2018—2022年青岛市流行性感冒流行特征分析

李金儒; 高钰; 张婧菲; 卢学昭; 贾静

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.06.006

2018—2022年青岛市流行性感冒流行特征分析

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.06.006

青岛市疾病预防控制中心传染病防制所，青岛 266033

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划 2023YFC3041500

详细信息

通讯作者:
贾静，E-mail：sdjiajing_1986@163.com

中图分类号: R511.7
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-08
- 修回日期: 2024-05-16
- 网络出版日期: 2024-07-13
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-10

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Qingdao City, 2018-2022

Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Institute, Qingdao Municipal Center For Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao 266033, China

Funds:

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2023YFC3041500

More Information

Corresponding author: JIA Jing, E-mail: sdjiajing_1986@163.com

摘要

摘要: 目的分析青岛市2018—2022年流行性感冒(简称流感)样病例的流行病学特征和病原学特征，总结青岛市流感的流行规律，为流感的防控提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2018—2022年青岛市流感流行特征进行分析，采用Excel 2019软件和SPSS 21.0软件对数据进行整理和分析。结果 2018—2022年青岛市共报告流感样病例(influenza-like illness, ILI)292 912例，门急诊病例3 427 961例，年均ILI占比为8.54%。不同年度ILI%的差异有统计学意义(χ²=10 565.926, P＜0.001)。ILI中0~＜5岁年龄组占比最高(49.22%)，15~＜25岁年龄组占比最低(5.80%)。流感流行有季节性，发病高峰期主要在冬春季，2021年后出现夏季波动。2018—2022年共对11 437份样本进行核酸检测，其中1 206份样本结果为阳性，阳性检出率为10.54%。其中，5~＜15岁年龄组流感病毒阳性检出率最高(13.73%)，不同年龄组流感病毒阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(χ²=60.599, P＜0.001)。青岛市流感流行毒株主要为季节性H3N2(简称季节性H3)、新甲型H1N1(简称新甲H1)和乙型流感病毒Victoria系(简称Victoria)，每年优势株存在差异。结论根据青岛市流感流行状况，在冬春季流感流行季前做好监测预警等防控措施，同时还需加强青岛市夏季流感的监测，及时调整流感防控策略。
- 流行性感冒 /
- 流行病学特征 /
- 病原学监测
Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of influenza in Qingdao City from 2018 to 2022 and to summarize the epidemic patterns. The findings will provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Qingdao City from 2018 to 2022. Excel 2019 software and SPSS 21.0 software were utilized for organizing and analyzing the data. Results From 2018 to 2022, a total of 292 912 influenza-like illness (ILI) cases were reported in Qingdao City, and the average ILI% was 8.54%. There was a statistically significant difference in ILI% between years (χ²=10 565.926, P<0.001). The proportion of ILI in the 0-<5 age group was the highest (49.22%), while the proportion in the 15-<25 age group was the lowest (5.80%). The influenza epidemic exhibits high seasonality, with the peak occurring in winter and spring, and fluctuating in summer after 2021. A total of 11 437 swab samples were tested, of which 1 206 samples tested positive for nucleic acid, resulting in a positive rate of 10.54%. The age group of 5-14 years had the highest positive rate of influenza virus (13.73%), followed by the 25-<60 age group (10.96%). The positive rate of the influenza virus varied significantly among different age groups (χ²=60.599, P<0.001). In Qingdao City, the predominant influenza strains included seasonal H3, new A H1 and B Victoria lineage viruses, with the dominant strains varying from year to year. Conclusions Based on the influenza epidemic situation in Qingdao City, it is recommended to implement prevention and control measures, such as surveillance and early warning, before the winter and spring seasons. Meanwhile, surveillance of influenza during the summer should be intensified, and prevention and control strategies should be promptly adjusted.
- Influenza /
- Epidemiological characteristics /
- Pathogen monitoring

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图 1 2018—2022年青岛市流感样病例年龄分布

Figure 1. Age distribution of influenza-like illness in Qingdao City from 2018 to 2022

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图 2 2018—2022年青岛市流感哨点医院流感样病例就诊情况

Figure 2. Influenza-like illness visits at influenza sentinel hospitals in Qingdao City from 2018 to 2022

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图 3 2018—2022年青岛市流感阳性样本季节分布

Yamagata：乙型流感病毒Yamagata系；Victoria：乙型流感病毒Victoria系。

Figure 3. Seasonal distribution of influenza-positive specimens in Qingdao City from 2018 to 2022

Yamagata: influenza B virus Yamagata lineage; Victoria: influenza B virus Victoria lineage.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 2018—2022年青岛市流感样病例年龄分布

Table 1. Age distribution of influenza-like illness in Qingdao City from 2018 to 2022

年度 Year	ILI例数 Number of ILI	门急诊病例总数 Number of outpatient and emergency cases	ILI百分比/% Proportion of ILI/%	年龄组/岁 ^① Age group/years ^①
年度 Year	ILI例数 Number of ILI	门急诊病例总数 Number of outpatient and emergency cases	ILI百分比/% Proportion of ILI/%	0~＜5	5~＜15	15~＜25	25~＜60	≥60
2018	78 717	717 850	10.97	51 399(65.30)	23 557(29.93)	809(1.03)	1 829(2.32)	1 123(1.42)
2019	55 051	708 269	7.77	28 947(52.58)	21 768(39.54)	1 027(1.87)	1 958(3.56)	1 351(2.45)
2020	34 059	442 463	7.70	13 603(39.94)	8 844(25.97)	3 118(9.15)	5 171(15.18)	3 323(9.76)
2021	61 963	902 965	6.86	27 568(44.49)	18 508(29.87)	4 700(7.59)	6 370(10.28)	4 817(7.77)
2022	63 122	656 414	9.62	22 643(35.87)	15 774(24.99)	7 336(11.62)	10 466(16.58)	6 903(10.94)
合计Total	292 912	3 427 961	8.54	144 160(49.22)	88 451(30.20)	16 990(5.80)	25 794(8.80)	17 517(5.98)
注：ILI, 流感样病例。 ①以人数(占比/%)表示。 Note: ILI, influenza-like illness. ① Number of people (proportion/%).

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表 2 2018—2022年青岛市流感病毒阳性检出率及分型分布

Table 2. Positive detection rate and different types of influenza viruses in Qingdao City from 2018 to 2022

变量 Variable	标本数 Number of samples	阳性数 Number of positive samples	阳性率/% Positive rate/%	流感分型 ^① Influenza viruses subtype ^①
变量 Variable	标本数 Number of samples	阳性数 Number of positive samples	阳性率/% Positive rate/%	季节性H3N2 Seasonal H3N2	新甲型H1N1 New A H1N1	Yamagata	Victoria
年份Year
2018	1 937	249	12.85	5(2.01)	157(63.05)	86(34.54)	1(0.40)
2019	1 984	339	17.09	113(33.33)	156(46.02)	0(0)	70(20.65)
2020	3 208	157	4.89	107(68.15)	6(3.82)	0(0)	44(28.03)
2021	1 943	106	5.46	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	106(100.00)
2022	2 365	355	15.01	151(42.54)	0(0)	0(0)	204(57.46)
年龄组/岁Age group/years
0~＜5	4 385	399	9.10	102(25.56)	170(42.61)	36(9.02)	91(22.81)
5~＜15	3 118	428	13.73	138(32.24)	89(20.79)	23(5.38)	178(41.59)
15~＜25	1 154	102	8.84	41(40.20)	8(7.84)	8(7.84)	45(44.12)
25~＜60	2 262	248	10.96	87(35.08)	40(16.13)	14(5.64)	107(43.15)
≥60	518	29	5.60	8(27.59)	12(41.38)	5(17.24)	4(13.79)
合计Total	11 437	1 206	10.54	376(31.18)	319(21.45)	86(7.13)	425(35.24)
季节Seasons
春季(3—5月) Spring (March to May)	2 192	153	6.98	33(21.57)	34(22.22)	3(1.96)	83(54.25)
夏季(6—8月) Summer (June to August)	1 203	77	6.40	76(98.70)	0(0)	0(0)	1(1.30)
秋季(9—11月) Autumn (September to November)	4 038	110	2.72	67(60.91)	4(3.64)	0(0)	39(35.45)
冬季(12月—次年2月) Winter (December to next February)	4 074	679	16.67	195(28.72)	183(26.95)	0(0)	301(44.33)
合计Total	11 507	1 019	8.86	371(36.41)	221(21.69)	3(0.29)	424(41.61)
注：Yamagata，乙型流感病毒Yamagata系；Victoria，乙型流感病毒Victoria系。 ①以人数(占比/%)表示。 Note: Yamagata, influenza B virus Yamagata lineage; Victoria, influenza B virus Victoria lineage. ① Number of people (proportion/%).

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