Study on the household transmission characteristics of acute respiratory infection in Shanghai

YU Xiao; HU Xin; WU Huanyu; LIN Sheng; MAO Shenghua; CHEN Jian; ZHENG Yaxu

doi:10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.07.011

Volume 29 Issue 7

Jul. 2025

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Article Navigation > CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION > 2025 > 29(7): 819-826

YU Xiao, HU Xin, WU Huanyu, LIN Sheng, MAO Shenghua, CHEN Jian, ZHENG Yaxu. Study on the household transmission characteristics of acute respiratory infection in Shanghai[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, 2025, 29(7): 819-826. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.07.011

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YU Xiao, HU Xin, WU Huanyu, LIN Sheng, MAO Shenghua, CHEN Jian, ZHENG Yaxu. Study on the household transmission characteristics of acute respiratory infection in Shanghai[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, 2025, 29(7): 819-826. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.07.011

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Study on the household transmission characteristics of acute respiratory infection in Shanghai

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.07.011

YU Xiao¹,
HU Xin²,
WU Huanyu³,
LIN Sheng¹,
MAO Shenghua¹,
CHEN Jian^{2
,
,},
ZHENG Yaxu^{1
,
,}

1.
Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Department, Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201107, China
2.
Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai 201107, China
3.
Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 201107, China

YU Xiao and HU Xin contributed equally to this article

Funds:

Three-year Action Program of Shanghai Municipality for Strengthening the Construction of Public Health System (2023-2035) GWVI-1

Three-year Action Program of Shanghai Municipality for Strengthening the Construction of Public Health System (2023-2035) GWVI-11.1-03

Three-year Action Program of Shanghai Municipality for Strengthening the Construction of Public Health System (2023-2035) GWVI-11.2-XD04

Three-year Action Program of Shanghai Municipality for Strengthening the Construction of Public Health System (2023-2035) GWVI-11.2-YQ11

Eastern Talent Plan Youth Project 24[2023]of the Talent Work Office of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the CPC

More Information

Corresponding author: CHEN Jian, E-mail: chenjian_scdc@126.com; ZHENG Yaxu, E-mail: 157202047@qq.com
Received Date: 2024-12-03
Rev Recd Date: 2025-01-28

Available Online: 2025-08-11

Publish Date: 2025-07-10

Abstract

Abstract

Objective To explore the household transmission characteristics of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Shanghai from April 2023 to May 2024, so as to provide a basis for the targeted implementation of prevention and control measures. Methods A prospective follow-up study was conducted, including the natural population of the Shanghai community on a household basis. The ARI incidence was followed up, and household introduction rates and secondary attack rates were calculated. Risk factors were analyzed using a generalized estimation equation, and the pairwise transmission probability within households was estimated using a Markov chain household transmission model. Results Females (RR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.08-1.41), healthcare workers (RR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.01-1.81), and people with underlying diseases (RR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.14-1.35) were more likely to become household index cases (all P < 0.05). The family secondary attack rate of ARI in the general population was 11.4% (95% CI: 10.1%-12.6%), and the secondary attack risk was higher for healthcare workers (RR=2.91, 95% CI: 1.20-7.05), children (≥18 years old) of the index cases (RR=2.34, 95% CI: 1.11-4.92), and spouses (RR=2.55, 95% CI: 1.35-4.82) (all P < 0.05). Families with more than three people had a higher secondary attack rate(25.8%) compared to two-person and three-person househoulds(attack rate=17.2%, RR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.13-2.31). The model estimated the pairwise transmission probability within households to be 0.27, with a single infector causing an average of 0.40 household ARI infections. Conclusions ARI carries a transmission risk within households, particularly among healthcare workers, adult children and spouses of index cases. Households with more than three members have a higher secondary attack rate. Enhanced intra-household prevention measures are recommended, especially for high-risk groups.
- Acute respiratory infection,
- Household transmission,
- Risk factors,
- Secondary attack rate

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References(17)

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