• 中国精品科技期刊
  • 《中文核心期刊要目总览》收录期刊
  • RCCSE 中国核心期刊(5/114,A+)
  • Scopus收录期刊
  • 美国《化学文摘》(CA)收录期刊
  • WHO 西太平洋地区医学索引(WPRIM)收录期刊
  • 《中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)》核心库期刊 (C)
  • 中国科技核心期刊
  • 中国科技论文统计源期刊
  • 《日本科学技术振兴机构数据库(中国)》(JSTChina)收录期刊
  • 美国《乌利希期刊指南》(UIrichsweb)收录期刊
  • 中华预防医学会系列杂志优秀期刊(2019年)

留言板

尊敬的读者、作者、审稿人, 关于本刊的投稿、审稿、编辑和出版的任何问题, 您可以本页添加留言。我们将尽快给您答复。谢谢您的支持!

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

孕期环境暴露对早产和低出生体重影响的队列研究

岳和欣,  冯雅慧,  湛永乐,  石英杰,  陈云利,  王雅文,  吴散散,  蔡姝雅,  马海会,  江宇

downloadPDF
文章导航 > 中华疾病控制杂志  > 2020 >  24(11): 1246-1251
岳和欣, 冯雅慧, 湛永乐, 石英杰, 陈云利, 王雅文, 吴散散, 蔡姝雅, 马海会, 江宇. 孕期环境暴露对早产和低出生体重影响的队列研究[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2020, 24(11): 1246-1251. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.11.002
引用本文: 岳和欣, 冯雅慧, 湛永乐, 石英杰, 陈云利, 王雅文, 吴散散, 蔡姝雅, 马海会, 江宇. 孕期环境暴露对早产和低出生体重影响的队列研究[J]. 中华疾病控制杂志, 2020, 24(11): 1246-1251. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.11.002
shu
YUE He-xin, FENG Ya-hui, ZHAN Yong-le, SHI Ying-jie, CHEN Yun-li, WANG Ya-wen, WU San-san, CAI Shu-ya, MA Hai-hui, JIANG Yu. Effects of environmental exposure during pregnancy on preterm birth and low birth weight: a cohort study[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, 2020, 24(11): 1246-1251. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.11.002
Citation: YUE He-xin, FENG Ya-hui, ZHAN Yong-le, SHI Ying-jie, CHEN Yun-li, WANG Ya-wen, WU San-san, CAI Shu-ya, MA Hai-hui, JIANG Yu. Effects of environmental exposure during pregnancy on preterm birth and low birth weight: a cohort study[J]. CHINESE JOURNAL OF DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION, 2020, 24(11): 1246-1251. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.11.002
shu

孕期环境暴露对早产和低出生体重影响的队列研究

doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.11.002
  • 1.

    100730 北京，中国医学科学院/北京协和医学院群医学及公共卫生学院

  • 2.

    300020 天津，中国医学科学院血液病医院，中国医学科学院血液学研究所，实验血液学国家重点实验室国家血液病临床医学研究中心

  • 3.

    101149 北京，北京市通州区妇幼保健院

岳和欣和冯雅慧为共同第一作者
基金项目: 

中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程 2019-I2M-2-007

详细信息
    通讯作者:

    江宇，E-mail:jiangyu@pumc.edu.cn

    马海会，E-mail:18001359093@163.com

  • 中图分类号: R715.3

Effects of environmental exposure during pregnancy on preterm birth and low birth weight: a cohort study

  • 1.

    School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China

  • 2.

    State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020, China

  • 3.

    Tongzhou Maternal & Child Health Hostipal of Beijing, Beijing 101149, China

YUE He-xin and FENG Ya-hui contributed equally to this article
Funds: 

CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine 2019-I2M-2-007

More Information

    摘要
  • 摘要:   目的  探讨中国孕妇孕期环境暴露和新生儿早产及低出生体重的关系。  方法  采用自行设计的孕期环境暴露调查问卷，问卷内容包括被动吸烟、通风情况、装修情况、臭水沟、垃圾站、化工厂、高温、辐射、噪声和粉尘等环境暴露因素，对中国孕产妇队列研究项目中的孕妇进行问卷调查，随访收集新生儿的出生情况。关联性分析采用Logistic回归分析模型。  结果  本研究以6 189名孕妇为研究对象，其中283名(4.57%)孕妇早产，分娩202名(3.26%)低出生体重儿，调整年龄、民族、户口、文化程度、职业、家庭年收入、孕前体重指数(body mass index，BMI)以及产次等因素后，Logistic回归分析模型分析显示，与未接触噪声的孕妇相比，孕妇孕期在工作或居家环境中暴露于噪声环境更容易发生早产(OR=1.668，95% CI：1.197~2.323)；与未接触高温的孕妇相比，孕期在工作或居家环境中暴露于高温环境的孕妇更容易发生早产(OR=2.237，95% CI：1.171~4.274)。尚未发现其他环境暴露因素与早产和低出生体重的相关性。  结论  孕期暴露于噪声和高温环境是孕妇早产的危险因素。积极开展健康宣教，减少孕妇孕期在生活工作环境中的噪声和高温暴露，可能有助于降低早产的发生风险。
    Abstract:   Objective  To investigate the relationship between maternal environmental exposure during pregnancy and neonatal preterm delivery and low birth weight.  Methods  A self-designed questionnaire of environmental exposure during pregnancy was used, including factors such as passive smoking, ventilation, decoration, gutter, garbage station, chemical plant, high temperature, radiation, noise, dust and others. A questionnaire survey was conducted among pregnant women in the Chinese Maternal Pregnant Women Cohort Study, and the birth status of newborns was collected. Correlation analysis was carried out by logistic liner regression model.  Results  A total of 6 189 pregnant women recruited were in our study, including 283 cases of premature birth (4.57%) and 202 cases of low birth weight (3.26%). After adjusting for age, nationality, registered residence, education, occupation, annual family income, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and parity other factors, logistic liner regression model showed that pregnant women exposed to noise during pregnancy were more likely to have preterm delivery than those who were not exposed to noise during pregnancy (OR=1.668, 95% CI: 1.197-2.323). Pregnant women who were exposed to high temperatures at work or at home during pregnancy were more likely to have preterm labor than those who were not (OR=2.237, 95% CI: 1.171-4.274). For other environmental exposure factors, no association were found with preterm delivery and low birth weight.  Conclusions  Exposure to noise and high temperature during pregnancy may be the risk factors of preterm delivery. Actively carry out health education to reduce the noise and high temperature exposure of pregnant women in the working and living environment, may help to reduce the risk of preterm delivery.
    • HTML全文

  • 表  1  调查对象一般人口学特征[n(%)]

    Table  1.   General demographic characteristics of participants [n(%)]

    变量 研究对象 早产 出生体重
    是 否 χ2值 P值 低出生体重 正常出生体重 巨大儿 χ2值 P值
    年龄(岁) 45.578 ＜0.001 29.685 ＜0.001
        16~ 889(14.36) 29(10.25) 860(14.56) 23(11.39) 820(14.76) 46(10.65)
        25~ 3 030(48.96) 111(39.22) 2 919(49.42) 86(42.57) 2 750(49.50) 194(44.91)
        30~ 1 654(26.72) 84(29.68) 1 570(26.58) 58(23.71) 1 453(26.16) 143(33.10)
        ≥35 616(9.95) 59(20.85) 557(9.43) 35(17.33) 532(9.58) 49(11.34)
    民族 0.005 0.941 0.261 0.878
        汉族 5 855(94.60) 268(94.70) 5 587(94.60) 11(5.45) 302(5.44) 21(4.86)
        少数民族 334(5.40) 15(5.30) 319(5.40) 191(94.55) 5 253(94.56) 411(95.14)
    户口 6.307 0.012 5.814 0.055
        非农业 2 874(46.44) 152(53.71) 2 722(46.09) 110(54.46) 2 571(46.28) 193(44.68)
        农业 3 315(53.56) 131(46.09) 3 184(53.91) 92(45.54) 2 984(53.72) 239(55.32)
    文化程度 2.924 0.404 4.419 0.620
        初中及以下 846(13.67) 40(14.13) 806(13.65) 26(12.87) 757(13.63) 63(14.58)
        高中 1 337(21.60) 65(22.97) 1 272(21.54) 42(20.79) 1 217(21.91) 78(18.06)
        大专/本科 3 606(58.26) 154(54.42) 3 452(58.45) 119(58.91) 3 228(58.11) 259(59.95)
        硕士及以上 400(6.46) 24(8.48) 376(6.37) 15(7.43) 353(6.35) 32(7.41)
    职业 1.595 0.207 1.481 0.477
        无业 1 712(27.66) 69(24.38) 1 643(27.82) 50(34.08) 1 549(22.52) 113(26.16)
        有职业 4 477(72.34) 214(75.62) 4 263(72.18) 152(48.43) 4 006(53.15) 319(73.84)
    家庭年收入(元) 3.230 0.358 9.623 0.142
        ＜70 000 1 408(22.75) 63(22.26) 1 345(22.77) 41(20.30) 1 254(22.57) 113(26.16)
        70 000~ 611(9.87) 20(7.07) 591(10.01) 13(6.44) 557(10.03) 41(9.49)
        100 000~ 2 356(38.07) 109(38.52) 2 247(38.05) 84(41.58) 2 128(38.31) 144(33.33)
        ≥200 000 1 814(29.31) 91(32.16) 1 723(29.17) 64(31.68) 1 616(29.09) 134(31.02)
    孕前体重指数 1.896 0.594 62.754 ＜0.001
        偏瘦 822(13.28) 35(11.97) 787(13.33) 35(17.33) 756(13.61) 31(7.18)
        正常 3 958(63.95) 177(63.11) 3 781(64.02) 131(64.85) 3 583(64.50) 116(56.48)
        超重 1 110(17.94) 59(20.39) 1 051(17.80) 31(15.35) 963(17.34) 116(26.85)
        肥胖 299(4.83) 12(4.53) 287(4.86) 5(2.48) 253(4.55) 41(9.49)
    产次 0.342 0.559 3.321 0.190
        初产妇 3 513(56.76) 155(54.84) 3 358(56.85) 118(58.33) 3 131(56.37) 267(61.75)
        经产妇 2 676(43.24) 128(45.16) 2 548(43.15) 84(41.67) 2 424(43.63) 165(38.25)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  调查对象的环境暴露情况[n(%)]

    Table  2.   The environmental exposure of the participants [n(%)]

    环境暴露因素 研究对象 早产 出生体重
    是 否 χ2值 P值 低出生体重 正常出生体重 巨大儿 χ2值 P值
    被动吸烟 0.007 0.934 0.778 0.678
        无 3 528(57.00) 162(57.24) 3 366(56.99) 112(55.45) 3 177(57.19) 239(55.32)
        有 2 661(43.00) 121(42.76) 2 540(43.01) 90(44.55) 2 378(42.81) 193(44.68)
    排油烟机/排风扇使用 0.002 0.965 1.816 0.403
        无 5 625(90.89) 257(90.81) 5 368(90.89) 181(89.60) 5 058(91.58) 386(89.35)
        有 546(9.11) 26(9.19) 538(9.11) 21(10.40) 497(8.95) 46(10.65)
    居住场所通风 0.545 0.460 3.528 0.171
        较好 4 428(71.55) 197(69.61) 4 231(71.64) 145(71.78) 2 957(71.23) 326(75.46)
        较差 1 761(28.45) 86(30.39) 1 675(28.36) 57(28.22) 1 598(28.77) 106(24.42)
    居住和工作场所装修 0.218 0.641 1.262 0.532
        无 4 164(67.28) 194(68.55) 3 970(67.28) 143(70.79) 3 738(67.11) 293(67.82)
        有 2 025(32.72) 89(31.45) 2 025(32.72) 59(29.21) 1 827(32.89) 139(32.18)
    臭水沟 0.833 0.361 2.825 0.244
        无 5 927(95.77) 268(94.70) 5 659(95.82) 193(95.54) 5 327(95.90) 407(94.21)
        有 262(4.23) 15(5.30) 247(4.18) 9(4.46) 228(4.10) 25(5.79)
    垃圾站 0.466 0.495 2.606 0.272
        无 5 790(93.55) 262(92.58) 5 528(93.60) 184(91.09) 5 298(93.57) 408(94.44)
        有 399(6.45) 21(7.42) 378(6.40) 18(8.91) 357(6.43) 24(5.56)
    化工厂 0.874 0.350 1.160 0.560
        无 6 079(98.22) 280(98.94) 5 799(98.19) 199(98.51) 5 453(98.16) 427(98.84)
        有 110(1.78) 3(1.06) 107(1.81) 3(1.49) 102(1.84) 5(1.16)
    农药 1.806 0.180 1.562 0.458
        无 6 143(99.26) 279(98.59) 5 864(99.29) 199(98.51) 5 515(99.28) 429(99.31)
        有 46(0.74) 4(1.41) 42(0.71) 3(1.49) 40(0.72) 3(0.69)
    辐射 0.304 0.582 0.546 0.761
        无 5 356(86.54) 248(87.63) 5 108(86.49) 174(86.14) 4 813(86.64) 369(85.42)
        有 833(13.46) 35(12.37) 798(13.51) 28(13.86) 742(13.36) 63(14.58)
    噪声 3.945 0.047 0.478 0.788
        无 5 341(86.30) 233(82.33) 5 108(86.49) 171(84.65) 4 797(86.35) 373(86.34)
        有 848(13.70) 50(17.67) 798(13.51) 31(15.35) 758(13.65) 59(13.66)
    高温 6.310 0.012 0.703 0.704
        无 6 057(97.87) 271(95.76) 5 786(97.97) 196(97.03) 5 438(97.89) 423(97.92)
        有 132(2.13) 12(4.24) 120(2.03) 6(2.97) 117(2.11) 9(2.08)
    染发剂等化学物质 2.325 0.127 0.267 0.875
        无 6 132(99.08) 278(98.23) 5 854(99.12) 200(99.01) 5 503(99.06) 429(99.31)
        有 57(0.92) 5(1.77) 52(0.88) 2(0.99) 52(0.94) 3(0.69)
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  环境暴露与早产和低出生体重关系的多因素Logistic线性回归分析模型分析

    Table  3.   Multivariate logistic liner regression model analysis of the relationship between environmental exposure and preterm birth and low birth weight

    环境暴露 早产 低出生体重
    例数
    [n(%)]    		 OR(95% CI)值 P值 例数
    [n(%)]    		 OR(95% CI)值 P值
    被动吸烟
        无 162(57.24) 1.000 112(55.45) 1.000
        有 121(42.76) 1.017(0.772~1.340) 0.905 90(44.55) 1.018(0.737~1.406) 0.912
    排油烟机或
    排风扇使用
        无 257(90.81) 1.000 181(89.60) 1.000
        有 26(9.19) 1.051(0.659~1.675) 0.836 21(10.40) 1.215(0.723~2.044) 0.462
    居住场所
    通风
        有 197(69.61) 1.000 145(71.78) 1.000
        无 86(30.39) 1.155(0.899~1.500) 0.280 57(28.22) 1.025(0.749~1.401) 0.879
    居住和工作
    场所装修
    情况
        无 194(68.55) 1.000 143(70.79) 1.000
        有 89(31.45) 1.027(0.768~1.372) 0.858 59(29.21) 0.889(0.628~1.258) 0.507
    臭水沟
        无 268(94.70) 1.000 193(95.54) 1.000
        有 15(5.30) 1.200(0.641~2.246) 0.569 9(4.46) 1.269(0.612~2.631) 0.523
    垃圾站
        无 262(92.58) 1.000 184(91.09) 1.000
        有 21(7.42) 1.140(0.683~1.903) 0.615 18(8.91) 1.613(0.946~2.751) 0.079
    化工厂
        无 280(98.94) 1.000 199(98.51) 1.000
        有 3(1.06) 0.771(0.222~2.274) 0.566 3(1.49) 0.969(0.302~3.109) 0.958
    农药
        无 279(98.59) 1.000 199(98.51) 1.000
        有 4(1.41) 1.063(0.252~4.474) 0.934 3(1.49) 2.525(0.762~8.366) 0.130
    辐射
        否 248(87.63) 1.000 1.000
        是 35(12.37) 0.883(0.587~1.328) 0.550 28(13.86) 0.965(0.608, 1.530) 0.879
    噪音
        无 233(82.33) 1.000 1.000
        有 50(17.67) 1.668(1.197~2.323) 0.003 31(15.35) 1.306(0.863~1.975) 0.207
    高温
        无 271(95.76) 1.000 196(97.03) 1.000
        有 12(4.24) 2.237(1.171~4.274) 0.015 6(2.97) 1.417(0.565~3.555) 0.458
    染发剂等
    化学物质
        无 278(98.23) 1.000 200(99.01) 1.000
        有 5(1.77) 2.001(0.706~5.673) 0.192 2(0.99) 1.384(0.331~5.800) 0.656
    下载: 导出CSV
    • 参考文献(27)
  • [1] WHO. What is a preterm baby[EB/OL]. (2015-11-15)[2020-08-12]. https://www.who.int/features/qa/preterm_babies/zh/.
    [2] WHO. Global nutrition targets 2025: low birth weight policy brief[M]. Geneva: World Health Organisation, 2014.
    [3] 张小松, 杨慧霞.早产发生的影响因素及其流行病学研究进展[J].中华妇产科杂志, 2017, 52(5):344-347. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-567x.2017.05.013.

    Zhang XS, Yang HX. Research progress on the influencing factors of preterm birth and its epidemiology[J].Chin J Obstet Gynecol, 2017, 52(5):344-347. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-567x.2017.05.013.
    [4] 张钰.新生儿低出生体重及其影响因素[J]职业与健康, 2018, 34(24):3449-3452. DOI: 10.13329/j.cnki.zyyjk.2018.0965.

    Zhang Y. Low birth weight of newborn and its influencing factors[J]. Occup and Health, 2018, 34(24):3449-3452. DOI: 10.13329/j.cnki.zyyjk.2018.0965.
    [5] Ha S, Mendola P. Invited commentary: ambient environment and the risk of preterm birth[J]. Am J Epidemiol, 2017, 185(4):259-261. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kww138.
    [6] Amegah AK, Jaakkola JJ, Quansah R, et al. Cooking fuel choices and garbage burning practices as determinants of birth weight: a cross-sectional study in Accra[J]. Ghana Environ Health, 2012, 11:78. DOI: 10.1186/1476-069X-11-78.
    [7] Lu C, Zhang W, Zheng X, et al. Combined effects of ambient air pollution and home environmental factors on low birth weight[J]. Chemosphere, 2020, 240:124836. DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124836.
    [8] 杨功焕, 马杰民, 刘娜, 等.中国人群2002年吸烟和被动吸烟的现状调查[J].中华流行病学杂志, 2005, 26(2):77-83. DOI: 10.3760/j.issn:0254-6450.2005.02.001.

    Yang GH, Ma JM, Liu N, et al. Smokingand passivesmoking in Chinese, 2002[J]. Chin J Epidemiol, 2005, 26(2):77-83. DOI: 10.3760/j.issn:0254-6450.2005.02.001.
    [9] 周军.噪声的危害以及防护措施[J].防灾博览, 2019(6):62-65. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-FZBL201906015.htm

    Zhou J. Hazards of noise and protective measures[J]. Overview of Disaster Prevention, 2019(6):62-65. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-FZBL201906015.htm
    [10] 何学秋, 林柏泉, 程卫民, 等.安全工程学[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社, 2000:321-323.

    He XQ, Lin BQ, Cheng WM, et al. Safety engineering[M]. Beijing: China University of Mining and Technology Press, 2000:321-323.
    [11] 谭红专.现代流行病学(第3版)[M].第3版.北京:人民卫生出版社, 2019:744-745.

    Tan HZ. Modern epidemiology[M]. 3rd ed. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2019:744-745.
    [12] Villar J, Cheikh Ismail L, Victora CG, et al. International standards for newborn weight, length, and head circumference by gestational age and sex: the newborn cross-sectional study of the INTERGROWTH-21st Project[J]. Lancet, 2014, 384(9946):857-868. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60932-6.
    [13] Luke B, Mamelle N, Keith L, et al. The association between occupational factors and preterm birth: a United States nurses' study. Research Committee of the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric, and Neonatal Nurses[J]. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1995, 173(3Pt1):849-862. DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90354-2.
    [14] 陶秀坤, 李存肖, 金士杰, 等.广东省职业健康协会第二届学术交流会论文集: 我国噪声接触与女工早产关系的Meta分析[C].清远, 2014.

    Tao XK, Li CX, Jin SJ, et al. Proceedings of the second Academic Exchange Meeting of Guangdong Occupational Health Association: a meta-analysis of the relationship between noise exposure and premature birth in female workers in China[C]. Qingyuan, 2014.
    [15] Ristovska G, Laszlo HE, Hansell AL. Reproductive outcomes associated with noise exposure - a systematic review of the literature[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2014, 11(8):7931-7952. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110807931.
    [16] Selander J, Rylander L, Albin M, et al. Full-time exposure to occupational noise during pregnancy was associated with reduced birth weight in a nationwide cohort study of Swedish women[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2019, 651(Pt1):1137-1143. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.212.
    [17] Basu R, Malig B, Ostro B. High ambient temperature and the risk of preterm delivery[J]. Am J Epidemiol, 2010, 172(10):1108-1117. DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq170.
    [18] Son JY, Lee JT, Lane KJ, et al. Impacts of high temperature on adverse birth outcomes in Seoul, Korea: disparities by individual-and community-level characteristics[J]. Environ Res, 2019, 168:460-466. DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.032.
    [19] Yackerson N, Piura B, Sheiner E. The influence of meteorological factors on the emergence of preterm delivery and preterm premature rupture of membrane[J]. J Perinatol, 2008, 28(10):707-711. DOI: 10.1038/jp.2008.69.
    [20] Faber T, Been JV, Reiss IK, et al. Smoke-free legislation and child health[J]. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med, 2016, 26:16067. DOI: 10.1038/npjpcrm.2016.67.
    [21] Mustafa MD, Banerjee BD, Ahmed RS, et al. Gene-environment interaction in preterm delivery with special reference to organochlorine pesticides[J]. Mol Hum Reprod, 2013, 19(1):35-42. DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gas039.
    [22] Porpora MG, Piacenti I, Scaramuzzino S, et al. Environmental contaminants exposure and preterm birth: a systematic review[J]. Toxics, 2019, 7(1):11. DOI: 10.3390/toxics7010011.
    [23] Burns JJ, Livingston R, Amin R. The proximity of spatial clusters of low birth weight and risk factors: defining a neighborhood for focused interventions[J]. Matern Child Health J, 2020, 24(8):1065-1072. DOI: 10.1007/s10995-020-02946-y.
    [24] 唐江兵, 吴军华, 邱海燕.低出生体重儿的相关危险因素研究进展[J].中国现代医生, 2017, 55(18):165-168. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZDYS201718048.htm

    Tang JB, Wu JH, Qiu HY. Progress in research on risk factors of low birth weight infants[J]. China Modern Doctor, 2017, 55(18):165-168. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZDYS201718048.htm
    [25] Adibelli D, Kirca N. The relationship between gestational active and passive smoking and early postpartum complications[J]. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med, 2020, 33(14):2473-2479. DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1763294.
    [26] Zhang YL, Zhao YC, Wang JX, et al. Effect of environmental exposure to cadmium on pregnancy outcome and fetal growth: a study on healthy pregnant women in China[J]. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng, 2004, 39(9):2507-2515. DOI: 10.1081/ese-200026331.
    [27] Roberts JR, Karr CJ. Pesticide exposure in children[J]. Pediatrics, 2012, 130(6):e1765-1788. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-2758.
    • 相关文章
    • 施引文献
  • 资源附件(0)
  • 加载中
WeChat 点击查看大图
表(3)
计量
  • 文章访问数:  1143
  • HTML全文浏览量:  527
  • PDF下载量:  209
  • 被引次数: 0
出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2020-08-12
  • 修回日期:  2020-09-13
  • 刊出日期:  2020-11-10

目录

    /

    返回文章
    返回

    版权所有 © 《中华疾病控制杂志》编辑部 皖ICP备05003562号

    本系统由 北京仁和汇智信息技术有限公司 开发