Association between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity among adolescents in Luzhou
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摘要:
目的 探讨泸州市青少年膳食模式与超重和肥胖的关系，为青少年的膳食干预提供理论依据。 方法 通过多阶段分层整群抽样，于泸州市抽取3 869名青少年作为调查对象；通过问卷调查收集调查对象的基本信息、膳食习惯，并通过膳食频率法获取调查对象近1年内摄取各种食物的频率以及每次的摄入量；采用因子分析法提取泸州市青少年的膳食模式，并通过多因素Logistic回归分析模型探讨青少年膳食模式与超重肥胖发生风险的相关性。 结果 泸州市青少年存在3种膳食模式，分别为蔬菜水果膳食模式，速食食品膳食模式以及主食肉类膳食模式。Logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示，在调整混杂因素后，与速食食品膳食模式高分组相比，随着分值的降低，肥胖发生的风险增加(中高分组OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.36~0.97, P=0.041；中低分组OR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.36~0.99, P=0.046)。 结论 青少年的膳食模式和肥胖之间有相关性，相关部门应加强健康教育和膳食干预，优化青少年膳食模式，促进青少年健康成长。 Abstract:Objective This study aimed to analyze the association between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity among adolescents in Luzhou City and providing a theoretical basis for adolescents' dietary intervention. Methods A total of 3 869 adolescents in Luzhou City were recruited by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. The basic information and dietary habits of the respondents was collected through questionnaire, and the frequency and amount of various food intakes by the respondents in the past year was obtained by diet frequency method. Factor analysis was used to extract the dietary patterns of adolescents in Luzhou. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the correlation between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity of adolescents. Results Three dietary patterns (vegetable-fruit dietary pattern, fast-food dietary pattern and staple-meat dietary pattern)were found among adolescents in Luzhou. The results of Logistic regressive model analysis showed that comparing with the highest score group of fast-food dietary pattern, the risk of obesity increases as the score decreasing after adjusting the confounding factors (the higher group OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.36-0.97, P=0.041; the lower group OR=0.60, 95% CI: 0.36-0.99, P=0.046). Conclusions There is a correlation between adolescents' dietary patterns and obesity. Health education and dietary interventions should be strengthened by relevant departments to optimize the dietary patterns of adolescents and promote them to grow healthily. -
Key words:
- Dietary pattern /
- Overweight /
- Obesity /
- Factor analysis
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表 1 调查对象超重肥胖的人口学特征比较[n(%)]
Table 1. The demographic characteristics of respondents [n(%)]
变量 合计 非超重肥胖 超重 肥胖 χ2值/H值 P值 性别 19.86 0.001 男 1 735(100.00) 1 474(84.96) 171(9.86) 90(5.19) 女 1 915(100.00) 1 708(89.19) 156(8.15) 51(2.66) 民族 1.63 0.443 汉族 3 510(100.00) 3 055(87.04) 318(9.06) 137(3.90) 其他民族 140(100.00) 127(90.71) 9(6.43) 4(2.86) 居住地 6.96 0.031 城区 804(100.00) 679(84.45) 86(10.70) 39(4.85) 乡镇 2 846(100.00) 2 503(87.95) 241(8.47) 102(3.58) 独生子女 6.57 0.038 独生 439(100.00) 366(83.37) 50(11.39) 23(5.24) 非独生 3 211(100.00) 2 816(87.70) 277(8.63) 118(3.67) 年级 3.43 0.180 初中 1 741(100.00) 1 509(86.67) 154(8.85) 78(4.48) 高中 1 909(100.00) 1 673(87.64) 173(9.06) 63(3.30) 父亲是否超重肥胖 22.88 ＜0.001 非超重肥胖 2 500(100.00) 2 221(88.84) 192(7.68) 87(3.48) 超重 915(100.00) 773(84.48) 105(11.48) 37(4.04) 肥胖 235(100.00) 188(80.00) 30(12.77) 17(7.23) 母亲是否超重肥胖 39.34 ＜0.001 非超重肥胖 2 702(100.00) 2 403(88.93) 210(7.77) 89(3.29) 超重 766(100.00) 642(83.81) 91(11.88) 33(4.31) 肥胖 182(100.00) 137(75.27) 26(14.29) 19(10.44) 
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表 2 膳食模式的食物因子载荷
Table 2. Food factor loading of dietary patterns
食物种类 膳食模式1(%) 膳食模式2(%) 膳食模式3(%) 水果类 0.70 0.06 0.04 奶类 0.55 0.17 0.02 蔬菜类 0.54 0.09 0.28 坚果类 0.52 0.21 0.19 豆类 0.47 0.41 0.15 蛋类 0.46 0.07 0.15 饮料类 0.21 0.75 0.07 小吃类 0.25 0.70 0.14 速食食品 0.04 0.69 0.02 肉类 0.15 0.09 0.78 主食类 0.08 0.02 0.76 海鲜类 0.10 0.37 0.48 方差贡献率(%) 16.40 16.32 13.49
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表 3 多因素Logistic回归分析模型自变量赋值情况
Table 3. Assignment of the independent variable of multivariate Logistic regression analysis model
变量 赋值 性别 男=1，女=2 独生子女 独生子女=1，非独生子女=2 父亲超重肥胖 非超重肥胖=1，超重=2，肥胖=3 母亲超重肥胖 非超重肥胖=1，超重=2，肥胖=3 膳食模式1 低分组=1，中低分组=2，中高分组=3，高分组=4 膳食模式2 低分组=1，中低分组=2，中高分组=3，高分组=4 膳食模式3 低分组=1，中低分组=2，中高分组=3，高分组=4
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表 4 青少年膳食模式和肥胖关系的多因素Logistic回归分析模型
Table 4. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis of the relationship between dietary patterns and obesity among adolescents
膳食模式 组别 模型1 a 模型2 b OR(95% CI)值 P值 OR(95% CI)值 P值 膳食模式1 T1 1.14(0.71~1.83) 0.563 1.07(0.66~1.72) 0.770 T2 0.95(0.58~1.54) 0.843 0.94(0.58~1.54) 0.820 T3 0.75(0.45~1.24) 0.267 0.75(0.45~1.24) 0.269 T4 c 1.00 1.00 膳食模式2 T1 0.68(0.44~1.08) 0.104 0.76(0.48~1.20) 0.241 T2 0.56(0.34~0.91) 0.021 0.60(0.36~0.99) 0.046 T3 0.55(0.34~0.91) 0.020 0.59(0.36~0.97) 0.041 T4 c 1.00 1.00 膳食模式3 T1 0.52(0.31~0.87) 0.013 0.65(0.38~1.10) 0.115 T2 0.73(0.45~1.17) 0.194 0.88(0.54~1.43) 0.627 T3 0.76(0.48~1.21) 0.259 0.85(0.53~1.35) 0.492 T4 c 1.00 1.00 注：a未校正任何因素；b校正了性别、独生子女、居住地、父亲和母亲超重肥胖；c对照组。
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