2015—2019年云南省老年人非故意跌落死亡率及其趋势分析

李本燕; 邓睿; 唐娴; 杨永芳; 黄源; 秦明芳

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.05.022

2015—2019年云南省老年人非故意跌落死亡率及其趋势分析

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2021.05.022

1.
650500 昆明，昆明医科大学公共卫生学院
2.
650022 昆明，云南省疾病预防控制中心慢病所

基金项目:

云南省科技厅省创新团队-昆明医科大学主要慢性病流行病学及预防策略研究 202005AE160002

详细信息

中图分类号: R49
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-11-20
- 修回日期: 2021-01-29
- 网络出版日期: 2021-06-16
- 刊出日期: 2021-05-10

Unintentional falls mortality among the elderly in Yunnan Province between 2015 and 2019

1.
School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
2.
Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming 650022, China

Funds:

Innovative Research Team of Yunnan Science and Technological Department: Studies on Epidemiology and Prevention Strategies of Major Chronic Diseases Undertaken by Kunming Medical University 202005AE160002

摘要

摘要: 目的了解2015-2019年云南省＞60岁老年人非故意跌落致死情况和变化趋势，为制定防控干预措施提供依据。方法利用人口死亡信息登记管理系统2015-2019年云南省死因监测数据，采用描述性流行病学方法对老年人非故意跌落死亡资料进行统计分析。结果 2015-2019年云南省老年人非故意跌落共报告死亡数22 799人，年龄标化死亡率从2015年59.00/10万上升到了2019年的94.98/10万，5年总体呈上升趋势。各年间非故意跌落报告死亡率总体上男性高于女性，2019年分别为140.18/10万和111.62/10万；城市高于农村，2019年分别为110.33/10万和89.70/10万。非故意跌落死亡率随年龄增加呈上升趋势，其中死亡率的峰值出现在≥80岁。跌落发生场所主要在家中，占61.19%，死亡地点也主要在家中，占84.18%。结论 2015-2019年云南省老年人非故意跌落死亡率呈上升趋势，男性、城市和高龄老人是防控重点人群，非故意跌落和死亡地点多发生在家中，宜从健康教育、居住环境改善和跌落后就医等多个环节入手，采取有针对性的防控措施，以有效减少非故意跌落的发生及其造成的伤害。
- 老年人 /
- 非故意跌落 /
- 非故意伤害 /
- 死亡
Abstract: Objective To explore the trend of unintentional falls mortality among the elderly aged over 60 years in Yunnan Province from 2015 to 2019, and to provide the evidence for developing specific interventions. Methods Data on deaths from unintentional falls were extracted from Yunnan Disease Surveillance Points System from 2015 to 2019. The trends of unintentional falls mortality among the elderly were statistically described by descriptive epidemiology. Results From 2015 to 2019, a total of 22 799 deaths from unintentional falls were reported among the elderly in Yunnan Province. The age-standardized mortality rates of unintentional falls increased from 59.00/100 000 in 2015 to 94.98/100 000 in 2019, which had shown an upward trend over the five years. The reported mortality rates of unintentional falls were generally higher for males than females, which were 140.18 and 111.62 per 100 000 respectively in 2019. The reported mortality rates in urban areas (110.33/100 000) were higher than rural areas (89.70/100 000) in 2019. The mortality rate of unintentional falls increased with the increase of age, and the mortality peak occured among the elderly over 80 years old. The unintentional falls mainly occurred at home, accounting for 61.19% of total falls, and the most common place of death from unintentional falls was at home as well, accounting for 84.18% of total unintentional deaths. Conclusions The unintentional falls mortality rate among the elderly in Yunnan Province showed an increasing trend from 2015 to 2019. The male and urban residents with an advanced age should be the target groups for further interventions. To reduce the unintentional falls and the deaths caused by it, the specific preventive strategies might be developed with a consideration of providing health education, creating age-friendly living environment, and improving healthcare accessibility for the elderly in Yunnan.
- The elderly /
- Unintentional falls /
- Unintentional injury /
- Death

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表 1 2015-2019年云南省老年人非故意跌落死亡率及置信区间

Table 1. Mortality rates and confidence intervals of accidental falls among the elderly in Yunnan, 2015-2019

年份	城乡				性别				合计
	城市		农村		男		女		合计
	死亡数(人)	粗死亡率(/10万)	死亡数(人)	粗死亡率(/10万)	死亡数(人)	粗死亡率(/10万)	死亡数(人)	粗死亡率(/10万)	死亡数(人)	粗死亡率(/10万)	标化死亡率(/10万)
2015	2 680	79.39(53.89~104.90)	5 372	51.48(40.64~62.32)	4 603	86.20(65.79~106.61)	3 451	74.33(56.72~91.94)	16 106	57.44(48.62~66.26)	55.89(46.26~65.51)
2016	2 828	75.62(55.05~96.20)	6 511	59.12(49.01~69.23)	5 448	93.03(75.03~111.02)	3 896	76.96(60.27~93.64)	18 683	62.96(53.56~72.41)	59.59(51.06~68.11)
2017	2 826	79.32(54.27~104.37)	7 532	71.29(61.28~81.29)	5 917	106.55(88.09~125.02)	4 445	88.11(71.99~104.22)	20 720	73.40(64.54~82.27)	69.33(60.60~78.05)
2018	3 250	89.34(59.52~119.15)	8 207	85.12(74.58~95.67)	6 418	122.60(98.60~146.60)	4 996	110.60(90.40~130.78)	22 871	86.70(77.10~96.30)	82.50(73.41~91.59)
2019	3 499	110.33(80.70~139.96)	8 376	89.70(78.93~100.46)	6 812	140.18(115.06~165.31)	5 068	111.62(92.05~131.19)	23 755	94.48(83.79~105.18)	102.25(90.91~113.58)

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表 2 2015-2019年云南省老年人非故意跌落年龄别死亡率

Table 2. Age-specific mortality rates of accidental falls among the elderly in Yunnan, 2015-2019

年份	性别	60~＜70		70~＜80		≥80		合计
年份	性别	死亡数(人)	死亡率(/10万)	死亡数(人)	死亡率(/10万)	死亡数(人)	死亡率(/10万)	死亡数(人)	死亡率(/10万)
2015	男	443	29.42	550	65.48	672	228.84	1 665	62.63
	女	192	12.49	484	52.17	951	236.53	1 627	56.27
	小计	635	20.87	1 034	58.49	1 623	233.29	3 292	59.32
2016	男	589	36.82	673	68.82	804	235.60	2 066	70.78
	女	244	15.26	502	47.44	1 113	242.87	1 859	59.67
	小计	833	26.04	1 175	57.71	1917	239.77	3 925	65.04
2017	男	654	41.90	727	80.21	892	281.99	2 273	81.66
	女	284	17.92	576	57.80	1 274	295.17	2 134	70.83
	小计	938	29.82	1 303	68.47	2 166	289.60	4 407	76.03
2018	男	789	48.11	807	81.69	1 069	310.14	2 665	89.65
	女	321	19.62	666	62.41	1 595	345.17	2 582	81.58
	小计	1 110	33.88	1 473	71.68	2 664	330.20	5 247	85.49
2019	男	814	40.80	984	103.35	1 279	396.09	3 077	94.1
	女	335	16.50	722	67.99	1 794	413.75	2 851	80.87
	小计	1 149	28.55	1 706	84.70	3 073	406.21	5 928	87.24
合计	男	3 289	39.73	3 741	80.20	4 716	291.32	11 746	80.43
	女	1 376	16.45	2 950	57.71	6 727	307.50	11 053	70.36
	合计	4 665	28.03	6 691	68.44	11 443	300.62	22 799	75.21

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表 3 2015-2019年云南省老年人非故意跌落发生场所及跌落死亡地点分布[n (%)]^a

Table 3. Distribution of accidental falling sites and death places among the elderly in Yunnan, 2015-2019 [n (%)]^a

类别	城市			农村			合计
类别	男	女	合计	男	女	合计	男	女	合计
非故意跌落发生场所
家	2 219(56.54)	2 698(67.05)	4 917(61.62)	4 458(57.24)	4 574(65.09)	9 032(60.97)	6 677(56.85)	7 272(65.80)	13 949(61.19)
居住地的公共设施	122(3.11)	150(3.73)	272(3.41)	296(3.80)	276(3.93)	572(3.86)	418(3.56)	426(3.85)	844(3.70)
公共场所	110(2.80)	75(1.86)	185(2.32)	208(2.67)	138(1.96)	346(2.34)	318(2.71)	213(1.93)	531(2.33)
工作场所	112(2.85)	46(1.14)	158(1.98)	340(4.37)	157(2.23)	497(3.35)	452(3.85)	203(1.84)	655(2.87)
其他特指场地	258(6.57)	180(4.47)	438(5.49)	490(6.29)	270(3.84)	760(5.13)	748(6.37)	450(4.07)	1 198(5.26)
其他	1 135(28.92)	875(21.74)	2 010(25.19)	1 996(25.63)	1 612(22.94)	3 608(24.35)	3 131(26.66)	2 487(22.50)	5 618(24.65)
非故意跌落死亡地点
家中	2 984(75.43)	3 445(85.61)	6 429(80.56)	6 420(82.43)	6 339(90.21)	12 759(86.12)	9 404(80.07)	9 784(88.53)	19 188(84.18)
医疗卫生机构	650(16.43)	413(10.26)	1 063(13.32)	555(7.13)	301(4.28)	856(5.78)	1 205(10.26)	714(6.46)	1 919(8.42)
来院途中	68(1.72)	42(1.04)	110(1.38)	209(2.68)	108(1.54)	317(2.14)	277(2.36)	150(1.36)	427(1.87)
养老服务机构	13(0.33)	34(0.84)	47(0.59)	18(0.23)	14(0.20)	32(0.22)	31(0.26)	48(0.43)	79(0.35)
其他场所	228(5.76)	85(2.11)	313(3.92)	565(7.25)	247(3.52)	812(5.48)	793(6.75)	332(3.00)	1 125(4.94)
不详	13(0.33)	5(0.12)	18(0.23)	21(0.27)	18(0.26)	39(0.26)	34(0.29)	23(0.21)	57(0.25)
注：^a根据ICD-10中死亡场所的划分标准，将所有死亡发生场所整理为以下6类，包括家、居住的公共设施、工作场所(原工业和建筑区域、农场)、公共场所(原学校、其他机构和公共管理区域、体育和运动区域、街道和公路、贸易和服务区域)、其他特指场地和其他(未说明、未特指)。

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