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摘要:
目的 了解2010-2015年北京市各级综合医院抗生素的使用情况,为抗生素管理和使用提供科学依据。 方法 本研究数据源于北京市职工医疗保险数据库。采用分层随机抽样,选取北京市一级医院18家,二级医院9家,三级医院12家。提取入选医院2010年1月-2015年12月门诊及住院的药物处方数据,分析门诊抗生素处方比例、住院抗生素使用率和抗生素处方占比等指标。 结果 2010-2015年,北京市综合医院门诊抗生素处方比例从16.0%下降至10.8%,住院抗生素使用率从70.9%下降至53.0%,其中二、三级医院两项指标降幅均高于一级医院。门诊广谱抗生素处方占比在70.0%左右波动,住院广谱抗生素处方占比从61.8%上升至63.9%,其中二级医院住院广谱抗生素使用占比增幅较大。头孢菌素类、喹诺酮类、青霉素类是北京市综合医院最常用的三类抗生素,尤其以二、三代头孢为主。 结论 2010-2015年,北京市综合医院抗生素使用情况总体呈不断改善趋势,其中一级医院应作为重点监测对象。广谱抗生素处方占比居高不下,尤其在二级医院,需引起重视。 Abstract:Objective To know the situation of the use of antibiotics in general hospitals at all levels in Beijing from 2010 to 2015, and to provide a basis for antibiotics management and policy formulation. Methods Data of this study were from Beijing medical insurance database for employers (BMCDE). Based on stratified random sampling, 18 primary hospitals, 9 secondary hospitals and 12 tertiary hospitals in Beijing were selected. Drug prescription data of outpatient and inpatient departments from January 2010 to December 2015 in each hospital was extracted from BMCDE. The proportion of antibiotic prescriptions in outpatient, the rate of patients who receiving antibiotic therapy in inpatient and the percentages of commonly antibiotics prescribed were analyzed. Results From 2010 to 2015, the proportion of antibiotic prescriptions in outpatient of general hospital decreased from 16.0% to 10.8%, and the rate of patients who receiving antibiotic therapy in inpatient decreased from 70.9% to 53.0%. The reduction in secondary and tertiary hospitals was higher than that in primary hospitals. The proportion of broad-spectrum antibiotics prescription in outpatient fluctuated around 70.0%, while the proportion in hospital increased from 61.8% to 63.9%. The overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics in secondary hospitals was serious. Cephalosporins, quinolones and penicillin were the three most commonly used antibiotics, especially the second and third generation cephalosporins. Conclusions From 2010 to 2015, in general hospitals in Beijing, the use of antibiotics showed a trend of continuous improvement, and primary hospitals should be the focus of monitoring. The proportion of broad-spectrum antibiotics prescriptions is still high, especially in secondary hospitals, which should be paid attention to. -
Key words:
- Anti-bacterial agents /
- General hospitals /
- Beijing
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表 1 入选医院2010-2015年累计患者数和处方数
Table 1. The total number of patients and prescriptions in general hospitals from 2010 to 2015
特征 门诊 住院 合计 患者数
(n)处方数
(条)患者数
(n)处方数
(条)患者数
(n)处方数
(条)一级医院 性别 男性 49 084 1 473 842 3 525 13 311 52 609 1 487 153 女性 63 493 1 849 967 2 680 10 023 66 173 1 859 990 年龄(岁) < 65 90 058 2 052 208 2 201 6 218 92 259 2 058 426 ≥65 27 133 1 271 601 4 092 17 116 31 225 1 288 717 二级医院 性别 男性 313 783 5 615 155 49 618 92 066 363 401 5 707 221 女性 383 064 7 123 404 41 426 70 635 424 490 7 194 039 年龄(岁) < 65 608 933 9 214 446 62 949 94 181 671 882 9 308 627 ≥65 105 771 3 524 117 28 977 68 520 134 748 3 592 637 三级医院 性别 男性 965 180 12 873 575 171 085 324 590 1 136 265 13 198 165 女性 1 360 065 19 345 610 195 712 331 440 1 555 777 19 677 050 年龄(岁) < 65 1 988 865 22 698 570 256 162 412 636 2 245 027 23 111 206 ≥65 394 182 9 520 660 114 052 243 396 508 234 9 764 056 表 2 2010-2015年北京市综合医院抗生素使用情况和广谱抗生素处方占比
Table 2. The use of antibiotics and the proportion of broad-spectrum antibiotic prescriptions in Beijing general hospitals from 2010 to 2015
年份 抗生素使用(%) 广谱抗生素处方占比(%) 门诊处方比例 住院使用率 门诊 住院 2010 16.0 70.9 69.7 61.8 2011 14.2 69.4 70.0 63.9 2012 12.8 63.1 69.8 64.2 2013 12.0 60.1 70.1 64.3 2014 11.7 56.3 69.5 64.0 2015 10.8 53.0 68.6 63.9 表 3 2010-2015年北京市综合医院处方占比前5种的抗生素
Table 3. The top 5 kinds of antibiotics in prescription in general hospitals in Beijing from 2010 to 2015
排序 2010年 2011年 2012年 2013年 2014年 2015年 药物名称 占比(%) 药物名称 占比(%) 药物名称 占比(%) 药物名称 占比(%) 药物名称 占比(%) 药物名称 占比(%) 门诊 1 左氧氟沙星 14.1 左氧氟沙星 14.3 左氧氟沙星 15.8 左氧氟沙星 17.2 左氧氟沙星 15.8 左氧氟沙星 16.0 2 头孢呋辛 8.6 头孢呋辛 8.7 头孢呋辛 9.4 头孢呋辛 10.3 头孢呋辛 9.6 头孢呋辛 9.6 3 头孢克肟 7.0 头孢克肟 6.7 头孢克肟 6.2 头孢克肟 6.4 头孢克肟 7.2 头孢克肟 7.7 4 头孢克洛 6.9 头孢地尼 5.9 阿奇霉素 4.8 头孢克洛 4.9 头孢地尼 5.5 甲硝唑 5.1 5 咪康唑 5.8 头孢克洛 5.3 头孢克洛 4.6 甲硝唑 4.9 甲硝唑 5.0 头孢克洛 4.9 住院 1 哌拉西林和
β-内酰胺酶抑制剂9.6 哌拉西林和
β-内酰胺酶抑制剂12.1 哌拉西林和
β-内酰胺酶抑制剂11.3 哌拉西林和
β-内酰胺酶抑制剂10.3 哌拉西林和
β-内酰胺酶抑制剂10.7 哌拉西林和
β-内酰胺酶抑制剂9.4 2 左氧氟沙星 9.3 左氧氟沙星 8.5 左氧氟沙星 8.4 左氧氟沙星 8.8 左氧氟沙星 8.3 左氧氟沙星 8.3 3 奥硝唑 6.2 奥硝唑 7.0 奥硝唑 7.2 奥硝唑 7.1 头孢呋辛 7.8 头孢呋辛 7.8 4 头孢呋辛 5.3 头孢呋辛 5.7 头孢呋辛 6.4 头孢呋辛 7.0 奥硝唑 7.1 奥硝唑 6.6 5 头孢米诺 5.1 莫西沙星 4.1 头孢美唑 4.8 头孢哌酮和
β-内酰胺酶抑制剂4.8 头孢哌酮和
β-内酰胺酶抑制剂4.7 莫西沙星 4.3 表 4 北京市各级医院抗生素使用和广谱抗生素占比变化情况
Table 4. Changes of antibiotic use and proportion of broad-spectrum antibiotics in general hospitals at all levels in Beijing
排序 抗生素处方占比/使用率(%) 广谱抗生素处方占比(%) 2010年 2015年 变化值 变化率 2010年 2015年 变化值 变化率 门诊 一级 18.9 15.0 -4.0 -20.9 68.1 65.4 -2.7 -3.9 二级 19.0 12.2 -6.8 -35.7 70.7 70.2 -0.5 -0.7 三级 14.7 9.8 -5.0 -34.0 69.6 68.2 -1.3 -1.9 住院 一级 77.4 71.0 -6.4 -8.3 55.4 57.5 2.1 3.9 二级 65.5 56.3 -9.2 -14.1 57.3 67.5 10.2 17.8 三级 71.8 51.6 -20.2 -28.1 63.1 63.1 0.1 0.1 表 5 北京市各级医院2010-2015年间总计处方占比前5种的抗生素
Table 5. The top 5 kinds of antibiotics in prescription in general hospitals at all levels in Beijing from 2010 to 2015
排序 一级医院 二级医院 三级医院 药物名称 占比(%) 药物名称 占比(%) 药物名称 占比(%) 门诊 1 头孢呋辛 19.2 左氧氟沙星 10.3 左氧氟沙星 17.9 2 左氧氟沙星 14.8 头孢克洛 9.4 头孢呋辛 9.1 3 咪康唑 8.4 头孢丙烯 7.5 头孢克肟 7.8 4 头孢克洛 8.1 头孢地尼 7.3 阿奇霉素 4.6 5 红霉素 6.0 头孢呋辛 6.9 甲硝唑 4.3 住院 1 左氧氟沙星 19.9 哌拉西林和酶抑制药 10.1 哌拉西林和酶抑制药 11.0 2 头孢呋辛 10.3 奥硝唑 10.0 左氧氟沙星 8.1 3 克林霉素 7.5 头孢美唑 8.9 头孢呋辛 6.9 4 头孢唑林 6.5 左氧氟沙星 8.8 奥硝唑 6.8 5 美洛西林 6.4 头孢西丁 5.7 头孢哌酮, 复方 4.8 -
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