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2021年学生营养健康状况监测地区中小学生维生素A水平及影响因素

孙文鑫 徐培培 甘倩 许娟 杨媞媞 曹薇 王宏亮 罗瑞鹤 潘慧 王志芳 付一萌 张倩

孙文鑫, 徐培培, 甘倩, 许娟, 杨媞媞, 曹薇, 王宏亮, 罗瑞鹤, 潘慧, 王志芳, 付一萌, 张倩. 2021年学生营养健康状况监测地区中小学生维生素A水平及影响因素[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2024, 28(5): 523-529. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.05.005
引用本文: 孙文鑫, 徐培培, 甘倩, 许娟, 杨媞媞, 曹薇, 王宏亮, 罗瑞鹤, 潘慧, 王志芳, 付一萌, 张倩. 2021年学生营养健康状况监测地区中小学生维生素A水平及影响因素[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2024, 28(5): 523-529. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.05.005
SUN Wenxin, XU Peipei, GAN Qian, XU Juan, YANG Titi, CAO Wei, WANG Hongliang, LUO Ruihe, PAN Hui, WANG Zhifang, FU Yimeng, ZHANG Qian. Analysis of vitamin A level and its influencing factors among students in monitoring area of nutritional health status of students in 2021[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, 2024, 28(5): 523-529. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.05.005
Citation: SUN Wenxin, XU Peipei, GAN Qian, XU Juan, YANG Titi, CAO Wei, WANG Hongliang, LUO Ruihe, PAN Hui, WANG Zhifang, FU Yimeng, ZHANG Qian. Analysis of vitamin A level and its influencing factors among students in monitoring area of nutritional health status of students in 2021[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, 2024, 28(5): 523-529. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.05.005

2021年学生营养健康状况监测地区中小学生维生素A水平及影响因素

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.05.005
基金项目: 

中国疾病预防控制中心营养所公共卫生应急反应机制的运行项目 131031107000180006

详细信息
    通讯作者:

    张倩,E-mail: zhangqian7208@163.com

  • 中图分类号: R181

Analysis of vitamin A level and its influencing factors among students in monitoring area of nutritional health status of students in 2021

Funds: 

The Operation of Public Health Emergency Response Mechanisms of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention 131031107000180006

More Information
  • 摘要:   目的  分析2021年“农村义务教育学生营养改善计划”(简称“学生营养改善计划”)监测地区中小学生维生素A水平及影响因素。  方法  血清维生素A浓度0.2~0.3 μg/mL定义为维生素A边缘性缺乏,<0.2 μg/mL定义为维生素A缺乏,将维生素A边缘缺乏和缺乏合并为维生素A不足。对“学生营养改善计划”监测地区6~17岁中小学生开展问卷调查、体格检测和实验室检查,分析其维生素A水平及影响因素。  结果  45 702名中小学生维生素A的均值为0.37(0.31,0.44) μg/mL,维生素A边缘缺乏率为18.3%,缺乏率为1.0%。不同性别、年龄组、学校所在地的中小学生维生素A营养状况存在差异。多因素logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示6~<9岁年龄组(OR=3.892, 95% CI: 3.303~4.587, P<0.001)、学校位于农村(OR=1.148, 95% CI: 1.072~1.229, P<0.001)、父母一方及以上在外务工(OR=1.234, 95% CI: 1.153~1.321, P<0.001)、母亲文化程度在高中及以下(OR=1.169, 95% CI: 1.046~1.306, P=0.006)、无法保证每天都喝奶(OR=1.155, 95% CI: 1.075~1.240, P<0.001)、蔬菜摄入<4种/d(OR=1.081, 95% CI: 1.006~1.163, P=0.034)的中小学生维生素A不足的风险增加。  结论  2021年“学生营养改善计划”学生营养健康状况监测地区中小学生维生素A边缘缺乏率较高,且低年龄段儿童更易发生维生素A边缘缺乏或维生素A缺乏。母亲文化程度、奶类和蔬菜摄入情况等是维生素A缺乏的潜在影响因素,需社会予以关注和重视。
  • 表  1  2021年学生营养健康状况监测地区中小学生基本特征

    Table  1.   Basic characteristics of students in monitoring area of nutritional health status of students in 2021

    特征Feature 合计Total 男生Male 女生Female
    人数
    Number of people
    构成比/%
    Proportion/%
    人数
    Number of people
    构成比/%
    Proportion/%
    人数
    Number of people
    构成比/%
    Proportion/%
    合计Total 45 702 100.0 22 982 50.3 22 720 49.7
    年龄组/岁 Age group/years
      6~<9 7 892 17.3 3 938 17.2 3 954 17.4
      9~<12 15 179 33.3 7 597 33.1 7 582 33.4
      12~<15 15 340 33.6 7 701 33.6 7 639 33.7
      15~17 7 187 15.8 3 690 16.1 3 497 15.5
    地区 Area
      东部Eastern 8 354 18.4 4 196 18.4 4 158 18.5
      中部Central 13 962 30.8 7 066 31.0 6 896 30.6
      西部Western 23 015 50.8 11 533 50.6 11 482 51.9
    学校所在地 School location
      城市Urban 20 373 45.2 10 245 45.2 10 128 45.2
      农村Rural 24 736 54.8 12 438 54.8 12 298 54.8
    营养状况 Nutritional status
      生长迟缓Growth retardation 293 0.8 158 0.9 135 0.8
      消瘦Under weight 2 463 6.8 1 397 7.8 1 066 5.9
      正常Normal weight 25 055 69.6 11 626 64.8 13 429 74.3
      超重Overweight 4 678 13.0 2 625 14.6 2 053 11.4
      肥胖Obesity 3 530 9.8 2 145 11.9 1 385 7.6
    注:①部分数据缺失。
    Note: ① Partial data missing.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  2021年学生营养健康状况监测地区中小学生血清维生素A水平(μg/mL)

    Table  2.   Serum vitamin A level of students in monitoring area of nutritional health status of students in 2021 (μg/mL)

    特征Feature 合计
    Total
    男生
    Male
    女生
    Female
    Z
    value
    P
    value
    合计Total 0.37(0.31,0.44) 0.37(0.31,0.43) 0.37(0.32,0.44) 8.485 <0.001
    年龄组/岁Age group/years
      6~<9 0.34(0.29,0.40) 0.34(0.28,0.39) 0.34(0.29,0.40) -0.740 0.460
      9~<12 0.35(0.30,0.41) 0.35(0.30,0.41) 0.36(0.31,0.42) 3.984 <0.001
      12~<15 0.39(0.33,0.46) 0.38(0.32,0.45) 0.40(0.34,0.46) -3.020 0.003
      15~17 0.41(0.34,0.48) 0.41(0.35,0.49) 0.40(0.34,0.47) 2.580 0.010
      H值value 2 836.997 1 490.593 1 395.332
      P值value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
    地区Area
      东部Eastern 0.38(0.32,0.46) 0.49(0.38,0.54) 0.38(0.32,0.46) 1.505 0.133
      中部Central 0.36(0.31,0.43) 0.36(0.30,0.52) 0.36(0.31,0.43) 4.393 <0.001
      西部Western 0.37(0.31,0.44) 0.37(0.31,0.43) 0.38(0.32,0.44) 7.646 <0.001
      H值value 282.205 159.737 128.465
      P值value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
    学校所在地School location
      城市Urban 0.37(0.32,0.44) 0.37(0.31,0.44) 0.38(0.32,0.44) 4.390 <0.001
      农村Rural 0.36(0.31,0.44) 0.36(0.30,0.43) 0.37(0.31,0.44) 7.364 <0.001
      Z值value 7.892 47.533 4.198
      P值value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
    营养状况Nutritional status
      生长迟缓Growth retardation 0.34(0.29,0.41) 0.33(0.28,0.40) 0.33(0.28,0.40) 3.377 0.001
      消瘦Under weight 0.35(0.30,0.41) 0.35(0.30,0.41) 0.35(0.30,0.41) -0.284 0.780
      正常Normal weight 0.36(0.31,0.43) 0.36(0.30,0.42) 0.36(0.30,0.42) -10.691 <0.001
      超重Overweight 0.38(0.32,0.45) 0.38(0.32,0.45) 0.38(0.32,0.45) 1.208 0.227
      肥胖Obesity 0.39(0.33,0.45) 0.38(0.33,0.45) 0.38(0.33,0.45) 1.892 0.059
      H值value 437.337 308.882 181.072
      P值value <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
    注:①以M(P25P75)表示。
    Note: ① M(P25P75).
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  2021年学生营养健康状况监测地区中小学生血清维生素A缺乏情况

    Table  3.   Serum vitamin A deficiency of students in monitoring area of nutritional health status of students in 2021

    特征Feature 维生素A边缘型缺乏
    Marginal vitamin A deficiency
    维生素A缺乏
    Vitamin A deficiency
    维生素A不足
    Insufficient vitamin A
    人数(占比/%)
    Number of people (proportion/%)
    χ2
    value
    P
    value
    人数(占比/%)
    Number of people (proportion/%)
    χ2
    value
    P
    value
    人数(占比/%)
    Number of people (proportion/%)
    χ2
    value
    P
    value
    合计Total 8 361 (18.3) 461 (1.0) 8 822 (19.3)
    性别Gender 58.468 <0.001 4.311 0.038 62.574 <0.001
      男Male 4 516 (19.7) 254 (1.1) 4 770 (20.8)
      女Female 3 845 (16.9) 207 (0.9) 4 052 (17.8)
    年龄组/岁 Age group/years 1 247.270 <0.001 92.311 <0.001 1 333.684 <0.001
      6~<9 2 190 (27.8) 134 (1.7) 2 324 (29.4)
      9~<12 3 389 (22.3) 196 (1.3) 3 585 (23.6)
      12~<15 2 007 (13.1) 94 (0.6) 2 101 (13.7)
      15~17 752 (10.5) 36 (0.5) 788 (11.0)
    地区 Area 92.942 <0.001 11.403 0.003 92.633 <0.001
      东部Eastern 1 283 (15.4) 62 (0.7) 1 345 (16.1)
      中部Central 2 856 (20.5) 125 (0.9) 2 981 (21.4)
      西部Western 4 167 (18.1) 261 (1.1) 4 428 (19.2)
    学校所在地 School location 79.239 <0.001 24.186 <0.001 94.465 <0.001
      城市Urban 3 390 (16.6) 150 (0.7) 3 540 (17.4)
      农村Rural 4 901 (19.8) 296 (1.2) 5 197 (21.0)
    营养状况 Nutritional status 223.503 <0.001 6.756 0.149 228.456 <0.001
      生长迟缓Growth retardation 77 (26.3) 4 (1.4) 81 (27.6)
      消瘦Under weight 622 (25.3) 28 (1.1) 650 (26.4)
      正常Normal weight 5 013 (20.0) 278 (1.1) 5 291 (21.1)
      超重Overweight 686 (14.7) 43 (0.9) 729 (15.6)
      肥胖Obesity 470 (13.3) 24 (0.7) 494 (14.0)
    注:①部分数据缺失。
    Note: ① Partial data missing.
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  维生素A不足影响因素的多因素logistic回归分析

    Table  4.   Multivariate logistic regression analysis of influencing factors of vitamin A deficiency

    因素Factors β
    value
    sx Wald χ2
    value
    OR值value (95% CI) P
    value
    性别Gender
      男Male 1.000
      女Female -0.268 0.034 63.841 0.765(0.716~0.817) <0.001
    年龄组/岁Age group/years
      15~17 1.000
      6~<9 1.359 0.083 263.248 3.892(3.303~4.587) <0.001
      9~<12 1.005 0.053 356.968 2.733(2.462~3.033) <0.001
      12~<15 0.290 0.055 27.926 1.336(1.200~1.488) <0.001
    地区Area
      东部Eastern 1.000
      中部Central 0.286 0.051 31.031 1.331(1.204~1.472) <0.001
      西部Western 0.249 0.049 26.438 1.283(1.167~1.411) <0.001
    学校所在地School location
      城市Urban 1.000
      农村Rural 0.138 0.035 15.754 1.148(1.072~1.229) <0.001
    营养状况Nutritional status
      生长迟缓Growth retardation 1.000
      消瘦Under weight 0.087 0.168 0.268 1.091(0.784~1.519) 0.605
      正常Normal weight 0.255 0.060 17.885 1.291(1.147~1.453) <0.001
      超重Overweight -0.452 0.056 64.867 0.636(0.570~0.710) <0.001
      肥胖Obesity -0.727 0.067 116.126 0.483(0.424~0.552) <0.001
    父母在外务工情况Parents working outside
      双方均未在外务工Neither 1.000
      一方及以上在外务工One or more 0.211 0.035 36.845 1.234(1.153~1.321) <0.001
    母亲文化程度Maternal education
      大专及以上Junior college or above 1.000
      高中及以下High school and below 0.156 0.057 7.612 1.169(1.046~1.306) 0.006
    奶类摄入情况Frequency of milk intake
      每天1次及以上Once or more per day 1.000
      无法保证每天都喝Less than once a day 0.144 0.040 15.680 1.155(1.075~1.240) <0.001
    蔬菜摄入情况/(种·d-1) Vegetable intake /(kinds·d-1)
      ≥4 1.000
      <4 0.078 0.040 4.475 1.081(1.006~1.163) 0.034
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-06-15
  • 修回日期:  2023-09-20
  • 网络出版日期:  2024-06-05
  • 刊出日期:  2024-05-10

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