanwhile schools should unite parents to control adolescents' screen time and nutrition balance, which is benefit for preventing adolescents overweight and obesity. -
Key words:
- Ninth grade students /
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Boarding /
- Health education course /
- gender
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表 1 不同特征九年级学生超重及肥胖率的比较
Table 1. Comparison on overweight and obesity prevalence rate by different characteristics
特征 调查人数(人) 超重率(%) 肥胖率(%) χ2值 P值 地区 27.30 ＜0.001 东部省区 3 229 10.44 7.03 中部省区 1 291 6.74 6.12 西部省区 1 447 7.39 4.98 性别 52.02 ＜0.001 男 3 019 11.10 7.45 女 2 948 6.65 5.19 是否为独生子女 30.34 ＜0.001 非独生子女 3 114 6.78 6.01 独生子女 2 853 11.22 6.69 寄宿情况 43.99 ＜0.001 非寄宿 4 339 10.12 7.01 寄宿 1 628 5.65 4.55 父母肥胖情况 105.31 ＜0.001 均不肥胖 2 595 5.55 4.82 一方肥胖 2 594 11.14 6.28 双方肥胖 778 12.60 11.57 母亲受教育年限 14.44 ＜0.001 平均教育年以下 3 537 7.52 6.25 平均教育年以上 2 430 10.91 6.46 父亲受教育年限 10.50 ＜0.001 平均教育年以下 3 235 7.45 6.40 平均教育年以上 2 732 10.61 6.26 家庭年收入(万) 6.93 0.074 ≤2 1 518 6.65 7.51 2~ 1 470 8.30 5.99 5~ 1 768 9.79 5.66 10~ 1 211 11.15 6.28 健康教育课程接受情况 15.50 ＜0.001 未接受过 1 476 10.70 7.72 接受过 4 491 8.31 5.88 室内体育馆配置情况 0.43 0.510 无室内体育馆 4 301 8.49 6.56 有室内体育馆 1 666 9.96 5.76 
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表 2 肥胖影响因素的多因素Logistic回归模型分析
Table 2. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis on risk factors of obesity
变量 总体学生a 男生a 女生a OR(95%CI)值 P值 OR(95%CI)值 P值 OR(95%CI)值 P值 个人特征 性别 男 1.00 女 0.58(0.49~0.67) < 0.001 是否为独生子女 非独生子女 1.00 1.00 1.00 独生子女 1.24(1.04~1.47) 0.016 1.33(1.07~1.67) 0.012 1.14(0.86~1.51) 0.375 寄宿情况 非寄宿 1.00 1.00 1.00 寄宿 0.65(0.53~0.80) < 0.001 0.58(0.44~0.77) < 0.001 0.74(0.54~1.02) 0.066 家庭特征 父母肥胖情况 均不肥胖 1.00 1.00 1.00 一方肥胖 1.67(1.41~1.98) < 0.001 1.66(1.33~2.07) < 0.001 1.71(1.31~2.24) < 0.001 双方肥胖 2.69(2.17~3.35) < 0.001 2.77(2.07~3.71) < 0.001 2.83(2.03~3.96) < 0.001 母亲受教育年限 1.04(1.01~1.07) 0.013 1.06(1.02~1.11) 0.003 1.00(0.95~1.05) 0.963 父亲受教育年限 0.98(0.95~1.01) 0.244 1.00(0.96~1.04) 0.832 0.96(0.91~1.01) 0.127 家庭年收入(万) ≤2 1.00 1.00 1.00 2~ 0.86(0.69~1.07) 0.177 0.99(0.73~1.34) 0.952 0.70(0.49~0.98) 0.039 5~ 0.84(0.67~1.05) 0.123 0.83(0.62~1.13) 0.247 0.89(0.63~1.25) 0.505 10~ 0.99(0.77~1.27) 0.931 1.06(0.76~1.49) 0.714 0.93(0.62~1.39) 0.725 学校特征 健康教育课程接受情况 未接受过 1.00 1.00 1.00 接受过 0.81(0.69~0.96) 0.017 0.75(0.61~0.94) 0.012 0.96(0.73~1.27) 0.793 室内体育馆配置情况 无室内体育馆 1.00 1.00 1.00 有室内体育馆 0.89(0.75~1.07) 0.220 0.82(0.81~1.04) 0.096 1.02(0.76~1.36) 0.901 行为特征 体育运动时间 0.98(0.89~1.09) 0.729 0.92(0.81~1.04) 0.194 1.17(0.97~1.40) 0.092 电子设备使用时间 1.05(1.00~1.10) 0.058 1.07(1.00~1.13) 0.036 1.02(0.94~1.00) 0.663 注：a3个模型均控制地区(东部地区=1，中部地区=2，西部地区=3)。
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