长工时作业和通勤时间对中国女护士月经异常的影响

蒋兆强; 于常艳; 靳明英; 刘爽; 陈俊斐; 冯玲芳; 李泳欣; 徐华东; 周坚红; 叶研; 梅良英; 俞文兰; 楼建林

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.08.005

长工时作业和通勤时间对中国女护士月经异常的影响

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.08.005

1.
310013 杭州，杭州医学院公共卫生学院职业健康研究室
2.
100050 北京，中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所
3.
310006 杭州，浙江大学医学院附属妇产科医院妇产科
4.
100013 北京，北京市疾病预防控制中心职业卫生所
5.
430079 武汉，湖北省疾病预防控制中心卫生监测所

基金项目:

全国妇联、国务院妇儿工委办公室、全总女职工委员会联合委托项目：妇女健康调查(生殖健康和心理健康)项目 FH20151101

杭州医学院基本科研业务费 KYYB202113

详细信息

通讯作者:
楼建林，E-mail：jianlinlou@163.com

中图分类号: R711.51
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-02
- 修回日期: 2022-06-16
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-23
- 刊出日期: 2022-08-10

Study on the effects of long working hours and commuting time on menstrual abnormalities among Chinese female nurses

1.
Occupational Health Research Office, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310013 China
2.
Institute of Occupational Health and Poisoning Control, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
3.
Department of Gynecology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
4.
Institute of Occupational Health, Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013, China
5.
Institute of Health Surveillance, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, China

Funds:

All China Women's Federation, the Office of the Women's And Children's Working Committee of the State Council, and the Women Workers' Committee of the All China Federation FH20151101

Basic Scientific Research Business Fee of Hangzhou Medical College KYYB202113

More Information

Corresponding author: LOU Jian-lin, E-mail: jianlinlou@163.com

摘要

摘要: 目的评价长工时作业和通勤时间对女护士月经状况的影响，为相关部门合理调配护士的工作时间提供依据。方法 2016年5月―2016年11月对中国8 904名女护士进行问卷调查，收集人口学、职业和月经状况数据，用二分类logistic回归分析模型分析长工时作业与通勤时间对月经异常的影响。结果女护士工作时间为(8.2±1.1)h、中位通勤时间为1.0(0.5, 1.0)h。月经异常率为41.0%。工作时间>8 h对女护士的月经异常各指标均有影响，其中对月经持续时间变化的影响最大(OR=1.651, 95% CI: 1.403~1.942, P < 0.001)。通勤时间>1 h对月经异常各指标均有影响，其中对月经持续时间变化的影响最大(OR=1.368, 95% CI: 1.178~1.588, P < 0.001)。结论长工时作业与通勤时间较长会导致女护士月经异常风险升高，是月经异常的影响因素。
- 长工时 /
- 通勤时间 /
- 护士 /
- 月经
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effects of long-time work and commuting time on the menstrual status of female nurses, and to provide a basis for relevant departments to reasonably allocate the working hours of nurses. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 8 904 female nurses in China from May to November 2016. Demographic, occupational and menstrual data were collected. The effects of long-time work and commuting time on menstrual abnormalities were analyzed by binary logistic regression models. Results The working time of female nurses was (8.2±1.1) h, and the median commuting time was 1.0 (0.5, 1.0) h; The abnormal rate of menstruation was 41.0%. Working time > 8 h had a significant impact on all indexes of menstrual abnormalities of female nurses, and had the greatest impact on the change of menstrual duration (OR=1.651, 95% CI: 1.403-1.942, P < 0.001). Commuting time > 1 h had a significant impact on all indicators of menstrual abnormalities, among which it had the greatest impact on the change of menstrual duration (OR=1.368, 95% CI: 1.178-1.588, P < 0.001). Conclusion Long working hours and long commuting time increase the risk of abnormal menstruation in female nurses, and it is the influencing factor of abnormal menstruation.
- Long working hours /
- Commuting time /
- Nurses /
- Menstruation

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表 1 不同工作时间和通勤时间的女护士的基本情况[n(%)]

Table 1. Basic information of female nurses with different working times and commuting time [n(%)]

指标	工作时间		t/Z值	P值	通勤时间		t/Z值	P值
指标	≤8 h(n=7 825)	>8 h(n=1 079)	t/Z值	P值	≤1 h(n=7 338)	>1 h(n=1 566)	t/Z值	P值
年龄(x±s, 岁)	31.3±7.6	32.0±7.2	-3.020 ^a	0.003	31.5±7.6	30.7±6.5	3.320 ^a	0.001
婚姻状况			3.140 ^b	0.208			8.856 ^b	0.012
未婚	2 299(29.4)	344(31.9)			2 227(30.4)	416(26.6)
已婚	5 380(68.7)	713(66.1)			4 974(67.8)	1 119(71.5)
离婚或丧偶	146(1.9)	22(2.0)			137(1.9)	31(2.0)
教育程度			10.877 ^b	0.001			5.572 ^b	0.018
大专以下	506(6.5)	42(3.9)			472(6.4)	76(4.9)
大专及以上	7 319(93.5)	1 037(96.1)			6 866(93.6)	1 490(95.1)
年收入水平(万)			34.724 ^b	< 0.001			158.583 ^b	< 0.001
< 1	1 003(12.8)	141(13.1)			966(13.2)	178(11.4)
1~ < 5	3 415(43.6)	391(36.2)			3 310(45.1)	496(31.7)
5~ < 10	2 470(31.6)	360(33.4)			2 254(30.7)	576(36.8)
≥10	937(12.0)	187(17.3)			808(11.0)	316(20.2)
吸烟史	55(0.7)	10(0.9)	0.656 ^a	0.418	54(0.7)	11(0.7)	0.020 ^a	0.888
饮酒史	176(2.3)	31(2.9)	1.625 ^a	0.202	171(2.3)	36(2.3)	0.006 ^a	0.940
生育史	4 587(58.6)	590(54.7)	6.047 ^a	0.014	4 273(58.2)	904(57.7)	0.135 ^b	0.713
注：^a表示采用独立样本t检验进行分析；^b表示采用秩和检验进行分析。

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表 2 不同工作作业和长通勤时间的月经异常率[n(%)]

Table 2. Abnormal menstrual rate of different work and long commuting time [n(%)]

指标	工作时间		χ²值	P值	通勤时间		χ²值	P值
指标	≤8 h	>8 h	χ²值	P值	≤1 h	>1 h	χ²值	P值
月经异常	3 112(39.8)	541(50.1)	42.138	< 0.001	2 933(40.0)	720(46.0)	19.248	< 0.001
周期紊乱	1 533(19.6)	306(28.4)	44.489	< 0.001	1 452(19.8)	387(24.7)	19.104	< 0.001
月经量异常	1 373(17.6)	271(25.1)	36.090	< 0.001	1 306(17.8)	338(21.6)	12.287	< 0.001
月经持续时间变化	579(7.4)	124(11.5)	21.843	< 0.001	548(7.5)	155(9.9)	10.478	0.001
痛经	1 055(13.5)	233(21.6)	50.427	< 0.001	1 008(13.7)	280(17.9)	17.906	< 0.001

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表 3 工作时间和通勤时间对女护士月经异常影响的多因素分析

Table 3. Multivariate analysis of the influence of working time and commuting time on menstrual abnormalities of female nurses

指标	工作时间			通勤时间
指标	OR (95% CI)值	χ²值	P值	OR (95% CI)值	χ²值	P值
月经异常	1.467(1.290~1.669)	33.983	< 0.001	1.243(1.112~1.389)	14.734	< 0.001
月经周期紊乱	1.547(1.330~1.799)	31.972	< 0.001	1.200(1.048~1.375)	6.930	0.001
月经量异常	1.541(1.333~1.782)	34.037	< 0.001	1.283(1.127~1.461)	14.139	< 0.001
月经持续时间变化	1.651(1.333~1.782)	36.531	< 0.001	1.368(1.178~1.588)	16.938	< 0.001
痛经	1.554(1.263~1.912)	17.372	< 0.001	1.308(1.083~1.580)	7.785	0.005
注：以年龄、婚姻状况、教育程度、收入水平、生育史、轮班为控制因素。

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指标	工作时间		t/Z值	P值	通勤时间		t/Z值	P值
指标	≤8 h(n=7 825)	>8 h(n=1 079)	t/Z值	P值	≤1 h(n=7 338)	>1 h(n=1 566)	t/Z值	P值
年龄(x±s, 岁)	31.3±7.6	32.0±7.2	-3.020 ^a	0.003	31.5±7.6	30.7±6.5	3.320 ^a	0.001
婚姻状况			3.140 ^b	0.208			8.856 ^b	0.012
未婚	2 299(29.4)	344(31.9)			2 227(30.4)	416(26.6)
已婚	5 380(68.7)	713(66.1)			4 974(67.8)	1 119(71.5)
离婚或丧偶	146(1.9)	22(2.0)			137(1.9)	31(2.0)
教育程度			10.877 ^b	0.001			5.572 ^b	0.018
大专以下	506(6.5)	42(3.9)			472(6.4)	76(4.9)
大专及以上	7 319(93.5)	1 037(96.1)			6 866(93.6)	1 490(95.1)
年收入水平(万)			34.724 ^b	< 0.001			158.583 ^b	< 0.001
< 1	1 003(12.8)	141(13.1)			966(13.2)	178(11.4)
1~ < 5	3 415(43.6)	391(36.2)			3 310(45.1)	496(31.7)
5~ < 10	2 470(31.6)	360(33.4)			2 254(30.7)	576(36.8)
≥10	937(12.0)	187(17.3)			808(11.0)	316(20.2)
吸烟史	55(0.7)	10(0.9)	0.656 ^a	0.418	54(0.7)	11(0.7)	0.020 ^a	0.888
饮酒史	176(2.3)	31(2.9)	1.625 ^a	0.202	171(2.3)	36(2.3)	0.006 ^a	0.940
生育史	4 587(58.6)	590(54.7)	6.047 ^a	0.014	4 273(58.2)	904(57.7)	0.135 ^b	0.713
注：^a表示采用独立样本t检验进行分析；^b表示采用秩和检验进行分析。

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长工时作业和通勤时间对中国女护士月经异常的影响

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.08.005

通讯作者:
楼建林，E-mail：jianlinlou@163.com

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Study on the effects of long working hours and commuting time on menstrual abnormalities among Chinese female nurses

Corresponding author: LOU Jian-lin, E-mail: jianlinlou@163.com

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长工时作业和通勤时间对中国女护士月经异常的影响

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2022.08.005

通讯作者: 楼建林，E-mail：jianlinlou@163.com

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出版历程

Study on the effects of long working hours and commuting time on menstrual abnormalities among Chinese female nurses

Corresponding author: LOU Jian-lin, E-mail: jianlinlou@163.com

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出版历程

目录

通讯作者:
楼建林，E-mail：jianlinlou@163.com