中华疾病控制杂志

Precision nutrition prevention and intervention of chronic diseases

BA Qian, CHEN Pei-zhan, WANG Hui

2018, 22(12): 1203-1206. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.001

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With social and economic development, the health level of Chinese residents has been improved, however, chronic diseases pose new challenges for preventive medical research and public health. One of the important factors for the rapid increase in the incidence of chronic metabolic diseases is the nutritional imbalance (overnutrition or malnutrition). Since the significant differences in nutrient requirements and intake among individuals, how to target different individuals and individuals in different states to identify the specific needs and proceed nutritional supplements precisely, and further prevent and interfere with the chronic diseases, are not only the important development direction of nutrition science and preventive medicine, but also an urgent need for the promotion of the residents health and social development.

Temporal-spatial characteristic analysis of AIDS/HIV epidemic during 2011-2016 in China

SUN Shu-man, LI Zhi-ming, ZHANG Hui-guo, HU Xi-jian

2018, 22(12): 1207-1210,1215. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.002

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Objective In this paper, passenger quantity, GDP per capita, population density and the number of beds per thousand were investigated to reflect the spatio-temporal trend of AIDS/HIV incidence of 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions from 2011 to 2016 in China, in order to provide a reference for controlling the spread of AIDS/HIV. Methods A geographically and temporally weighted Poisson regression model was established. The coefficient function was estimated and visualized according to locally linear geographical weighted regression method and iterative weighted least square estimation. Some spatio-temporal non-stationary properties of AIDS/HIV cases in different time and regions were studied. Result There existed the temporal and spatial characteristics and trend in the high-incidence areas. Macro factors with different times and regions had different influences on the number of AIDS/HIV cases. Conclusion Statistics for goodness of fit (R², AIC, MSE) showed GTWPR model was better than Poisson regression model, which could reflect spatio-temporal interaction and non-stationary characteristics. Result showed that the spatial and temporal distribution of AIDS/HIV epidemic was closely related to four macro factors.

Spatiotemporal characteristics of HIV/AIDS in Guangdong province, 2007-2017

ZHANG Ke-chun, FU Xiao-bing, LIU Jun, LIN Qi-hui, XU Yu-cheng, LI Yan

2018, 22(12): 1211-1215. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.003

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Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and spatial and temporal distribution of HIV/AIDS in Guangdong province, so as to provide scientific evidence for the prevention and control of AIDS. Methods Newly reported HIV/AIDS data from 2007 to 2017 in Guangdong were collected from HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Information Management System. OpenGeoDa 1.8 software was used for autocorrelation analysis, SaTScan 9.4 software was used for statistical analysis of spatial scanning, and finally geographic information system was used for visualization with Arcgis 10.4 software. Results 76 476 HIV/AIDS cases were totally reported in Guangdong from 2007 to 2017, the scope of spatial distribution on HIV/AIDS expanded annually and concentrated in certain areas. Global Moran's I index was between 0.25 and 0.34 annually(P<0.05). Spatial and temporal scan analysis revealed that three categories including Shenzhen city (six counties), Yangjiang city and Luoding city(six counties), Guangzhou city, Foshan city, Dongguan city, Jiangmen city and Zhongshan city(nineteen counties) were the main spatial and temporal cluster in area in 2007-2017(P<0.05). Conclusions The "high-high" clustering areas gradually covered most counties in Pearl River Delta(PRD), and Yangjiang and its surrounding areas gradually withdrew from the "high-high" clustering areas, suggesting that the PRD region was the key area for prevention and control of AIDS in Guangdong province in recent years.

Spatial distribution of AIDS epidemic in Yantai City based on geographic information system

XUE Jian, CHENG Xiao-song, LIN Rong, JIANG Ju-jun, YU Xiang-dong, SUN Hao-yu, WANG Mao-bo

2018, 22(12): 1216-1220,1314. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.004

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Objective To analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients in Yantai and explore the hot spots of HIV/AIDS, in order to provide theoretical basis for the formulation of public health policies and the allocation of health resources in Yantai City. Methods Based on geographic information system (GIS), the spatial cluster of HIV/AIDS in Yantai was analyzed using Moran's I and local indicators of spatial autocorrelation (LISA). Spatial scanning statistics relative risk (RR) was used to explore the hot spots of HIV/AIDS in Yantai. Results A total of 1 007 HIV/AIDS cases in Yantai were reported from 1992 to 2017. Homosexuality was the major route of HIV/AIDS transmission. It showed spatial autocorrelation at township (street) level in Yantai (Moran's I=0.257 5, P<0.001), the main types of accumulation areas were high-high, low-low and low-high accumulation area. A total of two hot spots were discovered by spatial scanning analysis, centered on Zhifu District and Longkou City, respectively. The most likely clusters were Zhifu District, Qing Yang Street, Fuxin Street in Fushan District, Fu Laishan streets, Guxian streets, Bajiao streets in Kaifaqu District and Chujia streets, Binhailu Streets and Huanghailu streets in Laishan District (RR=4.22, P<0.001). The secondly clusters were Donglai Street, Longgang Street, Xinjia Street, Zhuyouguan Town, Dongjiang Town and Xufu Street (RR=2.14, P<0.001) in Longkou City. Conclusions HIV/AIDS epidemic shows a spatial dependence in Yantai. Prevention should be focused on hot spots, such as Zhifu District and Longkou City, and intervention of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) should be strengthened.

Survival analysis of HIV/AIDS adult patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Zhaojue

SUN Xiao-meng, MA Fang-hua, ZHAO Jian-wei, ZHUOMA Lacuo, He Ya-ping, DA Zheng-Ciji, YUAN Xin-hao, LUAN Rong-sheng

2018, 22(12): 1221-1224,1247. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.005

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Objective To explore the survival and its influencing factors among adult human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) program in Zhaojue county, Liangshan prefecture. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted among HIV/AIDS patients who received antiretroviral therapy from January 1st, 2005 to March 20th, 2017. Survival data of patients were collected. Survival time and its related factors were analyzed by survival analysis. Results Of all the patients, 1 528(68.95%) were still under the therapy, 222(10.02%) died of AIDS, the average survival time of them was 33.76 months, and the median was 13 months,99(44.59%) had the treatment duration of less than 1 year. The cumulative survival rates were 0.93, 0.90, 0.88, 0.86, 0.85 from 2006 to 2010. Cox proportional hazard regression suggested that the survival time was associated with the age at therapy initiation, baseline CD4⁺T cell count, and AIDS-related diseases or symptoms before treatment. Conclusions The national free treatment program had significantly reduced the AIDS mortality rate, prolonged the patient's survival time in Zhaojue. There were several factors that affected the patient's survival during the treatment, some effective measures should be taken to improve HAART treatment effectiveness,such as early detection of HIV/AIDS and timely treatment.

Analysis of the survival conditions of HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Beijing in 2005-2015 and the related factors

CHEN Jing, XU Min, ZHAO Xiao, HUANG Chun, LU Hong-yan

2018, 22(12): 1225-1228. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.006

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Objective To analyze the survival rates of HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy and related factors,and evaluate the effect of ART in Beijing in 2005-2015. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the data collected from the National HAART reporting system during 2005-2015. Life table method was applied to calculate the survival proportion; Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the average survival time at the end of observation; COX proportion hazard regression model was performed to identify the factors related to survival time. Results A total number of 10 077 cases was selected; the average survival time was 131.24 months(130.48-132.00), and the total case fatality ratio was 0.45/100, and the 1, 5 and 10 actuarial survival rates were 99.25%, 98.22% and 96.01% after ART. Multivariate COX regression showed the related factors were transmission route, patients'age and the CD4⁺T cell counts when antiretroviral therapy began. Conclusions The antiretroviral therapy resulted in low fatality rate and high survival rate among HIV/AIDS patients and was significantly effective in Beijing; the related factors were transmission route, patients' age and CD4⁺T cell counts when antiretroviral therapy began.

Trends of CD4⁺T cell count among HIV/AIDS patients prior to antiretroviral therapy initiation and its association with immunological recovery and mortality after treatment

DONG Wen-bin, LI Shi-fu, ZHAO Jin-xian, SU Shu, CHEN Li-yue, CAI Ying, ZHU Yong-fen, LIU Xiao-chun, LU Jian-bo, LI Shun-xiang, XU Jie, LI Ze, WU Qiang

2018, 22(12): 1229-1233. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.007

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Objective To examine the association between the natural trends of CD4⁺T cell prior to antiretroviral therapy (ART) initation and immunological recovery and mortality after ART among HIV/AIDS patients in Yuxi Prefecture, Yunnan. Methods The natural changes of the CD4⁺T cell before ART were divided into four groups among HIV/AIDS patients, the immunologic recovery was described and Kaplan-Meier method were used to describe survival curve among different groups of patients initiated ART. Multivariate logistic regression were used to analyse factors associated with immune non-responses. Results Among 777 HIV/AIDS patients, the natural changes of CD4⁺T cell after ART was significantly lower in gently and rapidly increased groups than rapidly decline groups among ART-naive HIV/AIDS patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that patients with natural increase of CD4⁺T cell counts before ART initiation (OR=2.416,95% CI:1.264-4.616,P=0.008;OR=1.997,95% CI:1.067-3.737,P=0.031), with baseline CD4⁺T cell counts more than 500cell/μL (OR=6.550, 95%CI:3.315-12.941, P<0.001) and those older than 50 years old at ART initiaiton (OR=4.276, 95%CI:1.761-10.3865, P=0.001) were more likely to have immune non-responses after ART. The cumulative survival rate was significantly lower in gently increased groups than the gently and rapid decline groups (χ²=8.979,P=0.003;χ²=4.158,P=0.041), further stratified analysis showed that those with baseline CD4 counts less than 200 cell/μl, as well (all P<0.05). Conclusions An association was identified between the natural changes of CD4⁺T cell before ART and the immunologic recovery after ART, INRs and mortality.

Study on adherence to antiretroviral therapy and its associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in Wuhan City

DING Chang-mian, YANG Yin-mei, WANG Wei, LI Shi-yue, YAN Hong

2018, 22(12): 1234-1237. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.008

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Objective To study adherence to antiretroviral therapy and its associated factors among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA) in Wuhan City, so as to provide scientific evidence for policy making. Methods A face-to-face anonymous survey was conducted using self-designed questionnaire among PLWHA recruited by convenient sampling. Results Among 451 PLWHA, the average adherence was 98.73%. 414(91.8%) of respondents had 95% or higher adherence, while 37(8.2%) had adherence less than 95%. Multivariate analysis showed that those PLWHA with more than 24 months' treatment duration (OR=0.383, 95% CI:0.191-0.767, P=0.007), higher stigma scale score (OR=0.980, 95% CI:0.961-0.999, P=0.042) had worse adherence. Conclusions PLWHA in Wuhan City have high adherence to antiretroviral therapy. We should pay more attention on the people with longer treatment time and higher stigma score and explore intervention measures to improve patients' medication adherence.

Prevalence and factors influencing depression and anxiety among AIDS patients in Ili Prefecture

CHEN Tao, WANG Wei, CHEN Zhi-Sheng, Deng Chao-ming, LIU Nai-peng, YE Shao-dong, WANG Xue-min, WANG Gui-zhen, LIU wei, ZHANG Hong-bo

2018, 22(12): 1238-1242. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.009

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Objective To investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety symptoms and its influencing factors among AIDS who are receiving antiretroviral therapy(ART) in Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture of China. Methods The research was conducted in Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture of China and data were collected from questionnaire and the system of AIDS follow-up management. Results Participants with symptoms of depression and anxiety accounted for 20.6% and 14.3% respectively in 412 participants. The results of Multivariate Logistic Regression analyses showed that participants with good knowledge of ART and better adherence to ART and taking part in Qiayi culture activity were less likely to have symptoms of depression. Divorce, separation or being widow were risk factors of depression. The results also presented that unemployed participants were more likely to have anxiety symptoms and anxiety symptoms were associated significantly with tobacco use. Conclusion Developing the strategy of mental health service and strengthening social and family support could improve mental health of people living with HIV.

Perceived stigma and social support of older HIV positive female in Hunan rural area

ZHANG Qiang, LI Xing-li, YANG Hai-xia, YAN Jun-xia, Feng Xiang-ling

2018, 22(12): 1243-1247. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.010

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Objective To disclose the status of perceived stigma and social support of the older human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive female in rural area of Hunan, China. Methods Comprehensive HIV prevention system was used to select older female who live in Yongzhou. Information related to the status of perceived stigma and social support was collected. Results The older female infectors reported a significantly higher stigma score of the overall scale than that of older male infectors from the same population (t=11.59, P<0.001), but a lower score in the dimension of blaming (t=-6.14, P<0.001). Participants of Han nationality, had no economical sources, or lived alone had a higher perceived stigma level compared with others (all P<0.05). The results of correlation analysis suggested that the subjective social support had a negative relationship with distance and discrimination(all P<0.05), the objective social support had a positive relationship with blaming(r=0.27, P=0.005),the utilization of social support was positively related to the blaming dimension(r=0.41,P<0.005). Conclusions HIV positive female in Hunan rural area have a higher level of perceived stigma than their male partners but a quite lower level of social support compared with normal older adults.

Analysis on depressive symptoms and related factors of men who have sex with men attending HIV voluntary counseling and testing clinics in Shanghai

XIE Yan, LIU Ying, YANG Yong-mei

2018, 22(12): 1248-1251. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.011

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Objective To examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and related factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) attending HIV voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) clinics in Shanghai. Methods MSM attending two VCT clinics in Shanghai from March to August, 2015 were recruited into a cross-sectional study. Information of depressive symptoms and related factors was collected by face-to-face questionnaire interviews. Results A total of 738 MSM were successfully recruited and the prevalence of depressive symptoms was 38.8% (286/738). Multivariate Logistic regression indicated that the risk factors for depressive symptoms in MSM were witness of physical domestic violence in childhood (OR=1.80,95% CI:1.23-2.63, P=0.002), uncertainty of sexual partners' HIV statuses (OR=1.70,95% CI:1.20-2.40, P=0.003) or having HIV-positive partners (OR=1.86,95% CI:1.07-3.24, P=0.028), whereas the protective factors were age ≥ 46 (OR=0.13,95% CI:0.04-0.43, P=0.001), sexual role as ‘1’ (OR=0.56,95% CI:0.39-0.82, P=0.003), and having male regular sexual partners (OR=0.58,95% CI:0.42-0.80, P=0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of depressive symptoms is high in MSM attending VCT clinics. Thus, system for depressive symptoms screening and referral needs to be established in VCT clinics.

Analysis on the Characteristics of HIV genetic diversity and clusters among MSMs in Tianjin

ZHENG Min-na, ZHOU Ning, NING Tie-lin, LI Long, ZHAO Xuan, ZHU Jing-jin, CHENG Shao-hui

2018, 22(12): 1252-1256. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.012

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Objective To understand the genetic diversity and characteristics of clusters of HIV strains among MSMs in Tianjin. Methods Pol gene fragments were obtained from 100 newly discovered and transformed HIV-positive HIV-infected antiretro viral therapy (ART) -naïve MSM who visited a retrospective cohort study of MSMs from June 2013 to June 2017 in Tianjin, by viral plasma RNA extraction and amplification. Genetic, drug-resistance and phylogenetic analyses were used to evaluate the characteristics of HIV molecular clusters combined with patient demographic and behavioral characteristics within the context of the entire cohort. Results 60.0% (60/100), 28.0% (28/100), 6.0% (6/100), 4.0% (4100) and 2.0% (2/100) of the individuals were infected under HIV subtypes CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, B, CRF55_01B and URFs. 7. 0% (7/100) of infectors had transmitted drug-resistance mutations. The TDR prevalence rates of different subtypes were 3.0% (3/100) of subtype B, 2.0% (2/100) of CRF01_AE, 1.0% (1/100) of CRF07_BC and 1.0% (1/100) of CRF55_01B. TDRs was predominantly towards NNRTIs 4.0% (4/100). In contrast, TDR to NRTIs and PIs were 2.0% (2/100) and 1.0% (1/100) respectively. We identified 13 transmission clusters including 31 infectors. There were statistically significant differences in subtype, registration and history of sexually transmitted diseases between clustered and non-clustered infected people (P<0.050). Conclusions Results from this study suggested that the prevalence trends of HIV-1 CRFs, URFs and TDR strains among MSM were not optimistic. More attentions should be paid for prevention and control of HIV epidemic in Tianjin.

Study on factors influencing condoms use among young men who have sex with men based on the information-motivation-behavioral skills model

LUO Ye-tao, JING Dan, HU Ling, ZHU Hua, YE Meng-liang

2018, 22(12): 1257-1260. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.013

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Objective To explore the positive and negative influencing factors of condoms use among young men who have sex with men (YMSM), and to evaluate the effect of HIV/AIDS intervention service. Methods A status survey of 726 YMSM(15-29 age) was conducted by Snowball sampling method in Chongqing, Sichuan and Guangxi provinces,the western of China. The questionnaire was based on the Information-Motivation-Behavior Skills (IMB) Model. Amos 17.0 software was used to build the extend IMB model. Result In the last six months, 59.64% YMSM used condoms every time when they had anal sex, and 57.71% YMSM used condoms during the whole sex process. The extend IMB fit the data well. The influencing factors of condoms use among YMSM were behavioral skills, preventive behavior costs, HIV/AIDS intervention service, preventive knowledge, preventive motivation, degree of education, monthly disposable income, and the total effect coefficient of influencing factors were 0.417,-0.366,0.258,0.141,0.159,0.053, 0.020, respectively. Conclusions HIV/AIDS intervention service have a positive influencing factor to condoms use, but preventive behavior costs inhibit condoms use among YMSM. In the future, the intervention service should carry out risk education, focusing on preventive behavior costs and the fact inadequate knowledge of prevention information, and appropriately strengthen the intensity and the scope of HIV/AIDS intervention service among YMSM.

Prevalence of recent HIV-1 infection and its influencing factors among HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Tianjin from 2013 to 2015

NING Tie-lin, ZHENG Min-na, BAI Jian-yun, ZHAO Xuan, GUO Yan, ZHOU Ning, YU Mao-he, DU Xiang-rui, CHENG Shao-hui

2018, 22(12): 1261-1264. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.014

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Objective To investigate the status of recent HIV-1 infection among HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Tianjin and the associated factors. Methods General demographic information of newly reported HIV/AIDS cases transmitted through homosexual contact was collected from 2013 to 2015, and HIV blood samples were detected to identify recent HIV-1 infection using IgG-capture BED-enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA), then the annual proportion of recent HIV-1 infection was calculated. Factors associated with recent HIV-1 infection were analyzed by the univariate and multivariate unconditional Logistic regression. Results A total of 1 474 HIV/AIDS cases transmitted through homosexual contact were reported in Tianjin from 2013 to 2015, and 495 recent HIV-1 infection cases were identified, the rate was 45.7%. Demographic characteristics of recent HIV-1 infection cases were similar from 2013 to 2015(all P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that patients who aged <25 years (OR=1.639, 95% CI:1.089-2.466) and students (OR=1.984,95% CI:1.144-3.442) were more likely to be newly infected. The cases who had a high school education level (OR=1.460,95% CI:1.059-2.013) or college education level (OR=1.392, 95% CI:1.003-1.931) were more likely to be newly infected than those who had a primary school education. Compared with being identified by hospitals, the recent HIV-1 infections were more likely to be found through voluntary counseling and testing (OR=3.658, 95% CI:2.393-5.590), STD admission to hospital (OR=3.784, 95% CI:2.262-6.329), men who have sex with men (MSM) investigation (OR=4.021, 95% CI:2.700-5.987) and unpaid blood donation (OR=5.192, 95% CI:2.775-9.712). Conclusions Proportion of recent infection was at a high level among HIV-positive MSM in Tianjin. It is necessary to strengthen the promotion of HIV active surveillance, and intervention should be focused on MSMs at young age, with higher education levels and students, in order to reduce the secondary transmission.

The epedemiological survey of HIV and syphilis infection among young men who have sex with men

ZHU Zheng-ping, XU Yuan-yuan, WU Su-shu, LIU Li, LI Xin, XU Wen-jiong, DONG Xiao-qing, DONG Xiao-xiao, LI Xiao-shan, WEI Ping-min

2018, 22(12): 1265-1269. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.015

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Objective To master the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and syphilis and to analyze the risk factors associated with HIV infection among men who have sex with men(YMSM) in Nanjing during recent 5 years. Methods We used the data of consecutive cross-sectional surveys among MSM conducted in Nanjing from 2013 to 2017.We analyzed the data of participants of age from 16 to 24 years old. Results 1 029 YMSM were included, with the majority of YMSM being single, and also included Han ethnic people and self-identified homosexuals. Over 73.66% of YMSM had at least a college education. The total prevalence of HIV, current syphilis and previous syphilis was 8.65%, 4.18% and 8.84%, respectively. The changing trends of the prevalence were not statistically different (all P>0.05). The proportion of the participants seeking sexual partners through the internet rose from 63.96% to 73.86%, while the rate of the participants who had UAI in the past six months decreased from 55.86% to 36.93%, and condom use rate in the last act of anal sex rose from 62.00% to 80.71%, with all of the differences being statistically significant (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that the variables of had UAI in the past six months, receptive and dual sexual role, and currently syphilis infection were independently associated with HIV infection. Conclusions HIV and syphilis prevalence among YMSM in Nanjing were high. As the majority of YMSM were students or college above educated, measures of AIDS and sexual transmitted diseases control and prevention in schools and universities should be implemented in a long term. It is necessary to develop internet based intervention methods tailor to YMSM. The key measures for HIV prevention among YMSM were consistent condom use and sexual transmitted diseases prevention and standardized treatment.

Relationship between sexual sensation seeking and the situation of having sex with men for the first time among young men who have sex with men

LI Yu, LI Shi-yue, YANG Hui-min, DENG Shu-min, LI Xiao-yan, DING Chang-mian, YAN Hong

2018, 22(12): 1270-1273. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.016

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Objective To explore the association between sexual sensation seeking and the situation of having sex with men for the first time among young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Methods YMSM were recruited through online publicity, organization of outreach activities together with HIV voluntary testing services. And they were investigated via anonymous questionnaires. Results A total number of 375 valid questionnaires were received.The first gay sex age was (18.98±2.11), 83.38% happened by mutual consent, 61.93% had sex with man who was older, 50.94% used condoms for the first time, 35.12% chose friend as the first sexual partner. Results from partial correlation analysis showed that sexual sensation seeking was negatively correlated with the first gay sex age and condoms using (r=-0.171 and -0.248,respectively). The multinomial logistic regression results showed that every point increasing of sexual sensation seeking score indicated that the possibility of the first gay sex age dropped from 20 and above to 18~20 and less than 18 increased 0.065-fold and 0.109-fold respectively (OR=1.065,95% CI:1.016-1.117; OR=1.109,95%CI:1.046-1.175). And the possibility of the first gay sex without using condoms increased 0.070-fold (OR=1.070, 95% CI:1.034-1.107). On the contrary, those who owned lower sexual sensation seeking score tended to choose friends rather than encounter sexual partners when having sex with men for the first time (OR=0.936, 95% CI:0.900-0.974). Conclusions YMSM who owned higher sexual sensation seeking score were younger and tended to choose encounter sexual partners when having sex with men for the first time. They were also more likely to have sex for the first time without using condoms.

Qualitative study on the demand for non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis among MSM in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

ZENG Zi, LI Zhi, LAN Guang-hua, LIU Hui, XU Jie, YIN Wen-yuan

2018, 22(12): 1274-1277. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.017

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Objective To investigate the demands and related factors of non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM), so as to provide evidence-based information for expanding nPEP services in the future. Methods We recruited MSM key informants through the MSM community intervention group in Guangxi, and then carried out in-depth interviews. The data was analyzed using thematic framework analysis to understand the nPEP service demands, attitudes, motives and suggestions of MSM. Results A total of 25 MSM key informants were interviewed. The risk of HIV exposure was high among MSM due to unsafe sexual practices. 16 interviewees believed that nPEP was an undeniable necessity to them. Factors associated with the demand for nPEP included the self-awareness of HIV infection risk, uncertainty of being free of risky behavior, prices of nPEP service, drug side effects, etc. Almost all interviewees considered that nPEP service should be provided for MSM. Conclusion There is a certain demand for nPEP services among MSM. Besides behavioural changes, as a biomedical remedy to prevent the spread of HIV, nPEP services should be implemented as soon as possible in our country, in order to reduce the new infection of HIV/AIDS.

Epidemiological characteristics of HIV infections among the population aged 50 and over in the main urban districts of Chongqing

CHEN Zong-liang, ZHOU Chao, ZHANG Wei, HAN Mei, OU Yang-lin, LU Rong-rong, WU Guo-hui

2018, 22(12): 1278-1282. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.018

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Objective The epidemiological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among the population aged ≥ 50 years in the main urban area in Chongqing were analyzed, in order to provide a reliable epidemiology basis for further control and prevention of AIDS. Methods The 3 495 AIDS Surveillance data from 2012 to 2016 was collected from National AIDS Comprehensive Data Information System. Results A total of 3 495 cases were reported during the study period, including 715 deaths. The cases reported in 2016 was 2.7 times greater than that reported in 2012. The cases aged 50-59 years old accounted for 47.3% of all the cases. Majority cases were married, accounting for 65.7% (2 295/3 495) of the all the cases. Patients with junior high school degree and below accounted for 78.2% (2 732/3 495) of all the cases. Sexual contact was the main transmission mode of HIV, accounting for 97.5% (3 409/3 495) of the total cases. Among them, 88.4% (3 091/3 495) and 9.1% (318/3 495) of the cases were transmitted through heterosexual and male homosexual, respectively. A total of 63.6% (2 222/3 495) of the positive samples was from medical institutions, while other 32.8% (1 148/3 495) was from center for disease control and prevention (CDC). Conclusions The reported cases of AIDS aged ≥ 50 years old was increasing in the main urban districts of Chongqing. Heterosexual contact is the main transmission route. The detection of medical institutions is the main way for case finding. The control and prevention strategies including regular HIV screening in medical institutions and traceability investigation should be encouraged and strengthened in this area.

Prevalence and correlates of HCV infection among HIV serodisordant couples in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province

WANG Ji-bao, XU Qing-qing, WANG Yi-kui, DUAN Xing, YANG Jin, CAO Yan-fen, YE Run-hua, YANG Yue-cheng, YAO Shi-tang, DING Ying-ying, HE Na, DUAN Song

2018, 22(12): 1283-1286. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.019

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Objective To examine the prevalence and correlates of HCV infection among HIV serodisordant couples in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire interview was administered to solicit sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of HIV serodiscordant couples. Blood was collected for HCV antibody testing using commercial Anti-HCV EIA Kit. Results Among 582 HIV serodiscordant couples, 12 (2.1%) couples were concordantly HCV positive, and 138 (23.7%) were HCV-discordant. The HCV prevalence was 23.2% for HIV-positive spouses, significantly higher than that (4.6%) for HIV-negative spouses (χ²=83.641, P<0.001). The HCV prevalence was 32.6% for HIV-positive male spouses, significantly higher than that (4.6%) for HIV-negative male spouses (χ²=56.828, P<0.001). No significant difference in HCV prevalence was found between HIV-positive (4.6%) and HIV-negative female spouses (4.7%) (χ²<0.001, P=0.958). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis indicated that HCV infection was positively associated with age at 35-46, Jingpo minority, HIV infection and drug use. Conclusions HCV prevalence was high among HIV-serodiscordant couples especially HIV-infected male spouses. There was a potential sexual transmission of HCV. These findings underscore the importance of enhancing tailored HCV prevention and control among these people.

Application of ARIMA and hybrid ARIMA-GRNN models in forecasting AIDS incidence in China

WANG Ya-wen, SHEN Zhong-zhou, YAN Bao-hu, YANG Yin

2018, 22(12): 1287-1290. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.020

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Abstract:
Objective To explore a suitable model in forecasting monthly incidence of AIDS in China and offer some references for AIDS prevention. Methods The data was collected from January 2011 to December 2017 to build the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and hybrid ARIMA-generalized regression neural network (GRNN) model. The data from January to May 2018 was used to evaluate two models' forecasting performance. Result A strong seasonal variation can be seen and ARIMA(1,1,1) (0,1,1)₁₂ was selected as the most suitable model to forecast the AIDS incidence in China. The smooth factor of hybrid model was 0.021. The hybrid ARIMA-GRNN model had better fitting and forecasting performances than single ARIMA model. Conclusion Both of the two models were suitable in forecasting monthly incidence of AIDS and the hybrid model was better than single ARIMA model.

Uptake of HCV treatment and related factors among drug users in community-based methadone maintenance treatment program

Liu Yin, Ling Li

2018, 22(12): 1291-1296. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.021

Abstract(274)

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Antiviral treatment is the most cost-effective measure to curb Hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic and prevent liver cirrhosis among drug users. HCV prevalence among Chinese methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clients was high, but status and barriers for HCV treatment were unclear.This paper summarized the current HCV treatment status and related factors in Chinese MMT program from provider's perspective, aimed to provide references for future researches.

Subtype and sequence analysis of pol gene among HIV-1 strains in Dongguan

LUN Yu-hua, LUO Hao, FANG Xiao-jun, ZHU Jian-qiong, YANG Hua-ke, DU Jin-lin, NI Jin-dong

2018, 22(12): 1297-1299. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.022

Abstract(278)

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Awareness of AIDS among undergraduates in Shenzhen and demand of health education

HU Jin-nuo, YAN Yi, YAN Min, ZHANG Xiao-xi, LUAN Rong-sheng

2018, 22(12): 1300-1302. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.023

Abstract(289)

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Analysis of suicide ideation and suicide attempts of 625 female drug addicts under compulsory rehabilitation in Anhui

CHEN Yan-ling, ZHANG Jun-jie, SONG Xiao-ge, CHENG Jun, SUN Ye-huan

2018, 22(12): 1303-1305. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.024

Abstract(231)

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Analysis of HIV infection and related behaviors of injecting drug users in Yingjiang county from 2011 to 2016

WANG Ji-jiao, WANG Yao, NIE Yong-ying

2018, 22(12): 1306-1308. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.025

Abstract(189)

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The characteristics of new reported foreign and Chinese HIV/AIDS patients in Yunnan province in 2016

XIAO Min-yang, FU Li-ru, NIU Jin, SONG Li-jun, LI Xue-hua, ZHANG Zu-yang, LUO Hong-bing

2018, 22(12): 1309-1311. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.026

Abstract(165)

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Investigation on willingness of two-way referral and its determinants among medical professionals in county medicine center

CONG Zi-wei, YANG Yang, HUANG Jin-ling, ZENG Zhi-rong

2018, 22(12): 1312-1314. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.027

Abstract(235)

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It is better to teach a man to fish than to teach him to fish-on the standardized training of doctors dominated by thinking ability

ZHAO Yi-ju, WANG Sheng-yong

2018, 22(12): 1315-1316. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2018.12.028

Abstract(242)

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Abstract:
To cultivate the clinical thinking ability and epidemiology thinking ability of training mode, may effectively motivate and arouse the enthusiasm of physicians to attend training, excavate its potential medical thinking, improve self-learning ability, ability to find and solve problems and the ability of comprehensive analysis. It has improved the training effect to achieve the goal of standardized training.

2018, 22(12): 1317-1317.

Abstract(232)

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Abstract:

2018, 22(12): 1318-1327.

Abstract(156)

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Editor

Editor-in-Chief Ye Dongqing M.D.

Assistant editor Fan Yinguang M.D.

Assistant editor Pan Haifeng M.D.

Assistant editor