2011―2017年北京市院前急救创伤患者的流行病学特征

朱映璇; 刘梦阳; 刘悦; 李志伟; 郭秀花; 张进军

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.07.022

2011―2017年北京市院前急救创伤患者的流行病学特征

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.07.022

1.
100069 北京, 首都医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系, 临床流行病学重点实验室
2.
100031 北京, 北京市急救中心急救医学研究所

详细信息

通讯作者:
张进军, E-mail:zhang92560@163.com

中图分类号: R181;R641
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-11-24
- 修回日期: 2020-03-03
- 刊出日期: 2020-07-10

Epidemiological analysis of first-aid trauma in Beijing from 2011 to 2017

1.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing 100069, China
2.
Beijing Emergency Medical Research Institute, Beijing 100031, China

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHANG Jin-jun, E-mail:zhang92560@163.com

摘要

摘要: 目的分析2011―2017年北京市院前急救创伤患者的流行病学特征，为制定全面综合的创伤防控措施提供理论依据。方法收集2011―2017年北京市急救中心的急救创伤病例，针对不同创伤原因，分别从不同人群、时间和空间的角度对病例进行描述性流行病学分析。结果本研究共纳入593 453例创伤患者，男女比例为1.40:1，高发年龄段为35~64岁，占总例数的36.63%；其次为15~34岁，占总例数的31.96%。按致伤原因分类，交通事故伤占比最大（28.19%）。 < 65岁人群以交通事故为主要致伤原因，≥65岁人群以跌倒为主要致伤原因。创伤患者例数总体呈逐年增长趋势，且城区多于郊区。创伤发生与人群活动密切相关，白天明显多于夜晚，上午7:00-8:00是跌倒伤和交通事故伤发生的高峰期。结论北京市院前创伤急救具有较明显的人群、时间和空间分布特征，对于指导医院急救资源合理配置以及制定有效的创伤防控措施具有一定的参考意义。
- 院前急救 /
- 创伤 /
- 流行病学
Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of pre-hospital emergency trauma patients in Beijing from 2011 to 2017 and to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of comprehensive trauma prevention and control measures. Methods Data on first-aid trauma cases from 2011 to 2017 were collected from the Beijing Emergency Medical Center. Data were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods from population, time, and space angles while taking various causes of trauma into account. Results A total of 593 453 trauma patients were enrolled in this study. The ratio of male to female was 1.40:1. The age group of the highest incidence amount was 35-64 years old, with a percentage of 36.63%; Followed by 15-34 years old, with a percentage of 31.96%. Classified by the cause of the injury, traffic accidents accounted for the largest proportion of 28.19%. Traffic accidents were the leading cause of injury in people under 65 years old. Moreover, falls were the leading cause of injury in people aged 65 and over. Generally speaking, the number of trauma patients increased significantly by year. There were more patients in urban areas than in the suburbs. The occurrence of trauma was closely related to the activity level of the group. It was more during the day than at night, especially from 7 am to 8 am, which is the peak period of fall injury and traffic accidence injury. Conclusions Pre-hospital emergency trauma in Beijing has apparent characteristics of population, time, and space distribution, which is of considerable significance to guide the rational allocation of hospital first-aid resources and to formulate effective trauma prevention and control measures.
- Prehospital care /
- Trauma /
- Epidemiology

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图 1 2011―2017年北京市急救创伤不同致伤原因的年份(A)、月份(B)及时点(C)分布

Figure 1. The temporal distribution of different causes of first-aid trauma by year(A), month(B) and hour(C) in Beijing from 2011 to 2017

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图 2 2011―2017年北京市急救创伤构成比(A)以及致伤原因(B)空间分布

Figure 2. The spatial distribution of proportion(A) and different causes(B) of first-aid trauma in Beijing from 2011 to 2017

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表 1 2011―2017年北京市急救创伤人群的不同致伤原因分布[n (%)]

Table 1. Proportion of causes of first-aid trauma in Beijing from 2011 to 2017 among different groups[n (%)]

受伤类型	例数(n)	性别		年龄(岁)				性别/年龄未知
受伤类型	例数(n)	男	女	≤14	15~	35~	≥65	性别/年龄未知
交通事故	167 300(28.19)	61 215(10.32)	41 491(6.99)	4 170(0.97)	44 169(10.22)	44 553(10.31)	9 814(2.27)	64 594(10.88)
跌倒伤	148 050(24.95)	63 364(10.68)	63 450(10.69)	2 714(0.63)	19 383(4.49)	38 149(8.83)	66 568(15.41)	21 236(3.58)
打砸伤	46 539(7.84)	22 956(3.87)	8 430(1.42)	234(0.05)	16 252(3.76)	13 668(3.16)	1 232(0.29)	15153(2.55)
其他原因	11 361(1.91)	4 776(0.80)	2 599(0.44)	1 165(0.27)	2 395(0.55)	2 800(0.65)	1 015(0.23)	3986(0.67)
坠落伤	7 114(1.20)	4 063(0.68)	1 044(0.18)	191(0.04)	2 176(0.50)	2 413(0.56)	327(0.08)	2 007(0.34)
机器伤	299(0.05)	237(0.04)	39(0.01)	13(0.00)	105(0.02)	140(0.03)	18(0.00)	23(0.00)
未知	212 790(35.86)	95 219(16.04)	63 193(10.65)	6 980(1.62)	53 603(12.41)	56 538(13.09)	4 1291(9.56)	54 378(9.16)
合计	593 453(100.00)	251 830(42.43)	180 246(30.37)	15 464(3.58)	138 083(31.96)	158 261(36.63)	120 265(27.83)	161 377(27.19)

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