学龄前儿童多动行为与父母D型人格及家庭环境的关系

赵雅芬; 何冠豪; 黄丽华; 冼丹霞; 杨伟康; 陈维清

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.05.016

学龄前儿童多动行为与父母D型人格及家庭环境的关系

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.05.016

1.
518109 深圳，深圳市龙华区妇幼保健院科教科
2.
510080 广州，中山大学公共卫生学院流行病学系

基金项目:

深圳市龙华区医疗卫生科研项目 2020192

详细信息

通讯作者:
赵雅芬，E-mail: 610408398@qq.com

中图分类号: R749.94
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-10-12
- 修回日期: 2021-01-14
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-16
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-10

Associations between preschool children's hyperactive behaviors, parents' type D personality and family environment

1.
Science and Education Section, Shenzhen Longhua Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shenzhen 518109, China
2.
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China

Funds:

Shenzhen Longhua Medical and Health Research Project 2020192

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHAO Ya-fen, E-mail: 610408398@qq.com

摘要

摘要: 目的探讨学龄前儿童的多动行为与父母D型人格及家庭环境的关系。方法以深圳市龙华区2016-2017年小班儿童及父母为调查对象，应用多重线性回归分析父母D型人格、家庭环境与多动行为的关联，应用中介分析评价家庭环境在父母D型人格与儿童多动行为关联中的中介作用。结果父母D型人格与家庭环境的矛盾性(母亲：β=0.687；父亲：β=0.694)、儿童的多动行为水平(母亲：β=0.164；父亲：β=0.130)呈正关联，而与家庭环境的亲密度(母亲：β=-0.654；父亲：β=-0.665)、知识性(母亲：β=-0.537；父亲：β=-0.394)、组织性(母亲：β=-0.589；父亲：β=-0.459)呈负关联。儿童多动行为水平与家庭环境的亲密度(β=-0.010)、知识性(β=-0.033)、组织性(β=-0.022)与呈负关联，而与家庭环境的矛盾性(β=0.034)呈正关联。家庭环境的亲密度、矛盾性、知识性、组织性在父母D型人格与儿童多动行为关联中起部分中介作用，中介效应百分比介于4.88%~20.00%。结论父母D型人格可增加学龄前儿童多动行为发生的风险，其中部分是通过营造不同家庭环境对儿童多动行为产生作用。
- D型人格 /
- 家庭环境 /
- 多动行为 /
- 学龄期儿童
Abstract: Objective To explore the associations with children's hyperactive behaviors and parental type D personality (TDP) and family environment. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among children from LongHua District of Shenzhen in China during 2016-2017. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to assess the associations with children's hyperactive behaviors, parental TDP and family environment. Mediation analysis was applied to explore the mediating role of family environment on the associations between parental TDP and children's hyperactive behaviors. Results Parental TDP was positively associated with the conflict dimension (maternal: β=0.687; paternal: β=0.694) and children's hyperactive behaviors (maternal: β=0.164; paternal: β=0.130), while it was negatively correlated with the cohesion (maternal: β=-0.654; paternal: β=-0.665), intellectual-cultural orientation (maternal: β=-0.537; paternal: β=-0.394) and organization (maternal: β=-0.589; paternal: β=-0.459) in family context. Children's hyperactive behaviors were negatively associated with the cohesion (β=-0.010), intellectual-cultural orientation (β=-0.033), organization (β=-0.022) in family context, but positively related to the conflict dimension (β=0.034). The cohesion, conflict dimension, intellectual-cultural orientation and organization of family environment partially mediated the relationship between parental TDP and children's hyperactive behaviors, with the proportion of mediation effect from 4.88 to 20.00%. Conclusion Maternal and paternal TDP can increase hyperactive behaviors among children, which partially through creating different family environment.
- Type D personality /
- Family environment /
- Hyperactive behaviors /
- Preschool children

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图 1 母亲D型人格、家庭环境与儿童多动行为路径

注：^aP < 0.001。

Figure 1. Path of maternal type D personality, family environment and children's hyperactive behaviors

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图 2 父亲D型人格、家庭环境与儿童多动行为路径

注：^aP < 0.001。

Figure 2. Path of paternal type D personality, family environment and children's hyperactive behaviors

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表 1 研究对象的一般人口学特征[n(%)]

Table 1. Socio-demographic characteristics of participants [n(%)]

变量名	例数
儿童年龄(x±s, 岁)	3.37±0.34
儿童性别
男	9 214(54.65)
女	7 645(45.35)
是否独生
否	6 554(38.88)
是	10 305(61.12)
母亲年龄(x±s, 岁)	30.69±3.88
母亲学历
高中以下	2 676(15.87)
高中	4 949(29.36)
本科及以上	9 234(54.77)
父亲年龄(x±s, 岁)	33.05±4.48
父亲学历
高中以下	2 159(12.81)
高中	4 110(24.37)
本科及以上	10 590(62.82)
父母婚姻状况
已婚	16 326(96.84)
未婚/离异/丧偶	475(2.82)
不详	58(0.34)
家庭月收入(元)
＜5 000	2 407(14.28)
5 000~＜10 000	4 533(26.88)
10 000~＜15 000	3 444(20.43)
≥15 000	6 475(38.41)

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表 2 父母亲D型人格、家庭环境与多动行为回归分析结果

Table 2. Results of linear-regression analyses of parents' type D personality, family environment and hyperactive behaviors

因变量	预测变量	回归系数	回归系数的(95% CI)值	P值
模型1	常数项	1.128	(1.044~1.211)	＜0.001
多动行为	母亲D型人格	0.164	(0.143~0.184)	＜0.001
	父亲D型人格	0.130	(0.107~0.152)	＜0.001
模型2	常数项	1.316	(1.227~1.405)	＜0.001
多动行为	亲密度	-0.010	(-0.015~-0.005)	＜0.001
	矛盾性	0.034	(0.030~0.037)	＜0.001
	知识性	-0.033	(-0.036~-0.030)	＜0.001
	组织性	-0.022	(-0.027~-0.018)	＜0.001
注: 校正的协变量：儿童年龄、性别、是否独生，父母的年龄、教育水平，婚姻状况、家庭月收入。

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表 3 父母亲D型人格、与家庭环境线性回归分析结果

Table 3. Results of linear regression analyses of parents' type D personality and family environment

因变量	预测变量	回归系数	回归系数的(95% CI)值	P值
模型1	常数项	7.043	(6.762~7.324)	＜0.001
亲密度	母亲D型人格	-0.654	(-0.723~-0.584)	＜0.001
	父亲D型人格	-0.665	(-0.740~-0.589)	＜0.001
模型2	常数项	2.325	(1.983~2.677)	＜0.001
矛盾性	母亲D型人格	0.687	(0.602~0.772)	＜0.001
	父亲D型人格	0.694	(0.602~0.785)	＜0.001
模型3	常数项	1.583	(1.195~1.971)	＜0.001
知识性	母亲D型人格	-0.537	(-0.633~-0.441)	＜0.001
	父亲D型人格	-0.394	(-0.499~-0.290)	＜0.001
模型4	常数项	4.954	(4.655~5.254)	＜0.001
组织性	母亲D型人格	-0.589	(-0.663~-0.514)	＜0.001
	父亲D型人格	-0.459	(-0.540~-0.378)	＜0.001
注: 校正的协变量：儿童年龄、性别、是否独生，父母的年龄、教育水平，婚姻状况、家庭月收入。

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表 4 家庭环境在父母D型人格与儿童多动行为关联中的中介作用

Table 4. The mediation effect of family environment on association between parents' type D personality and children's hyperactive behaviors

路径	效应类别	效应值	效应值的(95% CI)值	中介效应百分比(%)
母亲D型人格	总效应	0.164	(0.143~0.184)^a
	直接效应	0.102	(0.082~0.122)^a
	间接效应(亲密度)	0.008	(0.004~0.012)^a	4.88
	间接效应(矛盾性)	0.025	(0.020~0.032)^a	15.24
	间接效应(知识性)	0.019	(0.014~0.024)^a	11.59
	间接效应(组织性)	0.014	(0.010~0.019)^a	8.51
父亲D型人格	总效应	0.130	(0.107~0.152)^a
	直接效应	0.075	(0.053~0.097)^a
	间接效应(亲密度)	0.075	(0.053~0.097)^a	6.92
	间接效应(矛盾性)	0.009	(0.005~0.013)^a	20.00
	间接效应(知识性)	0.026	(0.020~0.032)^a	10.77
	间接效应(组织性)	0.014	(0.006~0.019)^a	8.46
注: 校正的协变量：儿童年龄、性别、是否独生，父母的年龄、教育水平，婚姻状况、家庭月收入；^aP < 0.001。

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