Abstract: Objective To analyze the expenses and situations of children patients who were ill in hospital, for providing the basis for reasonable arrangement of healthy, developing a disease control and prevention program and strengthening hospital management. Methods The records of 30 814 children patients who were in hospital in the period of 2004 to 2013 were reviewed and analysed. Results The number of patients who were in 1-5 years of age group was the largest. The majority of patients were not seriously ill, and the number of patients who were cured was larger than the number of patients who were not cured and even dead. The top three reasons of hospitalization were: broncho-alveolitis, bronchitis,upper respiratory tract infection. The newborns who were in hospital spent the most. The hospital costs of neonatal disease were in the top three of all diseases in the hospital. Conclusions The respiratory disease is the main disease in the children. Because of the high expense of neonatal disease, we should strengthen maternal and child health care, and take notice of the special diseases screening. It will be better to reduce incidence of children respiratory diseases and neonatal disease.