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CN 34-1304/R ISSN 1674-3679

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2025 Vol. 29, No. 6

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Original Articles
Urate-lowering drugs and colorectal cancer risk: an observational study and Mendelian randomization analysis
CAO Hongfei, ZHANG Jie, ZHANG Zixing, WEI Sitong, YE Dongqing, FANG Xinyu
2025, 29(6): 621-627. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.06.001
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  Objective   Assessing the association between uric acid-lowering drugs and their targets with the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC).   Methods   Based on data from the UK Biobank from 2006 to 2010 (application No: 62663), a prospective cohort study was conducted to explore the impact of uric acid-lowering drug use on the risk of CRC using propensity score matching and Cox proportional hazards model. Additionally, Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed, utilizing expression quantitative trait loci of genes targeted by uric acid-lowering drugs as instrumental variables, to analyze the associations between three types of uric acid-lowering drugs and the occurrence of CRC.   Results   The study included a total of 5 440 users of uric acid-lowering drugs, with a median age of 52.0 years, of whom 92.1% were male. The median follow-up period was 12.75 years, during which 117 cases of CRC were reported. The Cox proportional hazards model showed that the risk of CRC in users of uric acid-lowering drugs was reduced by 20.2% compared to non-users (HR=0.798, 95% CI: 0.652-0.976, P=0.029). MR analysis suggested that targeting solute carrier family 22 member 12 (SLC22A12) may reduce the risk of CRC (OR=0.834, 95% CI: 0.734-0.949, P=0.006).   Conclusions   Uric acid-lowering drugs and SLC22A12-targeted uricosuric agents are associated with the occurrence of CRC, providing possible insights into explaining the relationship between uric acid-lowering drugs and CRC.
Joint effects of socioeconomic status and physical activity on cognitive decline among Chinese middle-aged and older adults
BAI Lin, LI Chengfu, WU Yu, SU Binbin, ZHENG Xiaoying, GUO Shuai
2025, 29(6): 628-635. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.06.002
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  Objective   To examine the joint effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and physical activity (PA) on cognitive decline among middle-aged and older adults in China.   Methods   Four waves of data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2018) were used to identify 4 352 eligible adults aged 45 years and above. The sample was divided into four groups: low SES-low PA, low SES-high PA, high SES-low PA, and high SES-high PA. The linear mixed effects model was used for analysis.   Results   The baseline average cognitive function score of the study sample was (15.02±4.67) points. There were significant differences in cognitive function score between different combinations of SES and PA. Results showed that after controlling for confounders, those in high SES group had higher levels of cognitive function compared to the low SES group (βhigh SES-low PA=0.96, P=0.008; βhigh SES-high PA=0.73, P=0.022); in addition, the increase of SES and PA slowed the rate of cognitive function decline (βage×low SES-high PA=0.03, P=0.047; βage×high SES-low PA=0.05, P=0.010; βage×high SES-high PA=0.07, P < 0.001). Moreover, the high SES-high PA group had the highest cognitive function level and the slowest cognitive decline rate.   Conclusions   Cognitive decline is mainly characterized by differences in socioeconomic status, but physical activity levels play a moderating role. Considering that physical activity interventions are more cost-effective, more attention needs to be paid to physical exercise to improve cognitive health among middle-aged and older adults in the future.
Trends and predictions of Parkinson′s disease burden in China
WANG Zihao, XIA Huan, WANG Xiaobei, LI Peishan, GAO Meirong, DU Xinyu, YANG Xinling
2025, 29(6): 636-640. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.06.003
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  Objective   This study aims to investigate the prevalence and incidence trends of Parkinson′s disease (PD) in China to provide scientific evidence for developing PD prevention and control policies.   Methods   The age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to analyze the prevalence and incidence of PD in China from 1990 to 2021, assessing the impact of different age groups, time periods, and birth cohorts on the trends of PD. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was employed to predict the PD incidence from 2024 to 2030.   Results   From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate of PD in China increased from 12.8 per 100 000 to 24.3 per 100 000 (P < 0.001), while the mortality rate decreased from 6.80 per 100 000 to 5.03 per 100 000 (P < 0.001). The incidence rate of PD rapidly increased among individuals aged 30 and above, with the highest number of cases observed in the 70- < 75 age group, reaching 81 945 cases. Based on the ARIMA model, it is predicted that by 2030, the national incidence rate of PD will rise to 26.52 per 100 000 (95% CI: 24.73/100 000-28.31/100 000), with the rate for men at 35.20 per 100 000 (95% CI: 33.20/100 000-37.21/100 000) and for women at 20.96 per 100 000 (95% CI: 20.27/100 000-21.65/100 000).   Conclusions   China′s PD burden is worsening, predominantly affecting the elderly, with observed gender differences. The incidence of PD is expected to continue rising in the future, necessitating further strengthening of early diagnosis, prevention, and management of PD to reduce its public health burden.
Association of silent information regulator 1 gene polymorphisms, pre-pregnancy body mass index, early pregnancy weight gain with preeclampsia
WANG Peiwen, WEI Jiehua, XIA Fan, ZHOU Yunzhe, FAN Luying, CHEN Lizhang, WANG Tingting
2025, 29(6): 641-653. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.06.004
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  Objective   To explore the association of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) gene polymorphisms, pre-pregnancy BMI, and early pregnancy weight gain with pre-eclampsia (PE).   Methods   From October 2020 to October 2023, a case-control study was carried out in the obstetrics departments of The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, in which pregnant women diagnosed with PE were selected as the case group, and pregnant women with normal blood pressure during prenatal examination in these two hospitals were selected as the control group during the same period. Questionnaires were conducted on the study subjects, and blood samples were collected for genotyping testing. Logistic regression analysis was conducted on the association between pre-pregnancy BMI, early pregnancy weight gain, and SIRT1 gene polymorphism with the occurrence of PE. Crossover analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to explore the interaction between SIRT1 gene polymorphism with pre-pregnancy BMI and early pregnancy weight gain on the occurrence of PE.   Results   There were 602 subjects (202 cases, 400 controls). The risk of PE in pregnant women with high pre-pregnancy BMI was 5.21 times higher than that of pregnant women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI (OR=5.21, 95% CI: 3.15-8.63), and the risk of PE in pregnant women with excessive early pregnancy weight gain was 3.38 times higher than that of pregnant women with suitable early pregnancy weight gain (OR=3.38, 95% CI: 2.20-5.18). The SIRT1 gene loci rs2236319 (additive model: aOR=1.40, 95% CI: 1.01-1.95), rs3740051 (dominant model: aOR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.06-2.37; additive model: aOR=1.51, 95% CI: 1.08-2.11), and rs10823108 (dominant model: aOR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.01-2.23; additive model: aOR=1.43, 95% CI: 1.02-1.99) were associated with an increased risk of PE occurrence. The gene loci rs11599176 was associated with a reduced risk of PE (codominant model: aOR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.43-0.98; dominant model: aOR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.42-0.93; additive model: aOR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.47-0.92). No significant interaction was observed between SIRT1 gene polymorphism and pre-pregnancy BMI or early pregnancy weight gain regarding their effects on PE.   Conclusions   A high pre-pregnancy BMI and excessive early pregnancy weight gain are associated with an increased risk of PE. Polymorphisms of the SIRT1 gene at rs11599176, rs2236319, rs3740051, and rs10823108 may be associated with the occurrence of PE. In addition, there is no interaction between SIRT1 gene polymorphisms and pre-pregnancy BMI or early pregnancy weight gain on the occurrence of PE.
Association between occupational exposure of male workers and common diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring of a coal mine group in Shanxi Province
LU Jiamin, LI Qishan, LI Genyuan, CHEN Yingjun, FU Xi, CHEN Qingsong, YANG Wenhan
2025, 29(6): 654-661. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.06.005
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  Objective   To explore the relationship between occupational exposure among male coal miners and common diseases and developmental behavioral disorders in their offspring, and to provide a reference for the early prevention of diseases in the offspring of coal miners.   Methods   A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2023 among on-the-job male coal miners in a coal mine of the Xishan Coal Electricity Company. Questionnaires were used to collect information on demographics, lifestyle, and occupational history, and the growth and development and the prevalence of common diseases incidence of the offspring. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between occupational exposure among coal miners and common diseases and developmental behavioral disorders in their offspring.   Results   A total of 7 085 male coal miners were included in the study, with 9 963 offspring reported. After adjusting for confounding factors, noise (OR=1.559, 95% CI: 1.216-1.998), dust (OR=1.425, 95% CI: 1.105-1.838), toxic and hazardous gases (OR=1.381, 95% CI: 1.096-1.740), power-frequency electric field (OR=1.496, 95% CI: 1.050-2.131), and high humidity environment (OR=1.441, 95% CI: 1.095-1.896) were associated with the risk of common diseases in offspring. No association was found between exposure factors and developmental behavioral diseases in offspring.   Conclusions   Noise, dust, toxic and hazardous gases, power frequency electric field, and high humidity environment are risk factors for common diseases in offspring.
Multiple trace elements co-exposure and risk of preterm birth
WANG Ying, WU Weiwei, ZHANG Ping, GUO Hui, LIU Sijia, CHEN Xi, FENG Yongliang, YANG Hailan, WANG Suping, ZHANG Yawei
2025, 29(6): 662-668. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.06.006
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  Objective  To examine the association between trace elements co-exposure and risk of preterm birth.  Methods  A total of 1 922 mother infant pairs who joined a birth cohort in taiyuan from 2012 to 2016 were selected as the study population. The concentrations of Vanadium (V), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Selenium (Se), and Molybdenum (Mo) in maternal and umbilical cord blood were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We employed quartile g-computation (QGCOMP) to examine trace elements co-exposure in relation to preterm birth.  Results  An increased risk of preterm birth was associated with maternal Cu (OR=1.58, 95% CI: 1.01-2.49). High maternal exposure level of Se was associated with preterm birth (OR=0.50, 95% CI: 0.26-0.96). An increased risk of preterm birth was associated with cord blood Mn (OR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.04-2.78). Both medium (OR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.26-0.66) and high (OR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.33-0.88) cord blood level of Zn was associated with preterm birth. The QGCOMP showed that preterm birth was associated with maternal metal co-exposure (-0.53, 95% CI: -0.86--0.19) and cord metal co-exposure (-0.47, 95% CI: -0.84--0.09). Cr contributed the most to the reduction in preterm birth in maternal trace elements co-exposure and Zn contributed the most in cord trace elements co-exposure.  Conclusions  Our study suggested that trace elements are associated with preterm birth, and the decreasing risk is driven by Zn, Se and Cr.
Research on the correlation between lipid accumulation product and carotid atherosclerosis in people with high risk of cardiovascular diseases
GU Yibin, GU Shujun, ZHANG Qiuyi, CHEN Lulu
2025, 29(6): 669-674. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.06.007
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  Objective  To learn the correlation between the lipid accumulation product index (LAP) and the risk of carotid atherosclerosis in people with high risk of cardiovascular diseases, and provide scientific basis for intervention in people with high risk of cardiovascular diseases.  Methods  Based on the programme of screening and intervention subjects with high risk cardiovascular diseases in Jiangsu Province from September 2015 to June 2016, the general situation of high-risk groups of cardiovascular disease in different genders and ages was analyzed by χ2 /F test through questionnaires, physical measurements, laboratory tests and carotid ultrasound examination, and the possible confounding factors were adjusted. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between LAP and carotid atherosclerosis.  Results  Compared to male and those aged over 60 years old, females and those aged 60 years old or below had a higher LAP index, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that for every standard deviation increase in the lipid accumulation product, the risk of carotid artery plaque increased by 6% (OR=1.06, 95% CI: 1.01-1.12, P=0.026). Interaction analysis results showed that compared with female and non-drinking people, male and drinking people with high risk of cardiovascular diseases have a higher risk of carotid plaque (interaction tests P < 0.05, respectively).  Conclusions  In people with high risk of cardiovascular diseases, the LAP was positively correlated with the carotid plaque, and the positive correlation were stronger in male and alcohol drinking.
Association between reproductive history, healthy lifestyle and cardiovascular disease in rural elder women with hypertension
JIAO Xiaoyu, WU Jian, FENG Yifei, QI Wenzhe, ZHANG Dongjie, LI Guangying, MIAO Yudong, YE Beizhu
2025, 29(6): 675-681. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.06.008
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  Objective  We aimed to explore the relationship between reproductive factors, lifestyle factors, and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among rural hypertensive women aged 65 and older, with a particular focus on their joint effects.  Methods  A cluster sampling method was used to conduct face-to-face interviews and physical examinations among elderly female hypertensive patients in a county, Henan Province between July and August 2023. Reproductive factors included the number of pregnancies, live births, and history of miscarriage. Lifestyle factors included sleep, diet, physical activity, passive smoking, and BMI. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the impact of reproductive and lifestyle factors, both individually and jointly, on the risk of CVD.  Results  A total of 9 837 participants were included in the analysis, of whom 3 980 were diagnosed with CVD. Logistic regression analysis revealed that women with ≥5 pregnancies OR a history of miscarriage had a 19.8% (OR=1.198, 95% CI: 1.057-1.359) and 26.1% (OR=1.261, 95% CI: 1.151-1.381) increased risk of developing CVD, respectively. In contrast, those with a lifestyle score of 4-5 had a 28.4% (OR=0.716, 95% CI: 0.592-0.866) reduced risk of developing CVD. A joint effect was observed between the number of pregnancies, history of miscarriage, and lifestyle on the risk of CVD. Specifically, among women with ≥5 pregnancies, a higher lifestyle score was negatively associated with the risk of CVD. Regardless of miscarriage history, a higher lifestyle score was consistently associated with a lower risk of CVD.  Conclusions  Elderly hypertensive women with a higher number of pregnancies, a history of miscarriage, and unhealthy lifestyles represent a high-risk population for CVD prevention and control. Enhancing health education on healthy lifestyles and promoting primary prevention strategies are essential in reducing the burden of CVD in this vulnerable group.
Construction and validation of a prediction model for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease based on machine learning
CHENG Linjie, YUAN Qing, LI Wansong, LIU Ying, YANG Lei
2025, 29(6): 682-687. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.06.009
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  Objective  This study aimed to construct and validate machine learning (ML) models for predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), screen out the optimal model, and interpret it through the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) framework.  Methods  The data in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surve database from January 2017 to March 2020 were randomly divided into a training set and a test set at a ratio of 7∶3. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was employed for feature selection, and six algorithms were used to construct the prediction models. The models were evaluated using the area under curve (AUC) and interpreted by the calibration curves, the decision curve analysis, variable importance plot, and SHAP plot.  Results  Of the 6 918 participants, 3 974 (57.44%) were diagnosed with NAFLD. The overall performance of eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model was better than other models, with an AUC of 0.851, an accuracy of 0.757, a sensitivity of 0.760 and a specificity of 0.754 on the test set. The main predictors were body roundness index, waist circumference, triglyceride glucose index, alanine aminotransferase, glycated hemoglobin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In terms of model application, a user interface was developed for use by medical staff.  Conclusions  In this study, six ML models for predicting NAFLD were constructed and validated, among which XGBoost was more advantageous and could provide a reliable reference for early clinical screening of high-risk patients with NAFLD.
Association between triglyceride glucose-body mass index and new-onset non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in coal miners: a retrospective cohort study
LI Yanwen, YI Shiting, LUO Yingqi, CHEN Yingtong, DAI Yingshi, LIU Yanhui, CHEN Qingsong, JIANG Liuquan, LIU Gaisheng, WU Wei, CHEN Yingjun
2025, 29(6): 688-696. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.06.010
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  Objective  To explore the association between the trajectory of triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) variations and the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the coal miners.  Methods  We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 15 186 coal miners from Shanxi, China, who underwent at least four health check-ups between January 2, 2015 and December 29, 2023. The demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected. The group-based trajectory model was employed to identify four distinct TyG-BMI trajectory groups. The cumulative incidence of NAFLD across trajectory groups was compared using the Log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association between TyG-BMI trajectories and NAFLD risk, adjusting for potential confounders.  Results  During the follow-up period of (5.56±1.96) years, the cumulative incidence of NAFLD in the overall population was 32.44%. The cumulative incidence of NAFLD in the low growth, moderate growth, high growth, and rapid growth TyG-BMI trajectory groups was 16.19%, 24.25%, 45.09%, and 68.78%, respectively, with significant statistical differences (all P < 0.001). Compared with the low growth group, the NAFLD risk in the moderate growth rate, high growth rate, and rapid growth rate groups increased by 0.435 times (HR=1.435, 95% CI: 1.299-1.584), 1.895 times (HR=2.895, 95% CI: 2.621-3.197), and 4.451 times (HR=5.451, 95% CI: 4.849-6.127), respectively (all P < 0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed a heightened risk of NAFLD among individuals under 40 years old, clerical staff, and those without hypertension exhibited rapid increases in TyG-BMI levels.  Conclusions  The trajectory of TyG-BMI levels is positively correlated with the risk of NAFLD, and a rapid increase in TyG-BMI serving as a significant risk factor for the disease′s onset. Continuous monitoring of TyG-BMI levels and timely interventions for individuals experiencing rapid increases may facilitate early prevention of NAFLD.
The association between different metabolic obesity phenotypes and gallstone disease risk
XIE Linjun, XU Yiting, WANG Xin, HE Menglin, JIANG Yi, LI Guangcan, SHAN Xuefeng, LOU Yanmei
2025, 29(6): 697-705. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.06.011
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  Objective  This study aimed to investigate the association between different metabolic obesity phenotypes and the risk of gallstone disease through a nationwide multicenter cross-sectional study.  Methods  Participants who underwent health check-ups in four tertiary hospitals in Chongqing and Beijing from 2015 to 2020 were consecutively enrolled. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to compare the risk of gallstone disease among metabolically healthy non-obese (MHNO), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy non-obese (MUNO), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO) groups. Finally, a random-effects model was employed to pool the  Results  from the four centers through meta-analysis.  Results  A total of 522 958 participants were recruited in this study, with an overall prevalence of gallstone disease of 7.5%. The prevalence of gallstone disease in the MUO, MUNO, MHO, and MHNO groups was 9.4%, 8.3%, 6.5%, and 4.2%, respectively, with statistically significant differences among the groups(all P < 0.05). Compared with the MHNO group, the risk of gallstone disease in the MHO group increased significantly by 35.8%(pooled OR=1.358; 95% CI: 1.213-1.520; P < 0.001); in the MUNO group, it increased by 34.3% (pooled OR=1.343; 95% CI: 1.211-1.489; P < 0.001); and in the MUO group, it increased by 48.9% (pooled OR=1.489; 95% CI: 1.221-1.817; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed no significant differences in the association between metabolic obesity phenotypes and the risk of gallstone disease across different genders and age groups (all P>0.05).  Conclusions  Obesity, whether accompanied by metabolic abnormalities or not, significantly increases the risk of gallstone disease. Future efforts should focus on early screening and intervention for obese individuals, especially those with metabolic abnormalities, to reduce the burden of gallstone disease.
Association between carbohydrate intake and prevalence of prediabetes
LI Ting, GAO Qian, SI Xinyu, WANG Tong
2025, 29(6): 706-712. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.06.012
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  Objective  This study aims to investigate the relationship between daily carbohydrate intake and the prevalence of prediabetes, and to provide direct evidence for the formation of prediabetes.  Methods  Based on the data from the National Health and Ntrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2016, 14 299 research subjects related to this study with no missing key indicators were included. The non-parametric covariate balancing generalized propensity score was used to balance the measured confounding factors, and the restricted cubic spline was adopted to explore the relationship between them.  Results  The median age of the study population was 43 years old, and the prevalence of prediabetes was 39.28%. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was a nonlinear relationship between carbohydrate intake and prediabetes (Pnonlinear < 0.001). Compared with the daily intake of 243.21 g, the risk of prediabetes increased with the increase of carbohydrate intake (OR value gradually increases). In the high, medium and low levels of activity, the risk of prediabetes was gradually increased with the increase of carbohydrate intake (OR value gradually increases) compared with the daily carbohydrate intake of 350.66 g, 335.80 g and 152.22 g, respectively.  Conclusions  There is a nonlinear relationship between carbohydrate intake and prediabetes. A daily carbohydrate intake of more than approximately 240 g may be a risk factor for prediabetes. Moreover, the carbohydrate intake associated with elevated prediabetes risk is lower in individuals with reduced physical activity.
Study on the epidemic characteristics of tuberculosis and its correlation with meteorological factors in Hotan Region from 2016 to 2022
CHEN Yu, LYU Hengliang, ZHENG Zitong, Maimaiti Jiang·Wubuliaishan, Baharguli·Abulizi, Abudulitipu·Balati, XU Yuanyong, ZHANG Wenyi, LU Junfeng
2025, 29(6): 713-719. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.06.013
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  Objective  To analyze the epidemic characteristics of tuberculosis in Hotan Prefecture from 2016 to 2022 and to explore the impact of meteorological factors on the risk of tuberculosis onset, aiming to provide a reference basis for preventing and controlling the epidemic of tuberculosis.  Methods  Descriptive research was employed to analyze the epidemic characteristics of tuberculosis in Hotan Prefecture in terms of time, region, and population from 2016 to 2022. The distributed lag non-linear model was utilized to analyze the impact of different meteorological conditions on the daily incidence of tuberculosis.  Results  From 2016 to 2022, a total of 38 006 tuberculosis patients were reported in Hotan Prefecture. The incidence number among males was higher than that among females. Farmers and patients aged 60- < 70 accounted for the highest proportion. The average annual number of reported cases was relatively high in Luopu County (1 070 cases) and Moyu County (1 047 cases), and Luopu County had the highest average annual incidence rate (377.95 per 100 000). Low average temperature was a risk factor for tuberculosis onset. At -11.00 ℃, the relative risk (RR) value was the highest (RR=1.27, 95% CI: 0.74-2.18), but there was no significant difference, and with a lag of 3 days, the risk of onset was the highest (RR=2.58, 95% CI: 1.44-4.60). Relatively low or high humidity would increase the risk of tuberculosis onset. When the cunulative sunshine exposure time exceeded 12 hours, the RR values were all greater than 1.00 (P < 0.05), and with a lag of 2 days, the risk of onset was the highest (RR=1.10, 95% CI: 0.98-1.24).  Conclusions  Tuberculosis patients in Hotan Prefecture are mainly concentrated among farmers and the elderly population. The tuberculosis burden is relatively high in Luopu and Yutian County. Attention should be paid to the impact of low average temperature, relatively low or high humidity, and long cumulative sunshine duration on tuberculosis.
Review
Human papillomavirus vaccination rate and influencing factors among female university students in China: a Meta-analysis
TAO Tingsu, JIN Hui, NI Yajuan
2025, 29(6): 720-726. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.06.014
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  Objective  This study aimed to investigate the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rate and its influencing factors among female university students in China.  Methods  We used Stata 17.0 software to conduct a Meta-analysis of articles published since 2016 on HPV vaccination among female university students.  Results  Twenty-four studies with a total sample size of 40 320 individuals were included. The HPV vaccination rate was 7.56% (95% CI: 5.27%-10.21%). The influencing factors included household registration in an urban area (OR=2.50, 95% CI: 1.79-3.49), mother with a college degree or above (OR=1.59, 95% CI: 1.13-2.24), father with a college degree or above (OR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.16-2.11), sexual behavior (OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.38-1.92), HPV vaccine awareness (OR=4.72, 95% CI: 3.26-6.28), and good knowledge of HPV vaccine (OR=3.96, 95% CI: 1.77-8.87).  Conclusions  The HPV vaccination rate is low among female university students in China. Knowledge of HPV vaccine is an important factor influencing vaccination. Publicity and education should be strengthened to raise awareness of the HPV vaccine among female college students, promoting its widespread application.
Short Reports
Analysis of change on tobacco use prevalence and awareness of tobacco hazards among male residents aged 15 years and above in Fujian Province
CHEN Meilan, BIAN Jianqiang, CHEN Jinhui, OU Guangzhon
2025, 29(6): 727-730. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.06.015
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  Objective  To understand the change of tobacco use behaviors, awareness of tobacco hazards, and influencing factors of current smoking among men aged 15 years and above in Fujian Province, and to provide evidence for tobacco control.  Methods  Data were obtained from 2016-2017 and 2022 Fujian Adult Tobacco Surveys, including 2 085 and 3 062 male participants aged 15 years and above, respectively. The data were weighted for complex sampling analysis, and the multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze influencing factors of current smoking rates.  Results  In 2022, the current smoking rate among men aged 15 years and above was 45.3%, with a 6.8-point drop from 2016-2017. The smoking cessation rate (18.4%) and quit intention (17.5%) remained low, and awareness of tobacco hazards was incomplete. Multivariate analysis showed that men aged 25- < 45 years (OR=1.86, 95% CI: 1.25-2.76) and 45- < 65 years (OR=1.79, 95% CI: 1.20-2.67) had higher smoking risks compared to the 15- < 25-year-old group. Individuals with high school (OR=0.62, 95% CI: 0.48-0.79) or college graduate and above (OR=0.31, 95% CI: 0.22-0.43) had lower smoking risk than those with primary education or below. Men who were aware that smoking causes lung cancer (OR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.53-0.89) or that secondhand smoke causes adult lung cancer (OR=0.70, 95% CI: 0.52-0.95) exhibited reduced smoking risk.  Conclusions  We should enhance education on tobacco hazards and smoking cessation intervention for men aged 25- < 65 years and those with low education levels.
Association between serum vitamins and biological aging in middle-aged and elderly people
ZHANG Qian, MA Shuang, YIN Jinzhu, WANG Tong, GAO Qian
2025, 29(6): 731-738. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.06.016
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Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate the association between serum levels of vitamins and the rate of biological aging in middle-aged and older adults.  Methods  Based on the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, a total of 2 172 study participants aged 45 years and above were enrolled. Demographic information, lifestyle habits and underlying disease history were collected. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association between serum vitamins C (VC), vitamins D3 (VD3), vitamins A (VA) and vitamins E (VE) and the rate of biological aging in middle-aged and older adults. Quantile g-computation (QGCOMP) and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression methods were applied to analyse the effects of different serum vitamins on the rate of biological ageing and their joint effects.  Results  The average age of the study population was (62.69 ± 10.29) years, and serum vitamin levels between male and female showed significant differences: VD3 (Z=-2.376, P=0.017), VC (Z=-7.230, P < 0.001), VA (Z=6.418, P < 0.001), and VE (Z=-7.324, P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analyses showed that VC was negatively associated with the rate of biological aging (β=-0.032, 95% CI: -0.041-0.023, P < 0.001). WQS and QGCOMP analyses showed a joint effect of serum vitamins slowing down the rate of ageing (β=-0.459, 95% CI: -0.585-0.333, P < 0.001; β=-0.381, 95% CI: -0.538-0.223, P < 0.001), with VC playing the major role (weights: 0.936, 0.885).  Conclusions  Serum vitamins are protective factors in biological aging. VC plays the most significant role in the combined effect of slowing the rate of aging.
Epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Hubei Province from 2019 to 2023
GE Shenghui, SHI Yuqin, WANG Lei, ZHANG Ling, TONG Yeqing
2025, 29(6): 739-744. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2025.06.017
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Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Hubei Province from 2019 to 2023, to provide a scientific basis for subsequent prevention and control of mumps.  Methods  Based on the epidemiological history and clinical diagnosis case data of mumps patients in Hubei Province from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System between 2019 and 2023, and covering the entire population regarding age range, the report card information including gender, age, temporal distribution, population distribution, and regional distribution was organized. The χ2 test and Fisher′s exact test were used to analyze its epidemiological characteristics.  Results  From 2019 to 2023, Hubei Province reported a total of 36 154 mumps cases, and the average annual incidence rate was 12.33/100 000. The highest incidence rate (27.35/100 000) and proportion of cases (44.84%) were reported in 2019, with a gradual decrease in incidence rate and proportion from 2020 to 2023. The disease primarily occurred in spring, summer, and autumn, with statistically significant differences in the incidence proportion across months (all P < 0.001). The incidence proportion in males (59.43%) was higher than in females (40.57%), with significant differences across gender (P < 0.001). The high-risk age group for mumps from 2019 to 2023 was 0- < 20 years, but individuals over 60 less affected, and there were significant statistical differences across age groups (all P < 0.001). Students (52.86%) and young children (25.91%) had a higher incidence proportion compared to other populations, with significant differences across different populations (all P < 0.001). There difference in the incidence proportion of mumps among different cities in Hubei province also showed significant differences (P < 0.001).  Conclusions  From 2019 to 2023, the overall incidence rate of mumps in Hubei Province showed a downward trend. The disease is prevalent in spring, summer, and autumn, with a high incidence in individuals aged 0- < 20 years. Preventive and control efforts should focus on children, particularly in schools and childcare institutions.

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