后疫情时代居民焦虑、抑郁和失眠现状及疫情相关影响因素

刘小畅; 程桂荣; 李春利; 曾燕

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.06.014

后疫情时代居民焦虑、抑郁和失眠现状及疫情相关影响因素

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.06.014

刘小畅¹,
程桂荣^{1, 2},
李春利¹,
曾燕^{1, 2, ,}

1.
武汉科技大学医学院脑科学先进技术研究院，武汉 430081
2.
武汉科技大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系，武汉 430065

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划子课题 2020YFC2006000

详细信息

通讯作者:
曾燕，E-mail: zengyan68@wust.edu.cn

中图分类号: R395.6
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-11
- 修回日期: 2024-05-04
- 网络出版日期: 2024-07-13
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-10

The current status and epidemic-related influencing factors of the symptoms of anxiety, depression and insomnia among residents in mainland China in the post-epidemic era

LIU Xiaochang¹,
CHENG Guirong^{1, 2},
LI Chunli¹,
ZENG Yan^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Department of Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
2.
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China

Funds:

National Key Research and Development Program 2020YFC2006000

More Information

Corresponding author: ZENG Yan, E-mail: zengyan68@wust.edu.cn

摘要

摘要: 目的探究后疫情时代居民焦虑、抑郁和失眠等心理问题的现状及疫情相关因素对心理问题的影响。方法于2023年1―4月，通过在线横断面调查，对焦虑、抑郁和失眠进行标准化测量以及与不良心理健康结果相关的风险因素进行调查; 心理评估量表通过采用t检验、方差分析和χ²检验的方法比较各组焦虑、抑郁和失眠的差异，Pearson相关分析用于探究后疫情时代相关因素与焦虑、抑郁和睡眠质量评分的相关性，线性回归模型确定后疫情时代相关因素与焦虑、抑郁和睡眠质量的定量关系。结果研究共纳入35 213名≥16岁的居民，患焦虑症共8 464人(24.0%)，广泛性焦虑障碍(generalized anxiety disorder-7, GAD-7)评分为(6.30±5.06)分，患抑郁症共12 216人(34.7%)，抑郁症筛查量表(patient health questionnaire-9, PHQ-9)评分为(7.98±6.12)分，患失眠症共12 416人(35.3%)，匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI)评分为(8.75±3.94)分。焦虑、抑郁和睡眠质量得分均与疫情感染指数(infection index, INI)呈负相关(β=-0.083, -0.042, -0.069, 均P＜0.001)，焦虑、抑郁和睡眠质量得分均与疫情影响指数(impact index, IMI)和疫情忧虑指数(concern index, COI)呈正相关(β=0.401, 0.365, 0.207, 均P＜0.001)。结论后疫情时代，居民焦虑、抑郁及失眠症状检出率较高，从改善疫情导致的生活、社交不便和担忧出发，帮助人们以良好的心理健康水平应对新型冠状病毒感染(corona virus disease 2019, COVID-19)的长期影响。
- 新型冠状病毒感染 /
- 焦虑 /
- 抑郁 /
- 睡眠质量 /
- 影响因素
Abstract: Objective To explore the current status of psychological symptoms of anxiety, depression and insomnia among residents in mainland China in the post-epidemic era and the influence of epidemic-related factors on psychological symptoms. Methods Standardized measures of anxiety, depression, and insomnia as well as measures of risk factors known to be associated with poor mental health outcomes were administered through an online cross-sectional survey from January to April, 2023. One-way analysis of variance, t test, and χ² test were used to analyze the differences of anxiety, depression and insomnia among different groups. Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between epidemic-related factors and psychological symptoms. The linear regression model was used to determine the quantitative relationship between epidemic-related factors and anxiety, depression and sleep quality. Results Among of 35 213 participants aged ≥16 years, 8 464 (24.0%) had anxiety symptoms with generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7) score (6.30±5.06), 12 216 (34.7%) had depression with patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score (7.98±6.12), and 12 416 (35.3%) had insomnia with PSQI score (8.75±3.94) points. The scores of anxiety, depression and sleep quality were negatively correlated with INI (infection index) (β=-0.083, -0.042, -0.069, P < 0.001), while the scores of anxiety, depression and sleep quality were positively correlated with IMI (impact index) and COI (concern index) (β=0.401, 0.365, 0.207, P < 0.001). Conclusions The symptoms of anxiety, depression and sleep quality among residents in mainland China were severe in the post-epidemic era. It is necessary to continue to pay attention to the mental health of residents and help people cope with the long-term effects of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a good level of mental health.
- Corona virus disease 2019 /
- Anxiety /
- Depression /
- Sleep quality /
- Influencing factors

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表 1 居民人口学特征及不同特征人群焦虑、抑郁和睡眠质量的差异

Table 1. Demographic characteristics of mainland residents and differences in anxiety, depression and sleep quality among groups of different characteristics

特征Characteristics	参与者 ^① Participants^①	焦虑Anxiety			抑郁Depression			睡眠质量Sleep quality
特征Characteristics	参与者 ^① Participants^①	x±s	t/F值 value	P值 value	x±s	t/F值 value	P值 value	x±s	t/F值 value	P值 value
总体Total	35 213(100.0)	6.30±5.06			7.98±6.12			8.75±3.94
性别Gender			-0.122	0.903		0.445	0.656		0.427	0.670
女性Female	19 274(54.7)	6.30±5.02			7.99±6.07			8.76±3.97
男性Male	15 939(45.3)	6.30±5.12			7.96±6.19			8.74±3.91
年龄组/岁Age group/years			111.076	＜0.001		47.990	＜0.001		294.842	＜0.001
16~＜26	12 883(36.6)	5.74±4.81			7.57±5.75			7.95±3.91
26~＜41	17 705(50.3)	6.47±5.16			8.09±6.33			9.16±3.89
41~＜51	3 168(9.0)	6.92±5.06			8.40±6.09			9.28±3.72
≥51	1 457(4.1)	7.72±5.53			9.30±6.56			9.70±4.20
婚姻状况Marital status			871.021	＜0.001		741.816	＜0.001		798.503	＜0.001
已婚Married	16 643(47.3)	5.88±4.94			7.32±6.05			8.83±3.86
未婚Unmarried	15 362(43.6)	6.02±4.92			7.87±5.90			8.20±3.96
离异/丧偶Divorced/widowed	3 208(9.1)	9.82±5.03			11.87±6.16			10.96±3.46
受教育程度Education attainment			182.633	＜0.001		177.163	＜0.001		122.180	＜0.001
高中及以下High school and below	6 330(18.0)	5.89±5.07			7.40±6.26			8.96±3.81
大学本科Bachelor′s degree	24 289(69.0)	6.14±4.93			7.82±5.95			8.55±3.95
硕士及以上Master′s degree or above	4 594(13.0)	7.70±5.50			9.61±6.56			9.51±4.00
中国四大经济区域 China′s four major economic regions			51.509	＜0.001		35.553	＜0.001		190.450	＜0.001
东部East	13 518(38.4)	6.55±5.12			8.27±6.28			9.14±3.85
中部Midland	14 227(40.4)	5.92±4.87			7.62±5.80			8.14±3.97
西部West	4 875(13.8)	6.74±5.18			8.37±6.30			9.22±3.83
东北Northeast	2 593(7.4)	6.21±5.42			7.71±6.54			9.18±4.04
感染COVID-19 Infected COVID-19			8.136	＜0.001		4.119	＜0.001		2.187	0.029
否No	6 963(19.8)	6.77±5.55			8.27±6.66			8.85±4.19
是Yes	28 250(80.2)	6.18±4.93			7.91±5.98			8.73±3.88
SARS-CoV-2感染症状种类 Types of infection symptoms SARS-CoV-2			100.404	＜0.001		95.698	＜0.001		65.244	＜0.001
0	9 960(28.3)	7.02±5.51			8.62±6.70			9.17±4.07
1	7 110(20.2)	5.91±5.00			7.31±6.09			8.79±3.81
2	12 436(35.3)	5.88±4.69			7.56±5.71			8.51±3.84
3	4 515(12.8)	6.08±4.73			8.16±5.54			8.25±3.97
4	1 192(3.4)	7.77±5.49			10.22±6.52			9.44±4.17
担心感染COVID-19或再次感染COVID-19 Worried about infection or reinfection			-45.348	＜0.001		-43.806	＜0.001		-10.233	＜0.001
基本不担心No	23 520(66.8)	5.43±4.72			6.97±5.79			8.60±3.84
担心Yes	11 693(33.2)	8.05±5.28			10.00±6.27			9.06±4.13
担心COVID-19后遗症 Worried about sequelae of COVID-19			-64.910	＜0.001		-60.225	＜0.001		-33.315	＜0.001
基本不担心No	23 395(66.4)	5.08±4.57			6.61±5.61			8.26±3.89
担心Yes	11 818(33.6)	8.71±5.13			10.69±6.19			9.72±3.87
疫情对生活的影响The impact on life			-64.224	＜0.001		-59.391	＜0.001		-27.236	＜0.001
基本无影响No	22 934(65.1)	5.05±4.50			6.58±5.59			8.33±3.86
有影响Yes	12 279(34.9)	8.63±5.23			10.58±6.24			9.53±3.98
疫情对社交的影响The impact on social interaction			-72.293	＜0.001		-65.232	＜0.001		-33.460	＜0.001
基本无影响No	23 101(65.6)	4.92±4.43			6.47±5.52			8.25±3.88
有影响Yes	12 112(34.3)	8.92±5.17			10.85±6.20			9.71±3.88
注：SARS-CoV-2, 严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2型; COVID-19, 新型冠状病毒感染。 ①以人数(占比/%)表示。 Note：SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; COVID-19, corona virus disease 2019. ① Number of people (proportion/%).

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表 2 疫情相关因素与焦虑、抑郁和睡眠质量的相关性分析

Table 2. Pearson correlation analysis of epidemic related factors and anxiety, depression and sleep quality

特征Characteristics	焦虑Anxiety		抑郁Depression		睡眠质量Sleep quality
特征Characteristics	r值value	P值value	r值value	P值value	r值value	P值value
感染指数Infection index	-0.050	＜0.001	-0.013	0.014	-0.052	＜0.001
影响指数Impact index	0.485	＜0.001	0.455	＜0.001	0.300	＜0.001
忧虑指数Concern index	0.547	＜0.001	0.508	＜0.001	0.305	＜0.001

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表 3 疫情相关因素与焦虑、抑郁和睡眠的线性回归分析

Table 3. Pearson correlation analysis of epidemic related factors and anxiety, depression and sleep quality

特征Characteristics	焦虑Anxiety		抑郁Depression		睡眠质量Sleep quality
特征Characteristics	β值value (95% CI)	P值value	β值value (95% CI)	P值value	β值value (95% CI)	P值value
感染指数Infection index	-0.083(-0.091~-0.074)	＜0.001	-0.042(-0.050~-0.033)	＜0.001	-0.069(-0.078~-0.059)	＜0.001
影响指数Impact index	0.401(0.391~0.411)	＜0.001	0.365(0.355~0.375)	＜0.001	0.207(0.196~0.219)	＜0.001
忧虑指数Concern index	0.264(0.254~0.274)	＜0.001	0.252(0.242~0.262)	＜0.001	0.182(0.171~0.194)	＜0.001
注：模型校正了年龄、婚姻状况、受教育程度和地理区域。 Note：Models were adjusted for age, marital status, education level and geographic area.

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特征Characteristics	参与者 ^① Participants^①	焦虑Anxiety			抑郁Depression			睡眠质量Sleep quality
特征Characteristics	参与者 ^① Participants^①	x±s	t/F值 value	P值 value	x±s	t/F值 value	P值 value	x±s	t/F值 value	P值 value
总体Total	35 213(100.0)	6.30±5.06			7.98±6.12			8.75±3.94
性别Gender			-0.122	0.903		0.445	0.656		0.427	0.670
女性Female	19 274(54.7)	6.30±5.02			7.99±6.07			8.76±3.97
男性Male	15 939(45.3)	6.30±5.12			7.96±6.19			8.74±3.91
年龄组/岁Age group/years			111.076	＜0.001		47.990	＜0.001		294.842	＜0.001
16~＜26	12 883(36.6)	5.74±4.81			7.57±5.75			7.95±3.91
26~＜41	17 705(50.3)	6.47±5.16			8.09±6.33			9.16±3.89
41~＜51	3 168(9.0)	6.92±5.06			8.40±6.09			9.28±3.72
≥51	1 457(4.1)	7.72±5.53			9.30±6.56			9.70±4.20
婚姻状况Marital status			871.021	＜0.001		741.816	＜0.001		798.503	＜0.001
已婚Married	16 643(47.3)	5.88±4.94			7.32±6.05			8.83±3.86
未婚Unmarried	15 362(43.6)	6.02±4.92			7.87±5.90			8.20±3.96
离异/丧偶Divorced/widowed	3 208(9.1)	9.82±5.03			11.87±6.16			10.96±3.46
受教育程度Education attainment			182.633	＜0.001		177.163	＜0.001		122.180	＜0.001
高中及以下High school and below	6 330(18.0)	5.89±5.07			7.40±6.26			8.96±3.81
大学本科Bachelor′s degree	24 289(69.0)	6.14±4.93			7.82±5.95			8.55±3.95
硕士及以上Master′s degree or above	4 594(13.0)	7.70±5.50			9.61±6.56			9.51±4.00
中国四大经济区域 China′s four major economic regions			51.509	＜0.001		35.553	＜0.001		190.450	＜0.001
东部East	13 518(38.4)	6.55±5.12			8.27±6.28			9.14±3.85
中部Midland	14 227(40.4)	5.92±4.87			7.62±5.80			8.14±3.97
西部West	4 875(13.8)	6.74±5.18			8.37±6.30			9.22±3.83
东北Northeast	2 593(7.4)	6.21±5.42			7.71±6.54			9.18±4.04
感染COVID-19 Infected COVID-19			8.136	＜0.001		4.119	＜0.001		2.187	0.029
否No	6 963(19.8)	6.77±5.55			8.27±6.66			8.85±4.19
是Yes	28 250(80.2)	6.18±4.93			7.91±5.98			8.73±3.88
SARS-CoV-2感染症状种类 Types of infection symptoms SARS-CoV-2			100.404	＜0.001		95.698	＜0.001		65.244	＜0.001
0	9 960(28.3)	7.02±5.51			8.62±6.70			9.17±4.07
1	7 110(20.2)	5.91±5.00			7.31±6.09			8.79±3.81
2	12 436(35.3)	5.88±4.69			7.56±5.71			8.51±3.84
3	4 515(12.8)	6.08±4.73			8.16±5.54			8.25±3.97
4	1 192(3.4)	7.77±5.49			10.22±6.52			9.44±4.17
担心感染COVID-19或再次感染COVID-19 Worried about infection or reinfection			-45.348	＜0.001		-43.806	＜0.001		-10.233	＜0.001
基本不担心No	23 520(66.8)	5.43±4.72			6.97±5.79			8.60±3.84
担心Yes	11 693(33.2)	8.05±5.28			10.00±6.27			9.06±4.13
担心COVID-19后遗症 Worried about sequelae of COVID-19			-64.910	＜0.001		-60.225	＜0.001		-33.315	＜0.001
基本不担心No	23 395(66.4)	5.08±4.57			6.61±5.61			8.26±3.89
担心Yes	11 818(33.6)	8.71±5.13			10.69±6.19			9.72±3.87
疫情对生活的影响The impact on life			-64.224	＜0.001		-59.391	＜0.001		-27.236	＜0.001
基本无影响No	22 934(65.1)	5.05±4.50			6.58±5.59			8.33±3.86
有影响Yes	12 279(34.9)	8.63±5.23			10.58±6.24			9.53±3.98
疫情对社交的影响The impact on social interaction			-72.293	＜0.001		-65.232	＜0.001		-33.460	＜0.001
基本无影响No	23 101(65.6)	4.92±4.43			6.47±5.52			8.25±3.88
有影响Yes	12 112(34.3)	8.92±5.17			10.85±6.20			9.71±3.88
注：SARS-CoV-2, 严重急性呼吸道综合征冠状病毒2型; COVID-19, 新型冠状病毒感染。 ①以人数(占比/%)表示。 Note：SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; COVID-19, corona virus disease 2019. ① Number of people (proportion/%).

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后疫情时代居民焦虑、抑郁和失眠现状及疫情相关影响因素

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.06.014

通讯作者:
曾燕，E-mail: zengyan68@wust.edu.cn

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The current status and epidemic-related influencing factors of the symptoms of anxiety, depression and insomnia among residents in mainland China in the post-epidemic era

Corresponding author: ZENG Yan, E-mail: zengyan68@wust.edu.cn

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后疫情时代居民焦虑、抑郁和失眠现状及疫情相关影响因素

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2024.06.014

通讯作者: 曾燕，E-mail: zengyan68@wust.edu.cn

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The current status and epidemic-related influencing factors of the symptoms of anxiety, depression and insomnia among residents in mainland China in the post-epidemic era

Corresponding author: ZENG Yan, E-mail: zengyan68@wust.edu.cn

计量

出版历程

目录

通讯作者:
曾燕，E-mail: zengyan68@wust.edu.cn