新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株的流行病学特征及其科学防控建议
doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.05.001
当前，全球进入了新冠疫情第四轮流行高峰期，本轮新增病例多以Omicron变异株感染为主，新增病例和无症状感染者呈现聚集性、点多、面广、频发的特点，疫情形势复杂严峻。本刊坚持“人民至上、生命至上”的抗疫理念，邀请北京大学公共卫生学院刘民教授以及清华大学万科公共卫生与健康学院梁万年教授对新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株的流行病学特征进行了详细的介绍，并对其科学防控提出了宝贵的建议。希望本文的及时出版能够为广大医务工作者提供Omicron变异株防控的相关知识，为抗击本轮疫情的胜利做出贡献。
详细信息
Epidemiologic features and scientific prevention and control advice of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant
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摘要: 目前全球COVID-19疫情仍处于大流行状态。南非于2021年11月24日首次向WHO报告了Omicron变异株感染病例，此后该变异株迅速传播至全球多个国家和地区，已成为当前全球流行的主要优势株。Omicron变异株与SARS-CoV-2野生株或其他变异株相比，具有所致疾病潜伏期短、代际间隔小、病毒传播快、无症状感染者比例高以及病死率低等特点。实践证明，中国坚持“人民至上、生命至上”的抗疫理念、“外防输入、内防反弹”的总策略、“动态清零”的总方针，目前所采取的综合防控措施能够有效应对Omicron变异株。建议现阶段坚持“动态清零”总方针，加强疫情境外输入风险管理、加快推进老年人群疫苗接种、加快特异性药物研发与上市以及提前做好医疗卫生资源储备等措施，为未来的防控决策与疫情应对做好充分准备。
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关键词:
- 新型冠状病毒 /
- Omicron变异株 /
- 流行病学特征 /
- 防控措施
Abstract: The current COVID-19 pandemic has taken the world by storm. Since the first case of the Omicron variant discovered in South Africa was reported to the WHO, the variant has rapidly spread to many countries and regions and has become the main dominant strain currently circulating globally. Compared with the SARS-CoV-2 wild strain or other variants, the Omicron variant has the characteristics of short incubation period, short series interval, fast virus transmission, high proportion of asymptomatic infections, and low case fatality rate. Practice has proved that China adheres to the anti-epidemic concept of "put people and life first", the general strategy of "guarding against imported cases and a rebound in indigenous cases", and the general policy of "dynamic zero-COVID", and the comprehensive prevention and control measures currently taken can effectively deal with Omicron variant. It is recommended to adhere to the general policy of dynamic zero-COVID at the present stage, strengthen the risk management of imported COVID-19 cases, accelerate the vaccination of the elderly, accelerate the development and marketing of specific drugs, and prepare medical and health resources in advance, so as to make full preparations for future prevention and control decisions and response to the epidemic. -
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