新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间居民使用口罩和消毒产品的影响因素

周金华; 李晓宁; 伍浩颖; 刘杰; 耿宏源; 张岩; 李永贤; 曾锦衡; 贺征; 刘远

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.07.019

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间居民使用口罩和消毒产品的影响因素

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.07.019

周金华¹,
李晓宁²,
伍浩颖²,
刘杰²,
耿宏源³,
张岩⁴,
李永贤⁵,
曾锦衡⁶,
贺征²,
刘远^7, ,

1.
510440 广州, 广州市疾病预防控制中心环境卫生部
510440 广州, 广州市疾病预防控制中心消毒杀虫部
510440 广州, 广州市疾病预防控制中心12320热线管理部
510440 广州, 广州市疾病预防控制中心毒理与生化检验部
510440 广州, 广州市疾病预防控制中心人事部
510440 广州, 广州市疾病预防控制中心食源性疾病与食品安全风险监测部
广州市疾病预防控制中心业务管理部

详细信息

通讯作者:
刘远, E-mail:736174712@qq.com

中图分类号: R187
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-05-20
- 修回日期: 2020-06-08
- 刊出日期: 2020-07-28

Analysis of the use of masks and disinfection products and their influencing factors during the outbreak of COVID-19

1.
Department of Environmental Health, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
Department of Disinfection and Vector Control, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
Department of 12320 Health Hotline Management, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
Department of Toxicology and Biochemistry, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
Department of Human Resource Management, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
Department of Food-borne Disease and Food Safety Risk Surveillance, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China
Department of Business Management, Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510440, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LIU Yuan, E-mail: 736174712@qq.com

摘要

摘要: 目的了解新型冠状病毒肺炎（corona virus disease 2019，COVID-19，简称新冠肺炎）疫情期间居民口罩和消毒产品使用情况及其影响因素，为进一步做好疫情防控提供科学依据。方法采用Cronbach's α系数和KMO值对问卷的信度和效度进行评价。2020年3月4日至5日，通过网络调查居民的人口学特征、口罩和消毒产品使用情况，并分析居民口罩和消毒产品使用的影响因素。结果共回收有效问卷1 713份，其中男性492人（28.72%），有382人（24.12%）认为戴多层口罩会更安全，有269人（15.70%）认为口罩可以经过蒸煮后再用，有265人（15.47%）认为口罩可以经过喷酒精后再用。有1 529人（89.26%）近一个月使用消毒产品对门把手/开关/按钮（84.96%）、地面（71.88%）和马桶/便池（70.70%）进行消毒。多因素结果显示文化程度越高、年龄越大、月收入越高和企业人员更多使用口罩和消毒产品。结论 COVID-19流行期间，居民戴口罩和使用消毒产品的比例较高，但依旧存在误区，文化程度、年龄、职业和月收入对戴口罩和使用消毒产品有影响，应进行针对性的宣传教育。
- 新型冠状病毒肺炎 /
- 口罩 /
- 消毒产品 /
- 影响因素
Abstract: Objective To analyze the use of masks and disinfection products and their influencing factors during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and to provide scientific basis for epidemic prevention and control. Objective We evaluated the reliability and validity of the questionnaire with Cronbach's α coefficient and KMO value. Through the internet we investigated the demographic characteristics, the use of masks and disinfection products from March 4 to 5 in 2020. In our study, we also analyzed the influencing factors of using masks and disinfection products. Results 1 713 valid questionnaires in total were collected and 492 residents were male (28.72%). Among them, 382 (24.12%) thought it would be safe to wear multiple masks. In addition, there were 269 (15.70%) believed that masks could be used after being boiled and 265 (15.47%) thought that masks sprayed with alcohol could be used. There were 1 529 (89.26%) using disinfection products in the last month. The main sites of disinfection were door handle/switch/button (84.96%), floor (71.88%) and toilet/urinal (70.70%), respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that residents with higher education, older age, higher monthly income, and enterprise staff were used more masks and disinfection products. Conclusions During the epidemic of COVID-19, the rate of residents who used masks and disinfection products were high. But there were still some misunderstandings. Education level, age, occupation and monthly income had an impact on wearing masks and using disinfection products, so targeted publicity and education should be conducted.
- COVID-19 /
- Masks /
- Disinfection products /
- Influencing factors

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表 1 1 713名研究人群基本情况

Table 1. The basic situation of the study population

变量	人数(n)	百分比(%)
性别
男	492	28.72
女	1 221	71.28
文化程度
初中及以下	150	8.76
高中/中专/大专	757	44.19
本科及以上	806	47.05
婚姻状况
未婚	445	25.98
已婚	1 203	70.23
其它	65	3.79
年龄(岁)
≤29	409	23.88
30~	804	46.94
45~	370	21.60
≥60	130	7.59
职业
家庭主妇	206	12.03
医护人员	73	4.26
机关/事业单位人员	217	12.67
企业人员	598	34.91
其它	619	36.14
月收入(元)
< 2 000	206	12.03
2 000~	586	34.21
5 000~	564	32.92
≥10 000	357	20.84

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 调查1 713名居民口罩使用情况

Table 2. The use of masks to investigate residents

口罩使用情况	人数(n)	比例(%)
外出戴口罩的情况
每次都戴	1 467	85.64
不是每次都戴	246	14.36
觉得戴多层口罩更安全
是	382	24.12
否	1 135	71.65
不清楚	67	4.23
多次使用口罩时，怎么放
随意放置，需要时拿起就用	15	1.06
折好放口袋里或包里备用	39	2.75
折起用袋子装好备用	144	10.15
挂在洁净、干燥通风处备用	1 202	84.71
其它	19	1.34
用过的口罩，怎么处理
放入口罩收集桶	883	55.74
放入生活垃圾桶	134	8.46
用袋子装好放入生活垃圾桶	533	33.65
随意丢弃	4	0.25
其它	30	1.89
口罩经过蒸煮后再用
能	269	15.70
不能	1 375	80.27
不清楚	69	4.03
口罩经过喷酒精后再用
能	265	15.47
不能	1 360	79.39
不清楚	88	5.14

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 1 713人使用消毒产品情况

Table 3. Description of the use of disinfection products by the respondents

消毒产品使用情况	人数(人)	比例(%)
是否使用消毒产品
是	1 529	89.26
否	184	10.74
使用过哪些消毒产品
84消毒液	857	56.05
酒精	1 307	85.48
碘伏	73	4.77
衣物消毒剂	679	44.41
漂白粉	137	8.96
免洗手消毒凝胶	807	52.78
消毒湿纸巾	658	43.03
洗手液	1 168	76.39
紫外灯	191	12.49
消毒柜	467	30.54
其它	52	3.40
对哪些部位进行消毒
空气	120	7.85
门把手/开关/按钮	1 299	84.96
家具	616	40.29
灶台	377	24.66
餐具	775	50.69
马桶/便池	1 081	70.70
水龙头/洗脸池及台面	779	50.95
地面	1 099	71.88
玩具	418	27.34
其它	98	6.41
每天使用各类消毒产品多少次(次)
1~	964	65.99
3~	256	16.74
5~	107	7.00
≥7	157	10.27
近一个月，多少钱花在消毒产品上(元)
< 49	264	17.27
50~	342	22.36
100~	289	18.90
150~	153	10.01
≥200	376	24.59
不清楚	105	6.87

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 1 713名居民使用口罩和消毒产品情况(调整的标准化残差)

Table 4. Use of masks and disinfection products by 1 713 residents(adjusted standardized residuals)

变量	戴口罩和使用消毒产品	戴口罩或使用消毒产品	都不用	χ²值	P值
性别				4.896	0.086
男	366(-2.1)	108(1.7)	18(1.3)
女	966(2.1)	224(-1.7)	31(-1.3)
文化程度				37.070	< 0.001
初中及以下	95(-4.4)	52(5.0)	3(-0.7)
高中/中专/大专	580(-1.0)	144(-0.3)	33(3.3)
本科及以上	657(3.5)	136(-2.5)	13(-2.9)
婚姻状况				7.871	0.096
未婚	330(-2.1)	98(1.6)	17(1.4)
已婚	956(2.6)	217(-2.2)	30(-1.4)
其它	46(-1.4)	17(1.4)	2(0.1)
年龄(岁)				28.575	< 0.001
≤29	303(-2.0)	88(1.3)	18(2.1)
30~	648(2.7)	146(-1.2)	10(-3.8)
45~	293(0.7)	66(-0.8)	11(0.1)
≥60	88(-2.9)	32(1.6)	10(3.4)
职业				31.809	< 0.001
家庭主妇	146(-2.5)	52(2.3)	8(0.9)
医护人员	53(-1.1)	19(1.5)	1(-0.8)
机关/事业单位人员	167(-0.3)	45(0.5)	5(-0.5)
企业人员	508(5.2)	77(-5.0)	13(-1.2)
其它	458(-2.8)	139(2.4)	22(1.3)
月收入(元)				33.652	< 0.001
< 2 000	132(-5.0)	61(4.0)	13(3.2)
2 000~	458(0.3)	112(-0.2)	16(-0.2)
5 000~	446(0.9)	101(-1.1)	17(0.3)
≥10 000	296(2.6)	58(-1.7)	3(-2.6)

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表 5 变量赋值表

Table 5. Variable assignment table

变量名	赋值
居民口罩和消毒产品使用情况	1=都不用，2=戴口罩或使用消毒产品，3=戴口罩和使用消毒产品
文化程度	1=初中及以下，2=高中/中专/大专，3=本科及以上
年龄(岁)	1=≤29，2=30~，3=45~，4=≥60
职业	1=家庭主妇，2=医护人员，3=机关/事业单位人员，4=企业人员，5=其它
月收入(元)	1= < 2 000，2=2 000~，3=5 000~，4=≥10 000

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表 6 居民口罩和消毒产品使用的多分类Logistic回归分析模型分析结果

Table 6. Analysis results of multivariate Logistic regression model for residents' masks and disinfection products

变量	估计值	${S_{\bar x}}$	Wald值	自由度(υ)	P值	95% CI值
变量	估计值	${S_{\bar x}}$	Wald值	自由度(υ)	P值	下限	上限
文化程度
初中及以下	-0.686	0.219	9.775	1	0.002	-1.116	-0.256
高中/中专/大专	-0.244	0.144	2.878	1	0.090	-0.526	0.038
本科及以上	0.000^a			0
年龄(岁)
≤29	0.165	0.233	0.501	1	0.479	-0.292	0.622
30~	0.582	0.224	6.746	1	0.009	0.143	1.021
45~	0.632	0.236	7.183	1	0.007	0.170	1.095
≥60	0.000^a			0
职业
家庭主妇	-0.066	0.197	0.113	1	0.737	-0.453	0.320
医护人员	-0.413	0.292	2.000	1	0.157	-0.985	0.159
机关/事业单位人员	-0.219	0.201	1.185	1	0.276	-0.614	0.175
企业人员	0.426	0.164	6.747	1	0.009	0.104	0.747
其它	0.000^a			0
月收入(元)
< 2 000	-0.580	0.241	5.791	1	0.016	-1.053	-0.108
2 000~	-0.027	0.192	0.020	1	0.888	-0.404	0.350
5 000~	-0.161	0.181	0.791	1	0.374	-0.517	0.194
≥10 000	0.000^a			0
注：关联函数为分对数；^a因为该参数为冗余的，所以将其置为0。

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