-
摘要:
目的 探讨江苏省医学生酒精滥用的危险因素，为制订减少有害使用酒精策略提供参考依据。 方法 以江苏省医学生酒精滥用现况调查中319例酒精滥用者作为病例组，按照1:2匹配同性别、专业、年级的对照组638人。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行单因素和多因素条件Logistic回归分析模型分析。 结果 江苏省医学生饮酒率为44.59%，酒精滥用发生率为8.25%。多因素分析结果显示：少数民族(OR=4.800，95% CI: 2.487~9.262)、家庭人均月收入 < 2 000元(OR=4.660，95% CI: 2.600~8.350)、家庭人均月收入2 000~6 000元(OR=1.764，95% CI: 1.142~2.725)、家庭人均月收入>10 000元(OR=2.395，95% CI: 1.456~3.941)、饮酒是适应社会必须(OR=1.768，95% CI: 1.071~2.920)、饮酒不一定是适应社会必须(OR=1.948，95% CI: 1.311~2.894)、性格外向(OR=1.651，95% CI: 1.126~2.423)、有一些情感压力(OR=1.812，95% CI: 1.283~2.558)、情感压力很大(OR=7.207，95% CI: 3.970~13.085)和吸烟(OR=5.352，95% CI: 3.325~8.612)与医学生酒精滥用有关。 结论 江苏省医学生酒精滥用情况与民族、性格、吸烟、情感压力、对饮酒是否为适应社会必须的态度、家庭人均月收入有关，应该针对性的采取防治措施降低酒精滥用的发生。 -
关键词:
- 医学生 /
- 酒精使用障碍筛查量表(AUDIT) /
- 酒精滥用 /
- 病例对照研究
Abstract:Objective To explore the risk factors affecting alcohol abuse among Chinese medical students and to provide scientific basis for reducing harmful use of alcohol. Methods Cases and controls were all selected from the investigation of alcohol abuse among medical students in Jiangsu Province. The 319 respondents reporting perpetrating alcohol abuse behaviors were enrolled to the case group. Two controls were selected for each case from those participants who did not abuse alcohol. Matching was based on gender, major and grade. Univariate conditional Logistic regression analysis and multivariate conditional Logistic regression analysis were carried out using SPSS 22.0. Results Drinking rate of medical students in Jiangsu Province was 44.59%, and the incidence of alcohol abuse was 8.25%. Multi-conditional Logistic regression analysis indicated that minorities (OR=4.800, 95% CI: 2.487-9.262), the per capita monthly income of less than 2 000 yuan (OR=4.660, 95% CI: 2.600-8.350), the per capita monthly income of 2 000-6 000 yuan (OR=1.764, 95% CI: 1.142-2.725), the per capita monthly income of more than 10 000 yuan (OR=2.395, 95% CI: 1.456-3.941), drinking is necessary to adapt to society (OR=1.768, 95% CI: 1.071-2.920), drinking may not be necessary to adapt to society (OR=1.948, 95% CI: 1.311-2.894), extroverted personality (OR=1.651, 95% CI: 1.126-2.423), having some emotional stress (OR=1.812, 95% CI: 1.283-2.558), having great emotional stress (OR=7.207, 95% CI: 3.970-13.085), smoking behavior (OR=5.352, 95% CI: 3.325-8.612) were related factors of alcohol abuse among medical students. Conclusions The situation of alcohol abuse among medical students is related to their ethnicity, personality, smoking, emotional stress, attitudes about whether drinking is necessary to adapt to society, and monthly household income per capita. Preventive intervention measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of alcohol abuse. -
表 1 酒精滥用影响因素赋值表
Table 1. Assignment table of influencing factors of alcohol abuse
变量 赋值 民族 0=汉族，1=少数民族 家庭人均月收入(元) (1、0、0)= < 2 000，(0、1、0)=2 000~6 000 (0、0、0)=6 000~10 000，(0、0、1)≥10 000 饮酒是否为适应社会必须 (0、0)=不是，(1、0)=是，(0、1)=不一定 情感压力 (0、0)=没有压力，(1、0)=有一些压力，(0、1)=压力很大 性格类型 (0、0)=普通型，(1、0)=内向型，(0、1)=外向型 吸烟 0=否，1=是 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 江苏省医学生一般人口学特征[n (%)]
Table 2. General demographic characteristics of medical students in Jiangsu Province [n (%)]
特征 总人数 病例组 对照组 χ2值 P值 性别 ＜0.001 1.000 男 741(77.4) 247(77.4) 494(77.4) 女 216(22.6) 72(22.6) 144(22.6) 民族 28.779 ＜0.001 汉族 899(93.9) 281(88.1) 618(96.9) 少数民族 58(6.1) 38(11.9) 20(3.1) 专业 4.502 0.480 临床医学 410(42.8) 136(42.6) 274(42.9) 基础医学 53(5.5) 13(4.1) 40(6.3) 预防医学 140(14.6) 50(15.7) 90(14.1) 医学检验 79(8.3) 32(10.0) 47(7.4) 医学影像 131(13.7) 40(12.5) 91(14.3) 护理 144(15.0) 48(15.0) 96(15.0) 年级 3.459 0.484 一 157(16.4) 61(19.1) 96(15.0) 二 160(16.7) 52(16.3) 108(16.9) 三 150(15.7) 53(16.6) 97(15.2) 四 255(26.6) 80(25.1) 175(27.4) 五 235(24.6) 73(22.9) 162(25.4) 居住地 6.359 0.012 城镇 515(53.8) 190(59.6) 325(50.9) 农村 442(46.2) 129(40.4) 313(49.1)
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 江苏省医学生酒精滥用相关因素的单因素分析[n (%)]
Table 3. Analysis of univariate Logistic regression for related factors of alcohol abuse among medical students in Jiangsu Province[n (%)]
因素 对照组 病例组 OR(95% CI)值 P值 民族 汉族 618(96.9) 281(88.1) 1.000 少数民族 20(3.1) 38(11.9) 3.930(2.263~6.824) ＜0.001 居住地 农村 313(49.1) 129(40.4) 1.000 城镇 325(50.9) 190(59.6) 1.402(1.072~1.832) 0.013 家庭结构 核心家庭 392(61.4) 221(69.3) 1.000 扩展家庭 221(34.6) 80(25.1) 0.648(0.478~0.877) 0.005 单亲家庭 25(4.0) 18(5.6) 1.269(0.667~2.414) 0.469 家庭人均月收入(元) < 2 000 75(11.7) 65(20.4) 1.000 2 000~ 271(42.5) 105(32.9) 0.386(0.249~0.598) ＜0.001 6 000~ 192(30.1) 74(23.2) 0.379(0.237~0.605) ＜0.001 ≥10 000 100(15.7) 75(23.5) 0.782(0.495~1.237) 0.294 月生活费(元) < 800 68(10.7) 42(13.2) 1.000 800~ 274(42.9) 126(39.5) 0.751(0.479~1.178) 0.213 1 200~ 214(33.5) 94(29.5) 0.739(0.474~1.150) 0.180 ≥1 600 82(12.9) 57(17.9) 1.130(0.671~1.904) 0.646 父亲文化程度 小学及以下 68(10.7) 34(10.7) 1.000 初中 248(38.9) 124(38.9) 0.990(0.613~1.596) 0.966 高中 212(33.2) 81(25.4) 0.749(0.452~1.243) 0.264 大学及以上 110(17.2) 80(25.1) 1.452(0.864~2.442) 0.160 母亲文化程度 小学及以下 108(16.9) 66(20.7) 1.000 初中 282(44.2) 113(35.4) 0.624(0.420~0.927) 0.020 高中 173(27.1) 74(23.2) 0.681(0.445~1.040) 0.075 大学及以上 75(11.8) 66(20.7) 1.346(0.858~2.112) 0.196 家人是否饮酒 否 468(73.4) 254(79.6) 1.000 是 170(26.6) 65(20.4) 0.704(0.509~0.974) 0.034 同伴是否饮酒 否 484(75.9) 259(81.2) 1.000 是 154(24.1) 60(18.8) 0.712(0.504~1.007) 0.055 父母对你饮酒的态度 赞同 75(11.8) 48(15.1) 1.000 中立 428(67.0) 171(53.6) 0.595(0.387~0.915) 0.018 反对 135(21.2) 100(31.3) 1.138(0.711~1.820) 0.591 饮酒是否为适应社会必须 不是 250(39.2) 82(25.7) 1.000 是 117(18.3) 63(19.7) 1.712(1.129~2.595) 0.011 不一定 271(42.5) 174(54.5) 2.064(1.483~2.872) ＜0.001 学习压力 没有压力 65(10.2) 62(19.4) 1.000 有一些压力 462(72.4) 181(56.7) 0.398(0.265~0.596) ＜0.001 压力很大 111(17.4) 76(23.8) 0.688(0.426~1.112) 0.127 情感压力 没有压力 327(51.3) 108(33.9) 1.000 有一些压力 275(43.1) 150(47.0) 1.553(1.158~2.082) 0.003 压力很大 36(5.6) 61(19.1) 5.081(3.123~8.268) ＜0.001 是否感到焦虑、抑郁 从没 27(4.2) 16(5.0) 1.000 很少 206(32.3) 82(25.7) 0.676(0.342~1.336) 0.260 有时 369(57.8) 168(52.7) 0.771(0.402~1.481) 0.435 总是 36(5.6) 53(16.6) 2.563(1.192~5.511) 0.016 自我报告的性格类型 普通型 378(59.2) 158(49.5) 1.000 内向型 103(16.1) 55(17.2) 1.293(0.888~1.882) 0.179 外向型 157(24.6) 106(33.2) 1.655(1.204~2.275) 0.002 吸烟 否 598(93.7) 229(71.8) 1.000 是 40(6.3) 90(28.2) 5.684(3.729~8.665) ＜0.001
下载: 导出CSV
表 4 江苏省医学生酒精滥用的多因素条件Logistic回归分析模型分析
Table 4. Multivariate conditional Logistic regression for risk factors of alcohol abuse among medical students in Jiangsu Province
变量 β值 sx Wald χ2值 OR (95% CI)值 P值 民族 汉族 1.000 少数民族 1.569 0.335 21.867 4.800(2.487~9.262) ＜0.001 家庭人均月收入(元) 6 000~ 1.000 < 2 000 1.539 0.298 26.738 4.660(2.600~8.350) ＜0.001 2 000~ 0.568 0.222 6.543 1.764(1.142~2.725) 0.011 ≥10 000 0.874 0.254 11.817 2.395(1.456~3.941) 0.001 饮酒是否为适应社会必须 不是 1.000 是 0.570 0.256 4.963 1.768(1.071~2.920) 0.026 不一定 0.667 0.202 10.875 1.948(1.311~2.894) 0.001 情感压力 没有压力 1.000 有一些压力 0.594 0.176 11.408 1.812(1.283~2.558) 0.001 压力很大 1.975 0.304 42.126 7.207(3.970~13.085) ＜0.001 自我报告的性格类型 普通型 1.000 内向型 0.153 0.242 0.401 1.165(0.726~1.872) 0.526 外向型 0.502 0.195 6.586 1.651(1.126~2.423) 0.010 吸烟 否 1.000 是 1.677 0.243 47.740 5.352(3.325~8.612) ＜0.001
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] World Health Organization. Global status report on alcohol and health 2018 [EB/OL]. (2018) [2020-04-02]. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/274603. [2] Wood AM, Kaptoge S, Butterworth AS, et al. Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption: combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599 912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies [J]. Lancet, 2018, 391(10129):1513-1523. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30134-X. [3] Griswold MG, Fullman N, Hawley C, et al. Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 [J]. Lancet, 2018, 392(10152):1015-1035. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31310-2. [4] 杜文琪, 赵旭明, 李斌, 等.青海省在校大学生饮酒现状及影响因素分析[J].中华疾病控制杂志, 2015, 19(10):1070-1071. DOI: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2015.10.025.Du WQ, Zhao XM, Li B, et al, Analysis of alcohol drinking and its influence factors of college students in Qinghai Province [J]. Chin J Dis Control Prev, 2015, 19(10):1070-1071. DOI: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2015.10.025. [5] Mekonen T, Fekadu W, Chane T, et al. Problematic alcohol use among university students [J]. Front Psychiatry, 2017, 8:86. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00086. [6] Thompson K, Davis-Macnevin P, Teehan M, et al. The association between secondhand harms from alcohol and mental health outcomes among postsecondary students [J]. J Stud Alcohol Drugs, 2017, 78(1):70-78. DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2017.78.70. [7] D'Agostino AR, Peterson SJ, Smith GT. A risk model for addictive behaviors in adolescents: interactions between personality and learning [J]. Addiction, 2019, 114(7):1283-1294. DOI: 10.1111/add.14622. [8] McClafferty H, Brown OW. Physician health and wellness [J]. Pediatrics, 2014, 134(4):830-835. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-2278. [9] World Health Organization. The alcohol use disorders identification test: guideline for use in primary care [M]. 2nd ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2001. [10] 张聪, 杨国平, 李圳, 等.中文版酒精使用障碍筛查量表信度和效度评价[J].中华流行病学杂志, 2017, 38(8):1064-1067. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.08.013.Zhang C, Yang GP, Li Z, et al. Reliability and validity of the Chinese version on Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [J]. Chin J Epidemiol, 2017, 38(8):1064-1067. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-6450.2017.08.013. [11] 吉华青, 吉宁.饮酒筛查工具研究进展[J].中华健康管理学杂志, 2019, 13(4):349-353. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-0815.2019.04.017.Ji HQ, Ji N. Review on screening tools for alcohol use [J]. Chin J Health Manage, 2019, 13(4):349-353. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-0815.2019.04.017. [12] Hidalgo LT, Pretel FA, Bravo BN, et al. Training medical students about hazardous drinking using simple assessment techniques [J]. Health Educ J, 2013, 73(3):295-302. DOI: 10.1177/0017896912471050. [13] Tang X, Chen X, Li H, et al. Smoking and drinking patterns among residents of Li ethnic minority villages in Hainan, China [J]. Subst Use Misuse, 2005, 40(5):687-701. DOI: 10.1081/ja-200055382. [14] Guo W, Lanzi G, Luobu O, et al. An epidemiological survey of alcohol use disorders in a Tibetan population [J]. Psychiatry Res, 2008, 159(1-2):56-66. DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2007.09.012. [15] Peltzer K, Pengpid S. Concurrent tobacco use and binge drinking among university students in 30 countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Caribbean [J]. Int J Ment Health Addiction, 2018, 16(1):164-174. DOI: 10.1007/s11469-017-9850-z. [16] Gignon M, Havet E, Ammirati C, et al. Alcohol, cigarette, and illegal substance consumption among medical students: a cross-sectional survey [J]. Workplace Health Saf, 2015, 63(2):54-63. DOI: 10.1177/2165079915570917. [17] 张辉, 陈鹤元, 杨凤池.新疆克拉玛依地区酒精滥用者焦虑、抑郁症状及自杀风险调查[J].中国心理卫生杂志, 2015, 29(7):539-542. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2015.07.011.Zhang H, Chen HY, Yang FC. A cross-sectional study of anxiety, depression and suicide risk of alcohol abusers in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region [J]. Chin Ment Health J, 2015, 29(7):539-542. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2015.07.011. [18] Keyes KM, Hasin DS. Socio-economic status and problem alcohol use: the positive relationship between income and the DSM-IV alcohol abuse diagnosis [J]. Addiction, 2008, 103(7):1120-1130. DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02218.x. [19] John J. The economics of addictive behaviours volume Ⅱ [M]. Switzerland: Palgrave macmillan, 2017. -
- 中国精品科技期刊
- 《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录期刊
- RCCSE 中国核心期刊(5/114,A+)
- Scopus收录期刊
- 美国《化学文摘》(CA)收录期刊
- WHO 西太平洋地区医学索引(WPRIM)收录期刊
- 《中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)》核心库期刊 (C)
- 中国科技核心期刊
- 中国科技论文统计源期刊
- 《日本科学技术振兴机构数据库(中国)》(JSTChina)收录期刊
- 美国《乌利希期刊指南》(UIrichsweb)收录期刊
- 中华预防医学会系列杂志优秀期刊(2019年)
留言板
尊敬的读者、作者、审稿人, 关于本刊的投稿、审稿、编辑和出版的任何问题, 您可以本页添加留言。我们将尽快给您答复。谢谢您的支持!
| 姓名 | |
|---|---|
| 邮箱 | |
| 手机号码 | |
| 标题 | |
| |
