Analysis of the results of HIV survey among men who have sex with men by online recruitment from 2016 to 2020 in Fuzhou City
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摘要:
目的 了解福州市2016-2020年MSM人群HIV感染状况及其相关因素,为制定艾滋病干预策略提供依据。 方法 2016-2020年通过网络招募方式在福州市开展MSM调查,调查内容参照《全国艾滋病哨点监测实施方案操作手册》,包括人口学、行为学和抗体筛查情况等,采用趋势χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析模型进行影响因素分析。 结果 2016-2020年共计调查11 864人,MSM人群HIV感染率为3.82%(453/11 864),各年份分别为4.48%、4.24%、3.27%、5.01%和2.36%,历年监测MSM人群HIV感染率呈现下降趋势(χ2=9.802, P < 0.001)。最近6个月最近1次肛交性行为使用安全套比例由89.45%下降到79.21%,与同性发生商业性行为比例由0.38%上升到2.05%,艾滋病知识知晓率由97.51%下降到94.53%,趋势χ2检验均有统计学意义(均有P < 0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析显示,高中及以上学历、在本地居住时间≥1年、最近6个月未发生肛交性行为或最近1次肛交性行为使用安全套、最近6个月肛交性行为每次都用安全套、最近1年接受艾滋病干预服务、知晓艾滋病知识均为MSM人群HIV感染的保护因素; 吸毒和最近1年患过性病则会增加MSM人群HIV感染的风险。 结论 福州市MSM人群的HIV感染状况呈现下降态势,但艾滋病知识知晓率和同性肛交使用安全套比例均呈现下降态势,应重点针对低文化程度和流动性大的MSM人群,加强以安全套推广使用和HIV检测的综合干预措施,有效控制MSM人群HIV疫情。 Abstract:Objective To understand the HIV infection status and its related factors of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Fuzhou City from 2016 to 2020, and to provide a basis for formulating intervention strategies. Methods The MSM survey in Fuzhou City from 2016 to 2020 was carried out by online recruitment. The content of the survey was conducted according to the Requirements of the National AIDS Sentinel Monitoring Program, which including demographic information, behavioral characteristics and antibody screening. Trend χ2 test and multivariate Logistic regression were used to analyze influencing factors. Results A total of 11 864 people were surveyed from 2016 to 2020. The cumulative HIV infection rate of the MSM population monitored was 3.82% (453/11 864). And the HIV infection rates in 2016-2020 were 4.48%, 4.24%, 3.27%, 5.01% and 2.36%, respectively. The HIV infection rate of the MSM population monitored every year showed a downward trend (χ2=9.802, P < 0.001). In the last 6 months, the rate of condom use in the most recent anal sex decreased from 89.45% to 79.21%, the rate of commercial sex with the same sex increased from 0.38% to 2.05%, and the awareness rate of AIDS knowledge decreased from 97.51% to 94.53%, with statistically significant results of trend χ2 tests (all P < 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that having high school degree or above, living in the local area for more than 1 year, no anal sex or condom use in the last 6 months, persistent using condoms for anal sex, receiving AIDS intervention services in one year and having AIDS knowledge were all protective factors for the HIV infection in MSM population; While drug addiction and having sexually transmitted diseases in recent one year would increase the risk of the HIV infection in MSM population. Conclusions There is a downward trend in the HIV epidemic among MSM population in Fuzhou City. However, the AIDS awareness rate and the rate of condom use for anal sex with the same sex both show downward trends. We should focus on MSM population with low education and high mobility on strengthening the comprehensive intervention measures to promote the condom use and HIV testing, for which can effectively control the HIV epidemic in MSM population. -
Key words:
- HIV infection /
- Men who have sex with men /
- Influencing factors /
- Online recruitment
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表 1 福州市2016-2020年网络招募MSM人群HIV监测人口学特征情况[n (%)]
Table 1. Demographic features of HIV monitoring of online recruited MSM group in Fuzhou City from 2016 to 2020 [n (%)]
变量 年份(年) 趋势χ2值 P值 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 年龄(岁) 78.132 < 0.001 ≤25 872(47.11) 666(39.81) 855(30.38) 1 194(41.26) 808(30.70) >25 979(52.89) 1 007(60.19) 1 959(69.62) 1 700(58.74) 1 824(69.30) 婚姻状况 54.506 < 0.001 未婚/离异/丧偶 1 615(87.25) 1 406(84.04) 2 271(80.70) 2 348(81.13) 2 073(78.76) 在婚/同居 236(12.75) 267(15.96) 543(19.30) 546(18.87) 559(21.24) 户籍地 182.675 < 0.001 福建省 1 651(89.20) 1 440(86.07) 2 436(86.57) 2 400(82.93) 1 958(74.39) 外省 200(10.80) 233(13.93) 378(13.43) 494(17.07) 674(25.61) 文化程度 2.982 0.084 初中及以下 124(6.70) 115(6.87) 251(8.92) 239(8.26) 249(9.46) 高中或中专 492(26.58) 430(25.70) 676(24.02) 592(20.46) 501(19.03) 大专及以上 1 235(66.72) 1 128(67.42) 1 887(67.06) 2 063(71.29) 1 882(71.50) 在本地居住时间(年) 100.872 < 0.001 0~ < 1 96(5.19) 134(8.01) 272(9.67) 399(13.79) 354(13.45) 1~ < 2 191(10.32) 176(10.52) 143(5.08) 304(10.50) 247(9.38) ≥2 1 564(84.49) 1 363(81.47) 2 399(85.25) 2 191(75.71) 2 031(77.17) 自认为的性取向 208.416 < 0.001 同性恋 1 665(89.95) 1 545(92.35) 2 583(91.79) 2 341(80.89) 2 088(79.33) 异性恋 6(0.32) 4(0.24) 9(0.32) 48(1.66) 83(3.15) 双性恋 170(9.18) 118(7.05) 218(7.75) 448(15.48) 370(14.06) 未确定 10(0.54) 6(0.36) 4(0.14) 57(1.97) 91(3.46) 寻找男性伴方式 40.523 < 0.001 网络 1 684(90.98) 1 566(93.60) 2 736(97.23) 2 762(95.44) 2 510(95.36) 场所 167(9.02) 107(6.40) 78(2.77) 132(4.56) 122(4.64) 合计 1 851(100.00) 1 673(100.00) 2 814(100.00) 2 894(100.00) 2 632(100.00) 表 2 福州市2016-2020年网络招募MSM人群HIV监测知识水平及行为学变化情况[n (%)]
Table 2. Changes in knowledge and behavior of HIV monitoring of online recruited MSM group in Fuzhou City from 2016 to 2020 [n (%)]
变量 调查人数(N) 年份(年) 趋势χ2值 P值 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 最近6个月发生过肛交性行为 1.445 0.229 是 9 907 1 602(86.55) 1 333(79.68) 2 419(85.96) 2 311(79.85) 2 242(85.18) 否 1 957 249(13.45) 340(20.32) 395(14.04) 583(20.15) 390(14.82) 最近6个月最近1次肛交性行为使用安全套 96.090 < 0.001 是 8 058 1 433(89.45) 1 126(84.47) 1 966(81.27) 1 757(76.03) 1 776(79.21) 否 1 849 169(10.55) 207(15.53) 453(18.73) 554(23.97) 466(20.79) 最近6个月肛交性行为安全套使用频率 84.633 < 0.001 从未使用 258 26(1.62) 48(3.60) 57(2.36) 55(2.38) 72(3.21) 有时使用 3 900 476(29.71) 398(29.86) 914(37.78) 1 381(59.76) 731(32.60) 每次都用 5 749 1 100(68.66) 887(66.54) 1 448(59.86) 875(37.86) 1 439(64.18) 最近6个月是否与同性发生商业性行为 29.697 < 0.001 是 163 7(0.38) 12(0.72) 40(1.42) 50(1.73) 54(2.05) 否 11 701 1 844(99.62) 1 661(99.28) 2 774(98.58) 2 844(98.27) 2 578(97.95) 最近6个月与同性发生商业性行为安全套使用频率 7.015 0.008 从未使用 9 0(0.00) 1(8.33) 8(20.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 有时使用 29 1(14.29) 4(33.33) 8(20.00) 7(14.00) 9(16.67) 每次都用 125 6(85.71) 7(58.33) 24(60.00) 43(86.00) 45(83.33) 最近6个月最近1次同性商业性行为使用安全套 7.037 0.008 是 131 5(71.43) 7(58.33) 28(70.00) 44(88.00) 47(87.04) 否 32 2(28.57) 5(41.67) 12(30.00) 6(12.00) 7(12.96) 最近6个月是否与异性发生过性行为 15.925 < 0.001 是 1 367 156(8.43) 207(12.37) 314(11.16) 352(12.16) 338(12.84) 否 10 497 1 695(91.57) 1 466(87.63) 2 500(88.84) 2 542(87.84) 2 294(87.16) 最近6个月与异性发生过性行为安全套使用频率 3.977 0.046 从未使用 421 29(18.59) 76(36.71) 137(43.63) 111(31.53) 68(20.12) 有时使用 515 88(56.41) 52(25.12) 92(29.30) 135(38.35) 148(43.79) 每次都用 431 39(25.00) 79(38.16) 85(27.07) 106(30.11) 122(36.09) 是否吸毒 8.214 0.004 是 62 12(0.65) 19(1.14) 11(0.39) 13(0.45) 7(0.27) 否 11 802 1 839(99.35) 1 654(98.86) 2 803(99.61) 2 881(99.55) 2 625(99.73) 最近1年是否患过性病 4.856 0.028 是 261 15(0.81) 41(2.45) 80(2.84) 70(2.42) 55(2.09) 否 11 603 1 836(99.19) 1 632(97.55) 2 734(97.16) 2 824(97.58) 2 577(97.91) 最近1年是否接受艾滋病干预服务 109.956 < 0.001 是 9 998 1 628(87.95) 1 403(83.86) 2 553(90.72) 2 388(82.52) 2 026(76.98) 否 1 866 223(12.05) 270(16.14) 261(9.28) 506(17.48) 606(23.02) 既往是否接受艾滋病抗体检测 123.752 < 0.001 是 1 530 106(5.73) 195(11.66) 243(8.64) 655(22.63) 331(12.58) 否 10 334 1 745(94.27) 1 478(88.34) 2 571(91.36) 2 239(77.37) 2 301(87.42) 是否知晓艾滋病知识 37.364 < 0.001 是 11 431 1 805(97.51) 1 624(97.07) 2 744(97.51) 2 770(95.72) 2 488(94.53) 否 433 46(2.49) 49(2.93) 70(2.49) 124(4.28) 144(5.47) 表 3 福州市2016-2020年MSM人群不同人口学特征感染率比较(%)
Table 3. Comparison on infection rates of MSM group of different demographically characterized in Fuzhou City from 2016 to 2020 (%)
人口特征 年份(年) 趋势χ2值 P值 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 年龄(岁) ≤25 2.87(24/872) 3.75(25/666) 2.69(23/855) 4.26(49/1 194) 2.60(21/808) 0.876 0.349 >25 6.03(59/979) 4.57(46/1 007) 3.52(69/1 959) 5.65(96/1 700) 2.30(41/1 783) 29.743 < 0.001 婚姻状况 未婚/离异/丧偶 3.96(64/1 615) 3.91(55/1 406) 2.91(66/2 271) 4.73(111/2 348) 2.56(53/2 073) 11.269 0.001 在婚/同居 8.05(19/236) 5.99(16/267) 4.79(26/543) 6.23(34/546) 1.61(9/559) 18.570 < 0.001 户籍地 福建省 4.00(66/1 651) 3.54(51/1 440) 2.96(72/2 436) 4.67(112/2 400) 2.30(45/1 958) 10.455 0.001 外省 8.50(17/200) 8.58(20/233) 5.29(20/378) 6.68(33/494) 2.52(17/674) 26.509 < 0.001 文化程度 初中及以下 9.68(12/124) 13.04(15/115) 5.18(13/251) 15.90(38/239) 4.42(11/249) 3.818 0.051 高中或中专 7.11(35/492) 3.95(17/430) 4.59(31/676) 7.43(44/592) 3.19(16/501) 5.134 0.023 大专及以上 2.91(36/1 235) 3.46(39/1 128) 2.54(48/1 887) 3.05(63/2 063) 1.86(35/1 882) 35.142 < 0.001 在本地居住时间(年) 0~<1 20.83(20/96) 5.22(7/134) 5.88(16/272) 8.77(35/399) 2.82(10/354) 26.329 < 0.001 1~<2 1.57(3/191) 1.70(3/176) 2.80(4/143) 4.28(13/304) 2.43(6/247) 0.226 0.635 ≥2 3.83(60/1 564) 4.48(61/1 363) 3.00(72/2 399) 4.43(97/2 191) 2.26(46/2 031) 16.302 < 0.001 表 4 福州市2016-2020年MSM人群HIV监测感染率相关因素Logistic回归分析模型
Table 4. Logistic regression analysis model on relevant factors of HIV monitoring of infection rate among MSM group in Fuzhou City from 2016 to 2020
变量 调查人数(N) HIV阳性人数(n) HIV阳性率(%) 单因素分析 多因素分析 χ2值 P值 β值 ${s_{\bar x}}$值 Wald值 P值 aOR(95% CI)值 年份(年) 9.802 < 0.001 2016 1 851 83 4.48 1.000 2017 1 673 71 4.24 -0.211 0.171 1.525 0.217 0.810(0.580~1.132) 2018 2 814 92 3.27 -0.576 0.160 12.906 < 0.001 0.562(0.411~0.770) 2019 2 894 145 5.01 -0.162 0.149 1.195 0.274 0.850(0.635~1.137) 2020 2 632 32 2.36 -1.062 0.181 34.477 < 0.001 0.346(0.243~0.493) 文化程度 150.689 < 0.001 初中及以下 978 89 9.10 1.000 高中或中专 2 691 162 6.02 -0.351 0.150 4.473 0.019 0.704(0.525~0.945) 大专及以上 8 195 202 2.46 -0.843 0.142 35.210 < 0.001 0.431(0.326~0.568) 在本地居住时间(年) 40.584 < 0.001 0~ < 1 1 255 88 7.01 1.000 1~ < 2 1 061 29 2.73 -0.875 0.225 15.146 < 0.001 0.417(0.268~0.648) ≥2 9 548 336 3.52 -0.448 0.130 11.821 0.001 0.639(0.495~0.825) 最近6个月最近1次肛交行为使用安全套 209.500 < 0.001 否 1 849 181 9.79 1.000 未发生肛交行为或使用安全套 10 015 275 2.75 -0.497 0.136 13.345 < 0.001 0.608(0.466~0.794) 最近6个月肛交性行为安全套使用频率 235.483 < 0.001 从未使用 258 33 12.79 1.000 有时使用 3 394 248 7.31 -0.295 0.212 1.936 0.164 0.745(0.491~1.128) 未发生肛交行为或每次都用 8 212 172 2.09 -1.196 0.246 23.647 < 0.001 0.303(0.187~0.490) 是否吸毒 25.720 < 0.001 否 11 802 443 3.75 1.000 是 62 10 16.13 0.745 0.377 3.907 0.480 2.106(1.006~4.408) 最近1年是否患过性病 83.838 < 0.001 否 11 603 415 3.58 1.000 是 261 38 14.56 1.286 0.196 43.168 < 0.001 3.617(2.465~5.307) 最近1年是否接受艾滋病干预服务 63.908 < 0.001 否 1 866 132 7.07 1.000 是 9 998 321 3.21 -0.519 0.117 19.859 < 0.001 0.595(0.474~0.748) 是否知晓艾滋病知识 45.720 < 0.001 否 433 43 9.93 1.000 是 11 431 410 3.59 -0.437 0.188 5.404 0.020 0.646(0.447~0.934) -
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