辽宁省学生近视情况及其影响因素

高青; 刘懿卿; 叶茜雯; 王宏伟; 徐品良; 吴明

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.02.019

辽宁省学生近视情况及其影响因素

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.02.019

110005 沈阳，辽宁省疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所

详细信息

通讯作者:
吴明，E-mail: 470374526@qq.com

中图分类号: R778.11;R181
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-05-29
- 修回日期: 2020-08-07
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-10

Analysis of myopia and its influencing factors among students in Liaoning Province

School Health Department of Liaoning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110005, China

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Corresponding author: WU Ming, E-mail: 470374526@qq.com

摘要

摘要: 目的了解2019年辽宁省学生视力情况，并分析其影响因素。为进一步制定防治学生近视策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法，抽取辽宁省14个市学生，对抽取的学生进行远视力检查、屈光检查和问卷调查。利用Logistic回归分析模型分析学生近视发生的影响因素。结果辽宁省学生的近视率为53.17%。多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析发现，影响视力的主要因素有经济分类、城乡划分、性别、学校类型、是否住校、座位调换情况、眼保健操情况、户外活动是否达标情况及是否存在视屏时间过长行为(均有P < 0.05)。其中经济水平好(OR=0.802, 95% CI:0.751~0.855)、性别女(OR=0.663, 95% CI:0.635~0.692)、高年级(初中OR=0.337, 95% CI:0.358~0.398；高中OR=0.182, 95% CI:0.170~0.196；职高OR=0.392, 95% CI:0.351~0.438)、不住校(OR=0.771, 95% CI:0.716~0.830)、座位至少每月调换1次(OR=0.801, 95% CI:0.739~0.868)和眼保健操每天做2次及以上(OR=0.922, 95% CI:0.850~0.998)与近视率的降低有关，而经济水平中等(OR=1.215, 95% CI:1.115~1.323)、郊县地区(OR=1.134, 95% CI:1.083~1.187)、户外活动不达标(OR=1.069, 95% CI:1.014~1.128)和存在视屏时间过长行为(OR=1.221, 95% CI:1.166~1.280)则与近视率增加有关。结论辽宁省学生近视发生率相对较高，防控形势严峻。应采取改变学生的用眼习惯、加强体育锻炼等措施，多方联合的防控手段，以减少学生近视的发生。
- 近视率 /
- 危险因素 /
- 学生
Abstract: Objective To investigate the myopia of students in Liaoning Province in 2019 and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide scientific basis for further formulating the strategy and the measure of preventing and curing the myopic students. Methods Students from 14 cities in Liaoning Province were selected by multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling, and their long-range vision, refractive examination and questionnaire survey were conducted. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors of myopic students. Results The myopic rate of students in Liaoning Province was 53.17%. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that the main factors affecting myopic rate were economic classification, urban and rural division, gender, school type, whether living in school, seat exchange, eye exercise, whether outdoor activities meeting the standard and whether existing excessive video-time (all P < 0.05). Among them, the reduction of myopic rate was related to the good economic level (OR=0.802, 95% CI: 0.751-0.855), gender (OR=0.663, 95% CI: 0.635-0.692), senior grade (junior high school OR=0.337, 95% CI: 0.358-0.398; high school OR=0.182, 95% CI: 0.170-0.196; vocational high school OR=0.392, 95% CI: 0.351-0.438), not living in school (OR=0.771, 95% CI: 0.716-0.830), changing seats at least once a month (OR=0.801, 95% CI: 0.739-0.868) and doing eye exercises at least twice a day (OR=0.922, 95% CI: 0.850-0.998), but the medium economic level (OR=1.215, 95% CI: 1.115-1.323), the suburb county area (OR=1.134, 95% CI: 1.083-1.187), substandard outdoor activities (OR=1.069, 95% CI: 1.014-1.128) and too much screen time (OR=1.221, 95% CI: 1.166-1.280) were related to the myopic rate increase. Conclusions The incidence of myopia among students in Liaoning Province was relatively high and the situation of prevention and control was severe. We should take effective measures such as changing students' habit of using eyes, strengthening physical exercise and so on, multi-ways joint prevention and control means to diminish the occurrence of students' myopia.
- Myopia rate /
- Risk factors /
- Students

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表 1 辽宁省学生基本情况及近视率情况(2019年9-10月)

Table 1. Students'basic situation and myopia rate in Liaoning Province (September to October 2019)

变量	总人数	近视人数	检出率(%)
经济分类
好	10 427	5 991	57.46
中	23 568	12 237	51.92
差	36 043	19 009	52.74
城乡划分
城区	39 966	22 613	56.58
郊县	30 072	14 624	48.63
性别
男	35 571	17 684	49.71
女	34 467	19 553	56.73
学校类型
幼儿园	3 482	426	12.23
小学(1~3年级)	18 697	4 675	25.00
小学(4~6年级)	14 315	7 267	50.76
初中	16 880	11 920	70.62
普高	12 149	10 015	82.43
职高	4 515	2 934	64.98
总计	70 038	37 237	53.17

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表 2 辽宁省中小学生近视率的单因素分析(2019年9-10月)

Table 2. Univariate analysis of myopia rate among primary and middle school students in Liaoning Province(September to October 2019)

变量	总人数	近视人数	χ²值	P值
经济分类			190.348	< 0.001
好	6 547	4 758
中	13 731	8 643
差	20 903	13 957
城乡划分			158.878	< 0.001
城区	24 090	16 599
郊县	17 091	10 759
性别
男	21 041	13 068	361.103	< 0.001
女	20 140	14 290
学校类型
小学(4~6年级)	14 315	7 267	2 910.756	< 0.001
初中	13 851	9 826
普高	9 924	8 228
职高	3 091	2 037
是否住校			73.450	< 0.001
是	6 483	4 606
否	34 698	22 752
座位调换情况			15.391	< 0.001
从不	3 309	2 136
每学期1次	2 953	1 890
至少每月1次	34 919	23 332
眼保健操情况			114.797	< 0.001
不做	4 562	3 213
做1次	15 457	10 586
做2次及以上	21 162	13 559
户外活动是否达标			59.664	< 0.001
达标	9 179	6 406
不达标	32 002	20 952
是否因课业问题减少活动时间			11.967	0.001
是	16 954	11 100
否	24 227	16 258
是否存在视屏时间过长行为			41.121	< 0.001
否	25 818	17 449
是	15 363	9 909

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表 3 辽宁省中小学生近视率的多因素分析(2019年9-10月)

Table 3. Multivariate analysis of myopia rate among primary and middle school students in Liaoning Province(September to October 2019)

自变量	β值	OR(95% CI)值	P值
经济分类
差		1.000
中	0.416	1.215(1.115~1.323)	< 0.001
好	-0.220	0.802(0.751~0. 855)	< 0.001
城乡划分
城区		1.000
郊县	0.126	1.134(1.083~1.187)	< 0.001
性别
男		1.000
女	-0.411	0.663(0.635~0.692)	< 0.001
学校类型
小学(4~6年级)		1.000
初中	-0.974	0.377(0.358~0.398)	< 0.001
普高	-1.702	0.182(0.170~0.196)	< 0.001
职高	-0.936	0.392(0.351~0.438)	< 0.001
是否住校
是		1.000
否	-0.260	0.771(0.716~0.830)	< 0.001
座位调换情况
从不		1.000
每学期1次	-0.042	0.959(0.860~1.068)	0.446
至少每月1次	-0.222	0.801(0.739~0.868)	< 0.001
每天眼保健操情况
不做		1.000
做1次	0.035	1.036(0.956~1.121)	0.388
做2次及以上	-0.081	0.922(0.850~0.998)	0.049
户外活动是否达标
达标		1.000
不达标	0.067	1.069(1.014~1.128)	0.014
是否因课业问题减少活动时间
是		1.000
否	-0.031	0.970(0.928~1.013)	0.171
是否存在视屏时间过长行为
否		1.000
是	0.200	1.221(1.166~1.280)	< 0.001

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