中青年群体流感疫苗知信行水平及接种驱动因素调查

周思佳; 陈紫颖; 江欣; 刘文; 马宇航; 王凯; 胡建利; 彭志行

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.05.008

中青年群体流感疫苗知信行水平及接种驱动因素调查

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.05.008

周思佳¹,
陈紫颖²,
江欣¹,
刘文¹,
马宇航¹,
王凯¹,
胡建利³,
彭志行^{1, 4, ,}

1.
南京医科大学公共卫生学院生物统计学系，南京 211166
2.
南京医科大学公共卫生学院流行病学系，南京 211166
3.
江苏省疾病预防控制中心急性传染病防制所，南京 210009
4.
中国疾病预防控制中心传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室，北京 102206

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金 82320108018

国家重点研发计划 2023YFC2306004

中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目 2021-I2M-1-044

详细信息

通讯作者:
彭志行，E-mail: zhihangpeng@njmu.edu.cn

中图分类号: R186
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-16
- 修回日期: 2024-03-15
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-05
- 刊出日期: 2024-05-10

Investigation on the level of knowledge-attitude-practice and driving factors of vaccination of influenza among young and middle-aged population

1.
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
2.
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
3.
Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Institute, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China
4.
National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 82320108018

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFC2306004

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences 2021-I2M-1-044

More Information

Corresponding author: PENG Zhihang, E-mail: zhihangpeng@njmu.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的了解中青年群体流感疫苗知信行水平、疫苗接种现状和接种意愿，并探究其影响因素，帮助推进疫苗接种工作。方法 2023年5―8月，采取多阶段分层抽样方法从南昌市、长沙市及昆明市常住居民中抽取4 895人进行问卷调查。采用多因素logistic回归分析流感疫苗知信行水平的影响因素和驱动因素。结果中青年群体对于流感疫苗的认知和态度一般，接种水平较低。流感疫苗知信行水平在不同性别、受教育程度、职业、年收入、是否患基础疾病、吸烟和饮酒间的差异均具有统计学意义(均P＜0.05)。多因素分析结果显示部分职业(均P＜0.05)、患基础疾病(OR=1.309, 95% CI: 1.073~1.597，P=0.008)、良好的认知(OR=1.574, 95% CI: 1.322~1.874, P＜0.001)和良好的态度(OR=2.379, 95% CI: 1.616~3.502, P＜0.001)是流感疫苗接种行为的促进因素。流感季情况严重、担心感染后影响家人和同事、疫苗免费/优惠和政府及卫生当局建议接种是导致中青年群体流感疫苗接种意愿改变的主要因素。结论中青年群体对于流感疫苗的知信行水平较低，应加强对流感疫苗相关知识的宣传科普工作。通过分层次、分阶段实施接种优惠政策，完善基层接种服务人员激励机制，鼓励临床医师开具疫苗处方等多项举措促进疫苗接种。
- 流感疫苗 /
- 中青年 /
- 知信行 /
- 影响因素 /
- 驱动因素
Abstract: Objective To understand the knowledge, attitude and practice level of influenza vaccine among young and middle-aged groups, as well as their vaccination status and intention, and to explore related influencing factors to help promote vaccination. Methods From May to August 2023, 4 895 permanent residents in Nanchang, Changsha, and Kunming were selected by multi-stage random sampling to complete a questionnaire survey. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing and driving factors of KAP level of influenza vaccine. Results The knowledge and attitude towards influenza vaccine among young and middle-aged people were average, and the level of vaccination was relatively low. In addition, there were statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in the KAP level among gender, education level, occupation, annual income, whether suffering from underlying diseases, smoking, and alcohol consumption. The results of multivariate analysis showed that partial occupation (all P < 0.05), having underlying diseases (OR=1.309, 95% CI: 1.073-1.597, P=0.008), good cognition (OR=1.574, 95% CI: 1.322-1.874, P < 0.001), and good attitudes (OR=2.379, 95% CI: 1.616-3.502, P < 0.001) were promoting factors of vaccination. Severe influenza season conditions, fear of infection affecting family and colleagues, free or discounted vaccines, and vaccination recommendation from government and health authorities were the main factors contributing to the change in vaccination intentions among the young and middle-aged population. Conclusions The KAP level of influenza vaccine in young and middle-aged people is low, so the popularization of influenza vaccine related knowledge should be strengthened. Vaccine uptake can be promoted through various measures, including the implementing preferential vaccination policies at different levels and phases, improving incentives for grassroots vaccination service personnel, and encouraging clinical doctors to prescribe vaccines.
- Influenza vaccine /
- Young and middle-aged groups /
- Knowledge-attitude-practice /
- Influencing factor /
- Driving factors

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表 1 不同特征人群流感疫苗知信行情况

Table 1. Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of influenza vaccine in populations with different characteristics

变量Variable	调查人数 Number of subjects	及格人数 Number of passing	频率/% Frequency /%	χ²值 value	P值 value
性别Gender				15.318	＜0.001
男Male	1 189	469	39.44
女Female	3 706	1 702	45.93
年龄组/岁Age group/years				0.036	0.850
19~＜45	4 482	1 986	44.31
45~＜60	413	185	44.79
受教育程度Education level				254.150	＜0.001
小学及以下Primary school and below	287	70	24.39
初中Junior high school	1 108	336	30.32
高中High school	1 119	452	40.39
本科Undergraduate	2 108	1 160	55.03
硕士研究生及以上Master and above	2 73	153	56.04
职业Career				169.660	＜0.001
办事人员和有关人员Office workers and related personnel	357	207	57.98
农、林、牧、渔业生产人员 Agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery production personnel	503	159	31.61
社会生产服务和生活服务人员 Social production and life service personnel	946	387	40.91
生产运输设备操作及有关人员 Production and transportation equipment operation and related personnel	437	146	33.41
专业技术人员Specialized technical personnel	820	492	60.00
学生Student	23	11	47.83
其他Other	1 809	769	42.51
年收入/万元Annual income/10 000 yuan				167.061	＜0.001
≤1	610	165	27.05
＞1~5	1 168	448	38.36
＞5~10	1 032	443	42.93
＞10~15	649	331	51.00
＞15~20	623	334	53.61
＞20~40	550	314	57.09
＞40	263	136	51.71
患基础疾病Having underlying diseases				14.583	＜0.001
否No	4 367	1 978	45.29
是Yes	528	193	36.55
吸烟/(支·d^-1) Smoking/ (cigarettes·d^-1)				13.267	0.004
0	4 443	2 005	45.13
＞0~＜10	241	95	39.42
10~＜20	191	64	33.51
＞20	20	7	35.00
饮酒Drinking				20.705	0.001
基本不饮酒Hardly	4 116	1 850	44.95
几个月1次Every few months	262	107	40.84
1个月1次Once a month	182	83	45.60
1周1次Once a week	184	88	47.83
2~3天1次Every two or three days	116	37	31.90
每天Everyday	35	6	17.14

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表 2 流感疫苗知信行情况的多因素logistic回归分析

Table 2. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of influenza vaccine

自变量 Independent variable	比较组 Comparison group	参照组 Reference group	β值 value	s_x	Wald χ²值value	P值 value	OR值value (95% CI)
性别Gender	女Female	男Male	0.163	0.080	4.188	0.041	1.177(1.007~1.375)
受教育程度 Education level	初中Junior high school	小学及以下Primary school and below	0.245	0.155	2.487	0.115	1.277(0.942~1.732)
	高中High school		0.605	0.158	14.633	＜0.001	1.832(1.343~2.498)
	本科Undergraduate		0.968	0.161	36.115	＜0.001	2.633(1.920~3.610)
	硕士研究生及以上Master and above		0.839	0.211	15.861	＜0.001	2.315(1.532~3.499)
职业Career	办事人员和有关人员Office workers and related personnel	其他Other	0.250	0.128	3.797	0.051	1.284(0.999~1.651)
	农、林、牧、渔业生产人员 Agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery production personnel		0.042	0.118	0.127	0.721	1.043(0.828~1.315)
	社会生产服务和生活服务人员 Social production and life service personnel		-0.093	0.084	1.215	0.270	0.911(0.772~1.075)
	生产运输设备操作及有关人员 Production and transportation equipment operation and related personnel		-0.128	0.119	1.150	0.284	0.880(0.696~1.112)
	专业技术人员Specialized technical personnel		0.330	0.097	11.520	0.001	1.390(1.149~1.682)
	学生Student		0.218	0.437	0.248	0.619	1.243(0.528~2.927)
年收入/万元Annual income/10 000 yuan	＞1~5	≤1	0.469	0.112	17.567	＜0.001	1.598(1.284~1.990)
	＞5~10		0.417	0.117	12.762	＜0.001	1.518(1.207~1.908)
	＞10~15		0.666	0.129	26.746	＜0.001	1.946(1.512~2.504)
	＞15~20		0.632	0.132	22.833	＜0.001	1.881(1.452~2.438)
	＞20~40		0.721	0.139	26.755	＜0.001	2.056(1.564~2.701)
	＞40		0.537	0.165	10.515	0.001	1.710(1.237~2.366)
患基础疾病 Having underlying diseases	是Yes	否No	-0.220	0.100	4.831	0.028	0.803(0.660~0.976)
饮酒Drinking	几个月1次Every few months	基本不饮酒Hardly	-0.247	0.135	3.342	0.068	0.781(0.600~1.018)
	1个月1次Once a month		-0.041	0.161	0.063	0.801	0.960(0.700~1.317)
	1周1次Once a week		0.119	0.163	0.528	0.467	1.126(0.818~1.550)
	2~3 d 1次Every two or three days		-0.415	0.214	3.747	0.053	0.661(0.434~1.005)
	每天Everyday		-0.983	0.459	4.582	0.032	0.374(0.152~0.920)

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表 3 不同特征人群流感疫苗接种情况

Table 3. Influenza vaccination coverage in populations with different characteristics

变量Variable	调查人数 Number of subjects	及格人数 Number of passing	频率/% Frequency /%	χ²值 value	P值 value
性别Gender				1.432	0.232
男Male	1 189	341	28.68
女Female	3 706	997	26.90
年龄组/岁Age group/years				2.651	0.103
19~＜45	4 482	1 211	27.02
45~＜60	413	127	30.75
受教育程度Education level				9.190	0.057
小学及以下Primary school and below	287	89	31.01
初中Junior high school	1 108	303	27.35
高中High school	1 119	272	24.31
本科Undergraduate	2 108	590	27.99
硕士研究生及以上Master and above	273	84	30.77
职业Career				40.691	＜0.001
办事人员和有关人员Office workers and related personnel	357	90	25.21
农、林、牧、渔业生产人员Agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery production personnel	503	161	32.01
社会生产服务和生活服务人员Social production and life service personnel	946	259	27.38
生产运输设备操作及有关人员Production and transportation equipment operation and related personnel	437	120	27.46
专业技术人员Specialized technical personnel	820	274	33.41
学生Student	23	11	47.83
其他Other	1 809	423	23.38
年收入/万元Annual income/10 000 yuan				7.568	0.271
≤1	610	187	30.66
＞1~5	1 168	320	27.40
＞5~10	1 032	263	25.48
＞10~15	649	168	25.89
＞15~20	623	172	27.61
＞20~40	550	147	26.72
＞40	263	81	30.80
患基础疾病Having underlying diseases				5.496	0.019
否No	4 367	1 171	26.81
是Yes	528	167	31.63
吸烟/(支·d^-1) Smoking/ (cigarettes·d^-1)				15.891	0.001
0	4 443	1 196	26.92
0~＜10	241	87	36.10
10~＜20	191	49	25.65
≥20	20	6	30.00
饮酒Drinking				4.878	0.431
基本不饮酒Hardly	4 116	1 125	27.33
几个月1次Every few months	262	81	30.92
1个月1次Once a month	182	48	26.37
1周1次Once a week	184	47	25.54
2~3 d 1次Every two or three days	116	25	21.55
每天Everyday	35	12	34.29
认知Acknowledge				32.287	＜0.001
较差Poor	1 771	428	24.17
一般Average	2 015	536	26.60
良好Good	1 109	374	33.72
态度Attitude				29.649	＜0.001
较差Poor	3 800	988	26.05
一般Average	985	298	30.25
良好Good	110	52	47.27

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表 4 流感疫苗接种情况的多因素logistic回归分析

Table 4. Multivariate logistic regression analysis of influenza vaccination status

自变量 Independent variable	比较组 Comparison group	参照组 Reference group	β值 value	s_x	Wald χ²值value	OR值value (95% CI)	P值 value
职业Career	办事人员和有关人员 Office workers and related personnel	其他Other	0.022	0.136	0.027	1.002(0.784~1.334)	0.870
	农、林、牧、渔业生产人员 Agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery production personnel		0.485	0.112	18.601	1.624(1.303~2.025)	＜0.001
	社会生产服务和生活服务人员 Social production and life service personnel		0.239	0.092	6.734	1.271(1.060~1.523)	0.009
	生产运输设备操作及有关人员 Production and transportation equipment operation and related personnel		0.241	0.122	3.912	1.272(1.002~1.616)	0.048
	专业技术人员Specialized technical personnel		0.391	0.095	16.962	1.478(1.227~1.781)	＜0.001
	学生Student		1.094	0.426	6.604	2.987(1.297~6.882)	0.010
患基础疾病 Having underlying diseases	是Yes	否No	0.269	0.102	7.024	1.309(1.073~1.597)	0.008
认知Acknowledge	一般Average	较差Poor	0.138	0.077	3.203	1.148(0.987~1.335)	0.073
	良好Good		0.454	0.089	25.968	1.574(1.322~1.874)	＜0.001
态度Attitude	一般Average	较差Poor	0.196	0.080	6.064	1.217(1.041~1.423)	0.014
	良好Good		0.867	0.197	19.298	2.379(1.616~3.502)	＜0.001

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[21]	杨弦弦, 丁贤彬, 唐文革, 等. 重庆市65岁以上老年人流感疫苗接种意愿及其影响因素分析[J]. 重庆医学, 2021, 50(8): 1389-1393. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2021.08.028. Yang XX, Ding XB, Tang WG, et al. Willingness of influenza vaccination among elderly residents over 65 years old in Chongqing Municipality and its influence factors analysis[J]. Chongqing Med J, 2021, 50(8): 1389-1393. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2021.08.028.
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变量Variable	调查人数 Number of subjects	及格人数 Number of passing	频率/% Frequency /%	χ²值 value	P值 value
性别Gender				15.318	＜0.001
男Male	1 189	469	39.44
女Female	3 706	1 702	45.93
年龄组/岁Age group/years				0.036	0.850
19~＜45	4 482	1 986	44.31
45~＜60	413	185	44.79
受教育程度Education level				254.150	＜0.001
小学及以下Primary school and below	287	70	24.39
初中Junior high school	1 108	336	30.32
高中High school	1 119	452	40.39
本科Undergraduate	2 108	1 160	55.03
硕士研究生及以上Master and above	2 73	153	56.04
职业Career				169.660	＜0.001
办事人员和有关人员Office workers and related personnel	357	207	57.98
农、林、牧、渔业生产人员 Agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery production personnel	503	159	31.61
社会生产服务和生活服务人员 Social production and life service personnel	946	387	40.91
生产运输设备操作及有关人员 Production and transportation equipment operation and related personnel	437	146	33.41
专业技术人员Specialized technical personnel	820	492	60.00
学生Student	23	11	47.83
其他Other	1 809	769	42.51
年收入/万元Annual income/10 000 yuan				167.061	＜0.001
≤1	610	165	27.05
＞1~5	1 168	448	38.36
＞5~10	1 032	443	42.93
＞10~15	649	331	51.00
＞15~20	623	334	53.61
＞20~40	550	314	57.09
＞40	263	136	51.71
患基础疾病Having underlying diseases				14.583	＜0.001
否No	4 367	1 978	45.29
是Yes	528	193	36.55
吸烟/(支·d^-1) Smoking/ (cigarettes·d^-1)				13.267	0.004
0	4 443	2 005	45.13
＞0~＜10	241	95	39.42
10~＜20	191	64	33.51
＞20	20	7	35.00
饮酒Drinking				20.705	0.001
基本不饮酒Hardly	4 116	1 850	44.95
几个月1次Every few months	262	107	40.84
1个月1次Once a month	182	83	45.60
1周1次Once a week	184	88	47.83
2~3天1次Every two or three days	116	37	31.90
每天Everyday	35	6	17.14

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中青年群体流感疫苗知信行水平及接种驱动因素调查

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.05.008

通讯作者:
彭志行，E-mail: zhihangpeng@njmu.edu.cn

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Investigation on the level of knowledge-attitude-practice and driving factors of vaccination of influenza among young and middle-aged population

Corresponding author: PENG Zhihang, E-mail: zhihangpeng@njmu.edu.cn

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留言板

中青年群体流感疫苗知信行水平及接种驱动因素调查

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.05.008

通讯作者: 彭志行，E-mail: zhihangpeng@njmu.edu.cn

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出版历程

Investigation on the level of knowledge-attitude-practice and driving factors of vaccination of influenza among young and middle-aged population

Corresponding author: PENG Zhihang, E-mail: zhihangpeng@njmu.edu.cn

计量

出版历程

目录

通讯作者:
彭志行，E-mail: zhihangpeng@njmu.edu.cn