中华疾病控制杂志

2017, 21(1): 1-2.

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Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Nanjing, from 2009 to 2013

Michael James Cunningham, LI Wei, ZI Hai-rong, WEI Ping-min

2017, 21(1): 3-7. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.001

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Objective To describe the epidemiological pattern and characteristics of influenza in Nanjing for the period from 2009 to 2013. Methods Influenza samples were collected from influenza like illness (ILI) patients, the positive cases and influenza subtype were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Excel 2007 and SPSS 19.0 were used to analyze the data. Results The influenza positive rate for the period from 2009 to 2013 in Nanjing was 16.7% with 2 990 positives out of a total of 17 906 samples. The positive rate varied by month, quarter (season), and year describing a sequence of peaks presenting primarily in autumn and winter with some summer peak periods. Influenza A was dominant in summer and autumn while B was dominant in winter. The Dominant subtypes in Nanjing in 2009-2013 were 2009 pandemic H1N1, H3N2, and influenza B. H3N2 generally peaked in autumn or summer, 2009 pandemic H1N1 peaked in autumn, and influenza B mainly occurred in winter. The Nanjing influenza season peaks were mostly in autumn and early winter, but also in some years, summer and early autumn peaks of H3N2. Standard modeling using the moving epidemic method showed that the typical or nonpandemic influenza season in Nanjing lasted approximately 11 weeks and had an epidemic threshold of 25.21% and a background rate of 5.82% positive cases of influenza. Conclusions The peak influenza season in Nanjing usually occurs once a year but in some years there may be two peak periods of influenza activity.

Epidemiological analysis of surveillance for influenzain Chaoyang District, Beijing, 2015-2016

WEN Wen, MA Jian-xin, HUANG Li-yong, WANG Hai-bin, LIU Min

2017, 21(1): 8-12. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.002

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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Chaoyang District in Beijing from 2015 to 2016, so as to provide specific evidence for making preventive and control strategies of influenza. Methods Weekly data were collected from influenza-like illness (ILI) report, pathogen surveillance and influenza outbreak report in Chaoyang District in Beijing. Results From 2015 to 2016, a total of 187 072 ILI were reported from the sentinel hospitals in Chaoyang District, with the average of ILI% was 2.42%. The majority of cases were reported fromage group of 0-4, accounted for 44.78% of the total ILI. There was one peak in winter, and the peak of ILI and ILI% emerged in the 6th week and the 7th week in 2016 respectively. A total of 2 082 swab samples from ILI patients were collected and tested, from which 397 specimens were RNA positive, with a positive rate of 19.07%. Two marked epidemic peaks appeared from the 31st week to the 40th week and from the 51st week to the next 13th week, and the second one was more distinct. During this year, four subtypes of influenza virus were observed, and B Yamagata lineage virus, A(H3N2) and B Victoria lineage virus appeared as the dominating strains alternately. From 2015 to 2016, 43 cluster events of influenza were reported totally, and 42(97.67%) of them occurred in childcare facilities and primary school. There were positive correlations both between ILI%, ILI counts and the positive rate of influenza(r_s=0.644,P<0.001; r_s=0.600,P<0.001). Conclusions Different virus sub-types prevailed alternatively from 2015 to 2016. There were similar characteristics among ILI, pathogen surveillance and cluster events of influenza. Enhanced and continuous surveillance is important for the prevention and control of influenza.

Evolutionary feature analysis of influenza A(H1N1pdm09) viruses in Hubei during the pandemic and post-pandemic periods

FANG Bin, LIU Lin-lin, LI Xiang, YE Guo-jun, YU Xiao, SONG Yi

2017, 21(1): 13-18. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.003

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Objective To investigate the difference of pandemic and post-pandemic influenza A (H1N1pdm09) viruses among epidemiological distribution, evolution, epitope and drug-resistant substitutions. Methods The comparative analysis of pandemic and post-pandemic viruses on phylogenetic trees, evolutionary rate and amino acid mutations of the hemagglutinin, and neuraminidase genes in Hubei from 2009 to 2014 were conducted. Results Positive rate of nucleic acid testing for pandemic viruses was higher than post-pandemic viruses, but evolutionary rate was slower, and evolutionary rate of neuraminidase gene was faster than hemagglutinin gene in the both periods. Amino acid substitutions of hemagglutinin epitopes, such as K163Q, A186T, S185T and S203T, had different distributional and positional preference between pandemic and post-pandemic viruses. Drug-resistance site H275Y substitution was found on three post-pandemic viruses, but little substitution had been reported on pandemic viruses before. Conclusions The evolutionary rate, epitope mutation and drug-resistant substitutions of post-pandemic influenza A (H1N1pdm09) viruses are increasing. The situation of prevention and control is grim. Surveillance of influenza A (H1N1pdm09) viruses should be strengthened especially for genetic feature and analysis of drug resistance.

Preliminary study on the molecular epidemiology of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from Guizhou in Western China

YUAN Wei, ZHENG Wen-lin, HE Yu-ying, WEI Chuan-chuan, CHEN Yi-jiang, PANG Yu

2017, 21(1): 19-21,34. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.004

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Objective To analyze the molecular characteristics and estimate the transmission of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the crowd. Methods M. tuberculosis strains were isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in four countries, where the pulmonary tuberculosis report incidence rates were higher than the rest of the province. The strains were analyzed with the deletion of region of difference 105 and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive-unitvariable-number tandem-repeat (MIRU-VNTR) methods. Results Of 273 strains, 49.1% were identified to be Beijing family isolates, and all strains were typed into 262 MIRU-VNTR genotypes, of which 251 strains (91.9%) were unique genotypes and the remaining 22 strains (8.1%) were typed into 11 genotypes. The clustering rate was 8.1%. Conclusions It is the first time to apply 15 MIRU-VNTR loci to genotype the M. tuberculosis strains of Guizhou Province. The results suggest that the strains are highly polymorphic and 8.1% of patients are due to the recent transmission.

Analysis on gene mutation characteristics of multi-drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis in Urumqi City

YANG Jian-dong, CHEN Yang-gui, MA Li, ZHANG Wei-sheng, TU XUN GU Wula-ying, LUO yu-yangguang, RUI Bao-ling

2017, 21(1): 22-25. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.005

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Objective To understand the characteristics of gene mutation in four first-line anti tuberculosis drugs. Methods Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were isolated from sputum samples of 19 MDR-TB infected patients and 254 sensitive TB infected patients for drug sensitivity tests. PCR amplification of DNA extracted from Mycobacterium tuberculosis was performed. The amplified products were sequenced and compared with the standard strain H37Rv. Results 19 strains of MDR-TB Mycobacterium and 254 strains of all sensitive TB Mycobacterium were not detected in isoniazid resistant inhA gene mutation. Multi drug resistant group mutation rate was the highest in isoniazid resistant gene katG, and mutation site of katG gene was 315. Rifampin resistant mutant gene was rpoB.RpoB resistant gene loci were 526 and 531, of which the mutation rate of 531 was higher than that of 526. Mutation of ethambutol resistance was embB, and embB gene resistance locus was 206. Streptomycin resistant mutant gene were rpsL and rrs, and the resistance locus of rpsL gene was 43, and the resistance locus of RRS gene was 1401, and the mutation rate of rpsL gene was higher than that of rrs gene. Conclusions katG, rpoB and embB, rpsL and rrs genes account for isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol and streptomycin multi-drug resistant mutation of mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study provides a theoretical basis for rapid diagnosis and control of multi drug resistant TB in the Urumqi city.

Analysis on genetic diversity of multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis in Wuhan with MIRU-VNTR method

DUAN Qiong-hong, CHEN Cong, WANG Jian-jie, ZHOU Mei-lan, REN Yi, CHEN Jun

2017, 21(1): 26-29. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.006

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Objective To determine the genotype and cluster characteristics of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) mycobacterium tuberculosis in Wuhan City. Mehtods 98 mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from MDR tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients were genotyped by mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat typing (MIRU-VNTR). Allelic diversity, Hunter-Gaston discriminatory index (HGDI), cumulative clustering rate and minimum infection rate estimation were calculated. Results The cumulative allelic diversity was 0.960 4. The discriminatory power was 0.970 8. Gene locus with the highest h and HGDI were Mtub21 and MIRU26 respectively. Seven clusters and 65 unique genotype were identified from 98 isolates, and the cluster rate was 33.67% and the least estimated proportion of recent transmission was 26.53%. Conclusions The 15 locus MIRU-VNTR method demonstrate relatively high discriminatory power and it is suitable for MDR mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates genotyping. Although the epidemic of MDR-TB in Wuhan is mainly due to reactivation, there is still a partial contribution from recent transmission.

Epidemiologic characteristics and temporal-spatial analysis of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and neighboring provinces, 2010-2014

CHEN Qiu-lan, YANG Wei-zhong

2017, 21(1): 30-34. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.007

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Objective To investigate the epidemiologic characteristics and hot-spot areas of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) and neighboring provinces from 2010 to 2014, and to provide evidence for exploring the policy for human brucellosis prevention and control as well as resource allocation at regional level. Methods The epidemiologic characteristics of human brucellosis were analyzed based on the data originated from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System(NNIDS). The spatial distribution was described by disease mapping using ArcGIS 10.3. Space-time scan statistic was used to explore the temporal-spatial clusters. Results From 2010 to 2014, the percentage of affected counties in the nine neighboring provinces rose from 66.56%(611/918)to 90.63%(832/918). There was an apparent increase in the incidence rate from 10.28/100 000 in 2010 to 12.62/100 000 in 2014, with an average annual increase of 5.27%. A seasonal incidence presents with the epidemic period from March to July. The major infected population was aged between 25 to 64 with a percentage of 91.90%. The gender ratio was 2.91:1. Farmers and herdsmen occupied 89.60% of all the cases. During the past five years, a total of 43 space-time clusters were detected, the majority of which took place from January to August and located in counties with high incidence. These clusters laid relatively steadily and expanded from the central of IMAR to more areas. Conclusions During this half decade the human brucellosis was aggravated in this region. The temporal-spatial clusters existed and laid steadily with a trend of expanding from the central of IMAR to more areas. It is necessary to consider establishment of routine surveillance and detection system for early warning of human brucellosis outbreaks. More resource should be allocated to hot-spot areas for enhancing control efforts.

Changing trend of the prevalence of HCV infection and risk factors among new entrants in community-based methadone maintenance treatment

LIU Yin, ZOU Xia, XU Yong, DENG Li-wei, LING Li

2017, 21(1): 35-39. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.008

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Objective To explore the changing trend of hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence and risk factors among new entrants in community-based methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Methods Totally 8 830 new entrants in MMT of Guangdong province were included in this study. HCV infection rates were calculated and logistic regression model was conducted to analyse related risk factors in different years. Results 4 485 new entrants in MMT were recruited from 2006 to 2008 and the prevalence of HCV infection was 77.1%; 3 028 new entrants in MMT were recruited from 2009 to 2011 and the prevalence of HCV infection was 80.7%; 1 317 new entrants in MMT were recruited from 2012 to 2014 and the prevalence of HCV infection was 77.0%; Trend χ² test was not statistical significant(χ_trend²=1.72,P=0.189). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that in 2006-2008, higher education level and being married were protective for HCV infection (all P<0.05), whereas long history of drug use, closer ties with drug fellows in the past six months and injecting drug use were risk factors for HCV infection (all P<0.05). In 2009-2011, higher education level and being married were protective for HCV infection (all P<0.05), however, long history of drug use,closer ties with drug fellows in the past six months and injecting drug use were risk factors for HCV infection (all P<0.05). In 2012-2014, female, long history of drug use and injecting drug use were risk factors for HCV infection (all P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of HCV infection among MMT new entrants was high and had no downtrend. The risk factors were changing, however, long history of drug use and injecting drug use were continuous risk factors for HCV infection. More intervention should be given to publicity of MMT to strengthen prevention and treatment of HCV.

Immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in infant associated with infant weight-for-age

LI Yuan-yuan, CAI Ai-jie, YE·Ye-kejiergeli, DAI Jiang-hong

2017, 21(1): 40-43,47. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.009

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Objective To investigate the association between infant immune response to hepatitis B vaccine and infant weight-for-age. Methods All infants with a complete HBV vaccination from the top three hospitals in Xinjiang province were detected for hepatitis B infection on the first time they came to the hospital from September 2013 to June 2015. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect data on vaccination details, 0-12 months height and weight information, general situation of parents, mother information during pregnancy, information of birth, and other information. Weight-for-age Z score (WAZ) and weight deviation were used for the growth and physiology index assessment to analyze its association with immune response to hepatitis B vaccine. Results 490 boys and 475 girls of total 965 children with a mean age of (1.34±0.56) were included in the study, among which HBV antibody-negative children accounted for 15.23% (147/965). There was no significant difference in the general situation of parents, mother information during pregnancy, information of birth between group (-) and (+)(all P>0.05). Compared group (-) and (+) by 1,3,6 month weight, the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). Infants in group (-) were heavier than those in group (+). Compared group (-) and (+) by 1,3,6 month WAZ, weight deviation, the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). The OR of overweight relative to normal in 1 month was 3.409,95% CI:2.199-5.286, 3 month was 5.339,95% CI:3.128-9.113 and 6 month was 5.106,95% CI:2.910-8.958, overweight group had higher non-response rate compared with normal group. The OR of right-deviation to normal in 1 month was 3.554,95% CI:2.249-5.616, 3 month was 5.785,95% CI:3.271-10.232 and 6 month was 4.486,95% CI:2.642-7.619, overweight group had higher non-response rate compared with normal group. Conclusions The weight of 0-6 months (inoculation period) will affect the level of immune response to hepatitis B vaccine. The fast physical growth of infant have influence on the response to hepatitis B vaccine.

Study on the risk factors for intrauterine infection of hepatitis B virus among pregnant women

YANG Song-jing, HUANG Zhen-xiang, CHEN Bi-qin, SHI Ming-ming, CHEN Jiang-hui, CHEN Jing, LIU Hui-fen, SU Yan-hua, KE Xia-yi, ZHAO Ben-hua

2017, 21(1): 44-47. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.010

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Objective To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnant women and the risk factors for Intrauterine infection of HBV among pregnant women in Xiamen. Methods Total 1 064 pregnant women were included in this study. A questionnaire was performed to collect the general information of the subjects and HBV infection status was tested on the first day when they came to the hospital. Then HBsAg positive pregnant women were selected and followed until delivery. We collected their cord blood and placenta tissue when they delivery. HBsAg and HBV DNA in cord blood and HBsAg in placental tissue were detected. Chi-square test and the non-conditional Logistic regression analysis were conducted to investigate the correlation between HBV intrauterine infection and risk factors. Results 179 out of the 1 064 pregnant women were HBsAg positive. The infection rate was 16.8%. 34 out of 179 HBsAg positive pregnant women were found intrauterine transmission with a rate of 19.0%. The risk factors for the occurrence of HBV intrauterine transmission were placenta HBsAg positive (OR=5.123,95% CI:1.422-18.413), mothers with hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg) positive (OR=4.619,95% CI:1.225-17.534) and overweight(OR=3.343,95% CI:1.233-9.092), respectively. Conclusions Placenta HBsAg positive, mothers with HBeAg positive and overweight are independent risk factors for the occurrence of HBV intrauterine transmission.

Epidemiological analysis and control strategy of anthrax in Shaanxi Province

LIU Dong-li, ZHU Ni, MA Guo-zhu, SHI Yi, MA Lin, LI Wen-juan, ZHANG Zheng, WANG An-li, LIU Feng

2017, 21(1): 52-55. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.012

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Objective To grasp the epidemic situation and risk factors of anthrax, so as to explore countermeasures in Shaanxi Province according to the epidemic characteristics of anthrax. Methods The data of anthrax epidemic were collected from 1955 to 2015, and the descriptive statistic method was used to analyze the distribution of anthrax. The outbreak and laboratory data were also comprehensively evaluated. Results A total of 3 849 cases of anthrax were reported in Shaanxi Province from 1955 to 2015, with the average incidence of 0.21/100 000, the mortality rate was 3.14%. The areas at high risk were concentrated in the prefectures (cities) of Weinan, Xianyang and other regions. The majority cases occurred in the period of July to September each year and the cases were mainly male youth. There was a lack of laboratory data. Conclusions Although Shaanxi Province was in low-prevalence areas of anthrax in China, the outbreak risk was still a continuous threat in Shaanxi Province, especially in rural regions. Therefore, to reduce the risk factors of anthrax incidence, we should emphasize the effect in the aspects of communicating with animal husbandry and veterinary inspection organisms, surveillance system, anthrax treatments, public health education, the results would provide scientific evidence for anthrax control in Shaanxi province.

Clinical features and prognostic risk factors of novel Bunyavirus infection in Chaohu Area

WU Ting, LIU Yan, LI Hong-ru, LI Jia-bin

2017, 21(1): 56-60. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.013

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Objective To investigate the epidemiological features and clinical characteristics of the new Bunyavirus infection in Chaohu Area. Methods We reviewed and analyzed the hospitalized diagnosed cases with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) in Chaohu hospital of Anhui Medical University, from Apr 2012 to Nov 2015. We used descriptive epidemiology method to analyze the epidemiological features, clinical characteristics and influencing factors for the severity of diagnosed cases with SFTSV. Results 57 cases of SFTS were reported during 2012-2015 and the fatality rate was 19.3%; The trend of SFTSV infection had been increasing in Chaohu year by year. Farmers and the olds were the most patients infected with SFTSV; It was prevalent from April to September, and patients were most easily attacked in May and June; Disturbance of consciousness (OR=14.236,95% CI:1.324-152.091), hematuria (OR=2.583,95% CI:1.114-5.990) and high levels of fasting glucose (OR=34.838,95% CI:2.113-569.427) could forecast the severity of SFTSV infection by univariate logistic regression model. Conclusions When the patients are in the event of disturbance of consciousness, hematuria, and high levels of fasting glucose, it indicates a critical condition and medical staff should pay sufficient attention to such performance.

The risk of Schistosomiasisin infection in the Dongting Lake Area based on interaction between people and infected water

XIE Qian, ZHU Xiang, HE Qing-yun

2017, 21(1): 61-64,76. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.014

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Objective To quantitatively evaluate the risk of schistosomiasis infection in Dongting Lake Area. Methods Latest data of schistosomiasis control work in Dongting Lake Area were collected. Based on Interaction between people and infected water, the comprehensive infected risk was calculated by SD and GIS. Results Both Infected water diffusion and Wading activities were significantly correlated with Schistosomiasis infection. The economic and social factors factors played a more important role than the hydrologic condition. The spatial analysis showed that weight of two different risk were 0.59 and 0.41 respectively. The comprehensive infected risks of 15 regions in Dongting Lake Area were between 60% and 80%. Conclusions When the comprehensive infected risks were calculated, peak areas were divided in Dongting Lake Area. Social-dominated control works should be strengthened in these key areas.

Epidemiologic features and relevant factors of traffic injuries in Shanghai, China

LI Yan-hong, BAI Jie, ZHOU Li-qing, WANG Li-hua, ZHOU De-ding, SU Hui-jia, ZHANG Hong-wei

2017, 21(1): 65-68. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.015

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Objective To investigate the traffic injuries epidemiologic features and its relevant factors including income, education level and age in Shanghai, China. Methods The multi-stage stratified probability proportion to size cluster sampling method was conducted to collect the traffic injuries incidence data of Shanghai in 2011 and carrying out indoor investigation on 61 786 residents. Mortality and related socio-demographic data from 1992 to 2012 were obtained from local vital registration system and Shanghai municipal statistics bureau. Multivariate logistic model was used to analyse the independent effect of various variables. Results The incidence of traffic injury was 101.16/10 000. The mortality of traffic injury decreased from 10.73/100 000 in 1992 to 9.32/100 000 in 2012. The incidence of traffic injury among the people with an average monthly income no more than 1 000 CNY was 4.37 times than those no less than 5 000 CNY. Those educational level under the primary school people's mortality and incidence were 27.05/100 000 and 146.88/10 000 respectively, which were 6.41 times and 2.42 times compared to those with college degree or above. The mortality of 5-9 years old age group was the highest among 0-14 years old children. The age group of 30-34 and 55-59 had the highest traffic injury incidence increment. Multivariate regression analysis showed that lower income, lower education and elder age could lead to higher risk of traffic injuries. Conclusions Lower income, lower education level and older in age are main risk factors of traffic-related injuries and those people should be the target intervention populations. It is urgent to establish a big shared injury data application platform for better implement of targeted prevention and control measures and equalized public health services supplying.

Analysis on current situation and influencing factors of injury among three community residents in Guangzhou

LUO Xu, HAN Lu, ZHOU Ya-min, LIU Xiao-ling, CHEN Qing-shan

2017, 21(1): 69-71,88. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.016

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Objective To know the current situation and influencing factors of injury among three community residents in Guangzhou, and to provide scientific basis for effective community injury intervention policy. Methods The Injury Questionnaire designed by the research group was applied to survey 500 residents in three communities in Tianhe District,Guangzhou.The causes of injury were tested by chi square test for the different gender and age groups. Results The incidence of injury was 30.3%. 15 to 29 age group had the highest incidence (30.0%), whereas 7 to 14 age group had the lowest incidence of injury (10.8%). Palyground, streets, private residence and leisure places were the most common places that injury occurred in October.The main injury types were sprain (26.0%), drop/fall injury (25.8%), cuts (18.7%) and blunt injury (17.5%).Upper and lower limbs were the most frequently injured body parts.The average rest days, hospitalization time and the number of outpatient service caused by traffic injury were the highest(respectively for 5.00 d,2.70 d,1.53 time),whereas those due to electrically injury were the lowest(respectively for 0.50 d,0.00 d,0.00 time). Conclusions The incidence of injury among the community residents was high, indicating that interfering measure should be implemented according to the characteristics of injury occurring in communities.

Analysis on prevalence and risk factors for falls among the elderly in communities of Beijing and Shanghai

TANG Yu-xin, GUO Xiao-mu, QIAO Zhi-jiao, QIU Pei-yuan

2017, 21(1): 72-76. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.017

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Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for falls among community-dwelling older people in Beijing and Shanghai,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention on falls. Methods Using the multi-stage random sampling method, we randomly selected four communities in Beijing and six communities in Shanghai to investigate the people aged above 60 years. Results A total of 1 345 elderly people accepted the survey and completed all questionnaires, among which 342 people had falls for a total of 478 times in 2014, the incidence rate of falls was 35.54%. Falls primarily occurred inside home, accounting for 45.61% of total types. Multivariate analysis showed the factors of falls were age, diseases which are easily leading to falls, understanding of self-ability, improper-fitting and slippery shoes and inappropriate stairs. Conclusions Beijing and Shanghai had high incidences of falls, mainly occurred inside home. In order to reduce the incidence of falls in elderly people, it should be integrated in all aspects of interventions from individuals, families and communities for the high-risk groups.

Analysis on mortality and years of life lost due to gastric cancer in urban and rural area of Xiamen

WU Xiao-qing, LIN Yi-lan, RONG Biao, CHEN Min, CHEN Guo-wei

2017, 21(1): 77-79,98. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.018

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Objective To explore the trend of mortality and years of life lost due to gastric cancer in urban and rural area of Xiamen, so as to provide the basis data on preventing gastric cancer in Xiamen. Methods Data of residents in urban and rural area of Xiamen dying of gastric cancer during 2002 to 2013 were collected and cleared up to calculate the evaluation indexes including the mortality rate, and the average potential life lost (AYLL). Results From 2002 to 2013, the average mortality rates of gastric cancer in urban and rural area of Xiamen were 16.75 per 100 000 persons and 14.64 per 100 000 persons; the AYLLs were 8.11 years and 10.27 years, respectively. Both in urban and in rural, the mortality rate and the average rate of potential life lost (PYLLR) always kept in a smooth level; the mortality rates in male were always much higher than those in female; the mortality rate rose as the age grew and peaked at 75-age group. Conclusions Though the mortality rate of gastric cancer in urban and rural stays in a smooth level, the value of mortality is still high. So we still have to pay more attention to preventing and curing of gastric cancer.

Clustering status and risk factors analysis of cardiovascular disease among residents aged 18 and above from five cities and counties in Guangxi Province

FANG Zhi-feng, ZHU Ting, LIU Zhan-hua, CHEN Yu-zhu, LU Wu-tao, LI Zhong-you, WANG Qi-chun, TANG Zhen-zhu

2017, 21(1): 80-83. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.019

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Objective To analyse the clustering status and risk factors of cardiovascular disease among residents aged 18 and above from five cities and counties in Guangxi Province. Methods Data were collected from Chinese residents' nutrition and health monitoring (2010-2012). Odds ratio was assessed by multinomial logistic regression. Results The overweight and obesity rate was 23.5%, the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was 23.7% and 8.0% respectively, also the abnormal rate of dyslipidemia was 40.1%.63.4% had at least one cardiovascular risk factor, 34.2%, 19.7% and 9.5% of participants had 1, 2, and ≥3 major cardiovascular risk factors. The odds ratios of 1, 2 and ≥3 cardiovascular risk factors in men were 1.281, 1.536, and 1.600 times than women. The odds ratio in older age group (>65)were 3.714,10.366 and 26.662 times than those in younger age group (18-34). The odds ratio of 2 and ≥3 cardiovascular risk factors in the Hans were 1.267 and 1.620 times than those in the Zhuang and other minorities,and 1.366 and 2.587 times than those in rural area. Conclusions The cardiovascular risk factors of adult residents in Guangxi Province showed high clustering, especially the dyslipidemia. It is necessary to strength the management on high risk population of dyslipidemia so as to reduce the incidence and improve the progress of cardiovascular disease.

Thyroid hormone disrupting activity of house dust and related pollutants

YANG De-hong, ZHANG Xiao-ling, LU Xiao-mei, ZHANG Qi, WANG Bing-ling

2017, 21(1): 84-88. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.020

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Objective To detect the thyroid hormone disrupting activity of house dust extract with the reporter transcriptional activation assay. Methods The restructured reporter plasmid pUAS-tk-Luc, expression vector Gal4-L-TRβand transfection reagent SofastTM were transfected into HEK-293 cells. Different concentrations of house dust extract, and five nmol/L triiodothyronine (T3) were added into the culture medium. The expression of the luciferase was detected by the luciferase reporter gene detector. Simultaneously, 5 families of organic compounds with possibility to disrupting the thyroid hormone were analyzed. Results The one-way ANOVA linear trend test showed that the luciferase expression decreased with the increased concentrations of the extract, which indicated the decreased activity of the T3 with P<0.001. The luciferase expression of the 10.00 and 20.00 mg dust/mL groups was significantly lower than that of the 5 nmol/L T3 group (P=0.012 and 0.002, respectively). Chemical analysis showed that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phalate esters, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyl and phenols were 0.2-3.7 μg/g, not detected-117.4 μg/g, not detected-1.0 μg/g, 1.0-25.0 ng/g and not detected-32.5 μg/g, respectively. Conclusions The activity of the thyroid hormone could be inhibited by house dust extract by disrupting the combination with the thyroid hormone receptor, which indicated that the house dust exposure in early childhood might cause potential neuro developmental influence.

The epidemiological situation of human papillomavirus infection among women in China

SHAN Wei, ZHANG Tao, ZHANG Tie-jun, ZHAO Gen-ming

2017, 21(1): 89-93. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.021

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Cervical cancer has caused heavy social and economical burden to our country and worldwide. Human papillomavirus (HPV), especially the high-risk type, is closely associated with cervical precancerous lesions and invasive cervical cancer. The discovery of HPV vaccine has undoubtedly brought benefits to women with high risk. Several countries have already conducted the HPV vaccine immunization programs. While limited information on the epidemiology of HPV infection in China is available, although the bivalent vaccine has just been approved in our country. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the epidemiological status of HPV infection among women in China and provide instruction for the development and application of HPV vaccine, also contribute to the prevention of cervical cancer.

Research advance on the influence of exposure to polyunsaturated fatty acid in early life on childhood allergic diseases

TAO Jun, CAI Li

2017, 21(1): 94-98. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.022

Abstract(251)

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Abstract:
In the last few years, the incidence of allergic diseases has been rising constantly, which lead to huge damage to children's life quality and socio-economic benefits. The occurrence of allergic diseases in early life not only exerted negative influence on children's physical and mental health, but also might turn into a risk factor for allergic diseases in adulthood. Therefore, the prevention of allergic diseases in childhood is of great significance to the public health. There are evidence showing that the exposure of polyunsaturated fatty acid in early life can influence the development of allergic diseases. However, the related mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The effect of different dose, timing and duration of exposure to polyunsaturated fatty acid on allergic diseases are still unclear. In this review, we would present the available information on the relationship of exposure to polyunsaturated fatty acid early in life and childhood allergic diseases and its related mechanisms.

Analysis of brucellosis epidemic from 2005 to 2015 in Shaanxi

CHEN Bao-bao, FAN Suo-ping, AN Cui-hong, LEI Yi, LV Wen, SUN Yang-xin

2017, 21(1): 99-101,106. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.023

Abstract(167)

PDF(17)

Abstract:

Risk factors investigation analysis on relapse after curing pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Sanya City

LI Yong-hua, LI Zhao-yong, HUANG Long

2017, 21(1): 102-104. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.024

Abstract(219)

PDF(32)

Abstract:

2017, 21(1): 105-106. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.01.025

Abstract(270)

PDF(23)

Abstract:

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Editor

Editor-in-Chief Ye Dongqing M.D.

Assistant editor Fan Yinguang M.D.

Assistant editor Pan Haifeng M.D.

Assistant editor