Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between lipid accumulation product (LAP) and hypertension and diabetes in adults. Methods The data of Jiangsu Provincial Surveillance on Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors (2013) were used to investigate the association of LAP with blood pressure and plasma glucose, one-way ANOVA and multivariate Logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between LAP and the risk of hypertension and diabetes. Area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of LAP, BMI and WC in hypertension and diabetes. Results The levels of blood pressure and plasma glucose were significantly different in residents with different degree of LAP (all P<0.05). There was an obvious trend of increased risk of hypertension and diabetes with increment in the quartiles of LAP both in men and women (all P<0.05). Compared with the lowest quartile, the risk of hypertension in the highest quartile of LAP increased 3.65 fold (95% CI:3.74-5.78) in men, and 3.52 fold (95% CI:3.70-5.53) in women, respectively; and the corresponding risk of diabetes increased 2.71 fold (95% CI:2.83-4.87) in men, and 3.37 fold (95% CI:3.32-5.77) in women, respectively. In female, ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of LAP in predicting risk of hypertension and diabetes was 0.70 and 0.69 respectively, higher than that of BMI and WC (all P<0.05). Conclusions The LAP is associated with blood pressure and plasma glucose closely. The elevated level of LAP is associated with an increased risk of hypertension and diabetes.