Behavior problems and relevant factors among children aged 3-6 years old in Anhui Province
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摘要:
目的 调查分析安徽省3~6岁儿童行为问题状况及相关因素，为儿童行为问题早期干预提供依据。 方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法，使用Conners父母用量表和一般情况调查表对9 541名，3~6岁幼儿园在园儿童的家长进行调查。采用χ2检验对3~6岁儿童行为问题检出率进行单因素分析，使用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析模型分析儿童行为问题的影响因素。 结果 3~6岁儿童行为问题检出率为14.3%，学习问题和心身问题是3~6岁儿童较突出的行为问题。多因素Logistic回归分析模型结果显示：男童、3~＜6岁、独生子女、近半年常与父母一方居住和睡眠不足是儿童行为问题发生的危险因素，近半年主要代养人为父母是其保护因素。 结论 安徽省3~6岁儿童行为问题较为多见。行为问题干预应从儿童早期进行，应重点关注男童、独生子女、隔代教养和留守儿童。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the prevalence of behavior problems and associated risk factors among children aged 3-6 years old, and to provide support for the early intervention of child behavior problems. Methods A total of 9 541 children aged 3-6 years were selected from the kindergartens by multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling in Anhui Province, and their parents were surveyed by Conners Parent Rating Scales and general information questionnaire. The χ2 test was used to analyze the detection rate of behavioral problems in children aged 3-6 years by univariate analysis, and the multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis model was used to analyze the influencing factors of behavioral problems in children. Results The prevalence of behavior problems was 14.3% among children aged 3-6 years old. Learning problems and psychosomatic disorder were the two prominent behavior problems. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that boys, aged 3- < 6 years, only child, living with one of their parents in the past six months, sleep deprivation were the risk factors associated with behavior problems. However, the primary caregivers were their parents was the protective factor. Conclusions The behavioral problems were common among children aged 3-6 years in Anhui Province. The intervention strategies should focus on boys, only child, the children raised by their grandparents/material grandparents and left-behind children. Behavior problem intervention should be carried out at the early stage. -
Key words:
- Children aged 3-6 /
- Behavior problems /
- Relevant factors
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表 1 安徽省3~6岁儿童行为问题检出率单因素分析结果(N=9 541)
Table 1. The results of univariate analysis of the prevalence of behavior problems among children aged 3-6 years in Anhui Province (N=9 541)
影响因素 合计 品行问题 学习问题 心身问题 冲动-多动 焦虑 多动 行为问题 例数(n) 检出率(%) 例数(n) 检出率(%) 例数(n) 检出率(%) 例数(n) 检出率(%) 例数(n) 检出率(%) 例数(n) 检出率(%) 例数(n) 检出率(%) χ2值 P值 地区 5.739 0.057 皖南 2 892 55 1.9 300 10.4 157 5.4 19 0.7 6 0.2 52 1.8 443 15.3 皖中 2 692 33 1.2 253 9.4 114 4.2 17 0.6 4 0.1 28 1.0 352 13.1 皖北 3 957 73 1.8 351 8.9 236 6.0 28 0.7 17 0.4 63 1.6 565 14.3 性别 277.696 < 0.001 男 5 123 75 1.5 729 14.2 369 7.2 49 1.0 9 0.2 109 2.1 1 014 19.8 女 4 418 86 1.9 175 4.0 138 3.1 15 0.3 18 0.4 34 0.8 346 7.8 年龄(岁) 33.245 < 0.001 3~＜4 1 660 23 1.4 141 8.5 92 5.5 8 0.5 1 0.1 21 1.3 220 13.3 4~＜5 2 748 50 1.8 252 9.2 158 5.7 14 0.5 10 0.4 37 1.3 401 14.6 5~＜6 3 150 50 1.6 354 11.2 208 6.6 18 0.6 12 0.4 48 1.5 522 16.6 6 1 983 38 1.9 157 7.9 49 2.5 24 1.2 4 0.2 37 1.9 217 10.9 独生子女 22.231 < 0.001 是 3 660 59 1.6 404 11.0 235 6.4 25 0.7 12 0.3 54 1.5 600 16.4 否 5 881 102 1.7 500 8.5 272 4.6 39 0.7 15 0.3 89 1.5 760 12.9 家庭人均月收入(元) 0.086 0.958 <3 000 2 439 47 1.9 243 10.0 128 5.2 15 0.6 10 0.4 32 1.3 352 14.4 3 000~＜5 000 3 449 58 1.7 326 9.5 185 5.4 20 0.6 12 0.3 44 1.3 490 14.2 ≥5 000 3 653 56 1.5 335 9.2 194 5.3 29 0.8 5 0.1 67 1.8 518 14.2 母亲文化程度 6.354 0.096 初中及以下 3 373 58 1.7 317 9.4 158 4.7 29 0.9 7 0.2 53 1.6 447 13.3 高中或中专 2 107 36 1.7 220 10.4 102 4.8 20 0.9 7 0.3 35 1.7 330 15.7 大专 2 111 36 1.7 201 9.5 115 5.4 11 0.5 8 0.4 37 1.8 399 14.2 本科及以上 1 950 31 1.6 166 8.5 132 6.8 4 0.2 5 0.3 18 0.9 284 14.6 父亲文化程度 1.418 0.701 初中及以下 2 918 50 1.7 281 9.6 141 4.8 19 0.7 6 0.2 47 1.6 401 13.7 高中或中专 2 367 43 1.8 243 10.3 108 4.6 27 1.1 5 0.2 42 1.8 348 14.7 大专 2 110 41 1.9 191 9.1 115 5.5 8 0.4 8 0.4 28 1.3 296 14.0 本科及以上 2 146 27 1.3 189 8.8 143 6.7 10 0.5 8 0.4 26 1.2 315 14.7 母亲职业 10.389 0.065 企事业工作人员 2 266 35 1.5 206 9.1 156 6.9 8 0.4 8 0.4 25 1.1 338 14.9 商业服务人员 2 113 34 1.6 210 9.9 104 4.9 12 0.6 5 0.2 28 1.3 307 14.5 工人 1 052 18 1.7 98 9.3 47 4.5 6 0.6 3 0.3 12 1.1 143 13.6 农民 914 16 1.8 74 8.1 38 4.2 5 0.5 3 0.3 11 1.2 106 11.6 家务 1 322 24 1.8 152 11.5 69 5.2 13 1.0 7 0.5 27 2.0 211 16.0 其他 1 874 34 1.8 164 8.8 93 5.0 20 1.1 1 0.1 40 2.1 255 13.6 父亲职业 8.580 0.127 企事业工作人员 2 355 36 1.5 214 9.1 154 6.5 16 0.7 9 0.4 32 1.4 348 14.8 商业服务人员 2 385 43 1.8 250 10.5 130 5.5 22 0.9 7 0.3 40 1.7 370 15.5 工人 1 741 27 1.6 167 9.6 78 4.5 7 0.4 4 0.2 19 1.1 234 13.4 农民 808 15 1.9 72 8.9 32 4.0 2 0.2 3 0.4 9 1.1 99 12.3 家务 19 0 0.0 3 15.8 1 5.3 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 4 21.1 其他 2 233 40 1.8 198 8.9 112 5.0 17 0.8 4 0.2 43 1.9 305 13.7 近半年主要代养人 17.291 < 0.001 父母 7 813 119 1.5 697 8.9 405 5.2 57 0.7 18 0.2 107 1.4 1 059 13.6 非父母 1 728 42 2.4 207 12.0 102 5.9 7 0.4 9 0.5 36 2.1 301 17.4 近半年与父母双方居住 10.243 0.001 是 8 149 124 1.5 742 9.1 420 5.2 55 0.7 20 0.2 116 1.4 1123 13.8 否 1 392 37 2.7 162 11.6 87 6.3 9 0.6 7 0.5 27 1.9 237 17.0 近半年与父母一方居住 10.326 0.001 是 679 18 2.7 82 12.1 49 7.2 4 0.6 1 0.1 13 1.9 125 18.4 否 8 862 143 1.6 822 9.3 458 5.2 60 0.7 26 0.3 130 1.5 1 235 13.9 近半年与祖辈居住 7.734 0.005 是 1 975 34 1.7 213 10.8 122 6.2 7 0.4 9 0.5 25 1.3 320 16.2 否 7 566 127 1.7 691 9.1 385 5.1 57 0.8 18 0.2 118 1.6 1 040 13.7 睡眠不足 31.457 < 0.001 是 2 811 73 2.6 332 11.8 165 5.9 28 1.0 11 0.4 64 2.3 488 17.4 否 6 730 88 1.3 572 8.5 342 5.1 36 0.5 16 0.2 79 1.2 872 13.0 
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表 2 安徽省3~6岁儿童行为问题检出率多因素Logistic回归分析结果(N=9 541)
Table 2. The results of Logistic regression analysis of the influencing factors on behavior problems among children aged 3-6 years in Anhui Province (N=9 541)
影响因素 β值 sx Wald χ2值 OR(95% CI)值 P值 影响因素 β值 sx Wald χ2值 OR(95% CI)值 P值 行为问题 性别 性别 女 1.000 女 1.000 男 0.871 0.102 72.267 2.389(1.954~2.920) < 0.001 男 1.061 0.066 255.403 2.891(2.538~3.293) < 0.001 年龄(岁) 年龄(岁) 6 1.000 6 1.000 3~＜4 0.850 0.182 21.862 2.340(1.638~3.34) < 0.001 3~＜4 0.345 0.105 10.743 1.412(1.149~1.735) 0.001 4~＜5 0.874 0.167 27.319 2.398(1.727~3.328) < 0.001 4~＜5 0.397 0.092 18.562 1.488(1.242~1.782) 0.001 5~＜6 1.026 0.162 40.018 2.790(2.030~3.834) < 0.001 5~＜6 0.502 0.088 32.588 1.653(1.391~1.964) < 0.001 独生子女 独生子女 否 1.000 否 1.000 是 0.300 0.093 10.286 1.350(1.124~1.621) 0.001 是 0.215 0.061 12.513 1.240(1.101~1.397) < 0.001 近半年常与父母一方居住 近半年主要代养人 否 1.000 非父母 1.000 是 0.340 0.158 4.638 1.405(1.031~1.914) 0.031 父母 -0.221 0.074 8.960 0.802(0.694~0.927) 0.003 冲动-多动 近半年常与父母一方居住 性别 否 1.000 女 1.000 是 0.284 0.107 7.073 1.329(1.078~1.638) 0.008 男 1.012 0.296 11.668 2.751(1.539~4.917) 0.001 睡眠不足 母亲文化程度 否 1.000 本科及以上 1.000 是 0.353 0.064 30.391 1.424(1.256~1.614) < 0.001 初中及以下 1.760 0.651 7.317 5.814(1.624~20.815) 0.007 品行问题 高中或中专 1.624 0.631 6.619 5.073(1.472~17.482) 0.010 近半年常与父母双方居住 大专 1.120 0.612 3.347 3.064(0.923~10.170) 0.067 否 1.000 睡眠不足 是 -0.550 0.190 8.377 0.577(0.398~0.837) 0.004 否 1.000 睡眠不足 是 0.617 0.254 5.909 1.853(1.127~3.047) 0.015 否 1.000 焦虑 是 0.689 0.160 18.536 1.992(1.456~2.726) < 0.001 性别 学习问题 男 1.000 性别 女 0.856 0.409 4.382 2.354(1.056~5.246) 0.036 女 1.000 近半年主要代养人 男 1.382 0.087 251.677 3.985(3.359~4.727) < 0.001 非父母 1.000 年龄(岁) 父母 -0.835 0.409 4.163 0.434(0.194~0.968) 0.041 6 1.000 多动 3~＜4 0.207 0.125 2.748 1.230(0.963~1.571) 0.097 性别 4~＜5 0.223 0.109 4.202 1.250(1.010~1.547) 0.040 女 1.000 5~＜6 0.407 0.102 15.810 1.502(1.229~1.836) < 0.001 男 1.036 0.198 27.393 2.818(1.912~4.154) < 0.001 独生子女 近半年主要代养人 否 1.000 非父母 1.000 是 0.223 0.072 9.516 1.250(1.085~1.440) 0.002 父母 -0.498 0.201 6.159 0.608(0.410~0.901) 0.013 近半年主要代养人 睡眠不足 非父母 1.000 否 1.000 父母 -0.270 0.086 9.758 0.763(0.644~0.904) 0.002 是 0.668 0.171 15.337 1.951(1.396~2.726) < 0.001 睡眠不足 母亲职业 否 1.000 企事业工作人员 1.000 是 0.356 0.076 21.987 1.427(1.230~1.656) < 0.001 商业服务人员 0.164 0.278 0.349 1.178(0.684~2.030) 0.555 心身问题 工人 -0.046 0.354 0.017 0.955(0.477~1.913) 0.896 地区 农民 0.193 0.365 0.278 1.212(0.592~2.481) 0.598 皖北 1.000 家务 0.774 0.284 7.405 2.168(1.242~3.785) 0.007 皖中 -0.182 0.108 2.849 0.833(0.674~1.030) 0.091 其他 0.742 0.258 8.260 2.099(1.266~3.481) 0.004 皖南 -0.341 0.118 8.313 0.711(0.564~0.897) 0.004
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