中华疾病控制杂志

Progress of nutritional prevention and control on noncommunicable chronic diseases in China

LING Wen-hua

2017, 21(3): 215-218. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.001

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The reasonable nutrition intake is a major measure for lowering the risk of noncommunicable chronic diseases. In recent years, there are fruitful research results from Chinese nutritional studies in revealing the association between nutrition and the risks of chronic diseases by using large-scale, population-based prospective cohort, and elucidating the effects of Chinese dietary patterns, nutrients exposures as well as food bioactive components on the chronic diseases.

Cross-sectional study on the relationship between dietary selenium intake and hypertension

LI Qi, WEI Jie, WU Xin-rui, ZHANG Ji, HE Zhi-min, YANG Tu-bao

2017, 21(3): 219-222. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.002

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Objective To examine the association between selenium intake and hypertension in elderly population. Methods Participants from XiangYa hospital were randomly selected. The intake of selenium and other dairy consumption were evaluated by using a food frequency questionnaire, and the height, weight and blood pressure also measured. t-test and Chi-square test were used in univariate analysis, and Logistic regression model performed to analyze the relationship between the dietary selenium intake and hypertension. Results The results showed that there were significant differences(all P<0.05)between the hypertension and non-hypertension population groups in terms of sex, age, body mass index, diabetic and dietary fiber intake. After adjusting for age, gender, alcohol consumption, smoking status, etc, multiple Logistic regression model showed that there was a decrease trend in the risk of hypertension (OR =0.715,95% CI:0.528-0.968)between the level of selenium intake(>55.81 mg/d) and the risk of hypertension compared to the level of selenium intake(<27.51 mg/d).Conclusions These findings indicate that higher selenium intake might reduce the risk of hypertension.

Cross-sectional study on the association between serum uric acid level and hypertension by gender in the elderly population of a district in Beijing

WU Lei, HE Yao, LIU Miao, WANG Jian-hua, WANG Yi-yan, ZENG Jing, ZHANG Di, JIANG Bin

2017, 21(3): 223-227. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.003

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Objective To evaluate the association between the serum uric acid (SUA) level and the prevalence of hypertension in community elderly population. Methods A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Wanshoulu area of Beijing, China. Results A total of 2 074 community elderly (839 males and 1 235 females) participants aged≥60 years were included in the analysis. In female participants, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval of having hypertension was (OR=1.004,95% CI:1.002-1.006, P<0.001) for each 1 μmol/L increase in the SUA level after multiple adjustments. Compared to Q1, the OR adjusted (95% CI) of the Q2 vs. Q1, Q3 vs. Q1 and Q4 vs. Q1 SUA quartiles for hypertension were (OR=1.263,95% CI:0.902-1.773, P=0.187),(OR=2.008,95% CI:1.412-2.872, P<0.001),(OR=2.015,95% CI:1.403-2.922, P<0.001), respectively. The adjusted OR (95% CI) of hyperuricemia for hypertension was (OR=1.563,95% CI:1.082-2.253, P=0.018). In males, the adjusted OR (95% CI) of having hypertension was (OR=1.002,95% CI:1.000-1.004, P=0.036) for each 1 μmol/L increase in the SUA level. Conclusions There is a correlation between SUA level and hypertension, especially in the elderly women. Clinicians should pay special attention to SUA level of elderly women. Maintaining the normal level of SUA may play an important role in hypertension prevention and control.

The effects of overweight, obesity and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption on serum uric acid in adult residents of Wuhai, Inner Mongolian

LIU Yan, SONG Fei, WU Si-jia, JIAO Wei-yu, LIU Ai-ping, WANG Pei-yu, WANG Dong-ping, WANG Hao-jie, SONG Yang

2017, 21(3): 228-232. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.004

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Objective To investigate the effects of overweight, obesity and sugar-sweetened beverage(SSB)consumption on serum uric acid(SUA)in adult residents of Wuhai, Inner Mongolian. Methods A total of 5 995 subjects were enrolled in this study using multiple stage stratified cluster sampling. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted for data analysis.Results The SUA levels and detection rates of hyperuricemia (HUA) in overweight group and obesity group were significantly higher than those in normal weight group(all P<0.05)both in males and females. Higher SSB intake and intake frequency increased the SUA levels in males (all P<0.05)and the former with a linear trend (P_trend=0.010); On the contrary, higher SSB intake and intake frequency decreased the SUA levels in females (all P<0.05).Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that overweight and obesity enhanced the risk of HUA both in males and females. There was an interaction between overweight/obesity and SSB intake on SUA level (all P_interaction<0.05) . Conclusions Overweight or obesity are the independent risk factors of HUA. SSB intake could increase SUA level in males. Overweight or obesity with higher beverage intake could significantly enhance the risk of HUA.

The relationship between obesity and the major chronic diseases in the elderly

ZHANG Rui-zhi, CHAO Jian-qian, XU Hui, YU Qing, YANG Liang, GU Jia-yi, CHEN Huang-hui, WU Zhen-chun

2017, 21(3): 233-236. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.005

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Objective To analyze the relationship between elderly obesity and hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, high blood cholesterol. Methods A total of 1 927 elderly (≥60 years) were recruited to collect information by questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory testing. Totally, 1 808 complete and effective data were obtained; body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were chosen as obesity index; SPSS 19.0 software was used to do ANOVA, chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis. Results The result showed that 1 276 senior citizens suffered from chronic diseases among the total number of 1 808, which accounted for 70.6 percent. Major chronic diseases included hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia. The number of overweight people was 668, covering 36.9 percent of the total number. The number of people who had obesity was 150, covering 8.2 percent. And there were 406 abdominally obese patients, accounting for 22.5 percent. Obesity was closely connected with systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride,high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P< 0.05). BMI and WC had effects on the condition of hypertension patients (all P<0.05). Conclusions Obesity increases the risk that the aged are attacked by major chronic diseases. And the obesity is closely related to blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid. Controlling weight is the effective way of improving the health of the aged.

The association of UCP1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms with overweight or obesity among adults

PEI Xiao-ting, LIU Li, FU Xiao-li, QI Min-jie, CHEN Yan-zi, SUN Pan-pan, PING Zhi-guang

2017, 21(3): 237-240,260. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.006

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Objective To evaluate the association of UCP1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms with overweight or obesity. Methods The single nucleotide polymorphisms of UCP1 gene in 275 overweight or obese individuals and 253 normal controls were genotyped by the method of ligase detection reaction. The construction of haplotypes and their interaction analysis with relevant factors were carried out by SNPStats online. Results The weight, body mass index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein showed significant differences between the two groups (all P<0.05). In the recessive genetic model, subjects with genotypes (AA+AG) and GG of rs1800592 showed significant differences between overweight or obesity group and control group (P=0.048, OR = 1.154，95% CI：1.002-2.286). Haplotype analysis showed significant differences in frequency of haplotypes CTCA,CTAG,TACG between two groups (CTCA：P=0.043，OR=0.658，95% CI：0.439-0.988; CTAG：P=0.043，OR=0.658，95% CI：0.439-0.988; TACG：P=0.004，OR=0.449，95% CI：0.257-0.786). There was an interaction between haplotypes and total cholesterol (χ²=15.955，P=0.014). In the abnormal group of total cholesterol, it showed significant differences in the frequency of haplotypes CTAA, CTCG, CTCA and CTAG between two groups comparing with CTAA, in the normal group of TC (CTAA: P<0.001,OR= 2.731，95% CI：1.550-4.752; CTCG: P<0.001, OR=9.768，95% CI：3.403-28.042; CTCA: P=0.037, OR=2.713，95% CI：1.028-7.159; CTAG: P=0.037, OR = 2.713，95% CI：1.028-7.159). Conclusions In the recessive genetic mode, the genotype (AA+AG) may be a risk factor of overweight and obesity. The haplotypes CTCG, CTCA, TACG may be protective factors of overweight and obesity. When the total cholesterol is abnormal, the haplotypes CTAA, CTCG, CTCA or CTAG, may be risk factors of overweight and obesity.

Effectiveness analysis of different kinds of diabetes management methods on the knowledge and skills of patients' self-management in urban community

CUI Xue-li, LI Yuan, ZHANG Juan, SHI Xiao-ming

2017, 21(3): 241-244. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.007

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Objective To investigate and compare the effectiveness of three different management methods for diabetics patients, so as to master the knowledge and skills of their self-management. Methods Totally 213 patients with diabetes in urban community were enrolled in this study in October 2012 and randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (106 cases), strengthening group (75 cases) and comprehensive group (32 cases). During 18 months, different grouping managements were applied to the patients in 3 groups. Then a comparative analysis was performed for Fasting plasma glucose(FPG)， Hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), relevant knowledge of diabetes and behavior improvement of these patients before and after management. Results The differences of control rates of FPG and HbA1c among 3 groups before grouping management had not statistical significance(all P>0.05). After 18 months of management, both the values of FPG and HbA1c of the patients had declined and the differences among 3 groups showed statistically significance (all P<0.05).The knowledge of diabetes and self-management behavior of the patients have improved after grouping managements and the improvement rates have statistical significant (all P<0.05). Conclusions Management of comprehensive group is more beneficial to control the development of diabetes. This kind of management is more efficient in improvement of control rates of FPG and HbA1c and increasing the mastery rates of the knowledge and skills for patients with diabetes.

Association of resting heart rate and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a Meta-analysis

WANG Pan-pan, LI Yu-qian, LIU Xiao-tian, ZHANG Hong-lei, LIU Rui-hua, YANG Kai-li, HAN Cheng-yi, FAN Jing-jing, ZHANG Gong-yuan, WANG Chong-jian

2017, 21(3): 245-249. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.008

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Objective To explore the relationship between resting heart rate and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WANFANG DATA, PubMed and Web of Science were searched to acquire the studies concentrating on resting heart rate and T2DM risk. All the studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality of the studies was evaluated and data were extracted. The meta-analysis were performed with Stata 11.0. Subgroup analyses concentrating on race, the measurement method of resting heart rate, follow-up time and the sample size were conducted to explore the heterogeneity sources. Results A total of 11 prospective cohort studies were included and the whole sample size was 212 891. Compared to the lowest resting heart rate group, the pooled relative risk of T2DM in the highest group was 1.54 (1.29-1.84). Subgroup analysis showed that the risk of T2DM were 1.67 (1.38-2.03) for the Asian and 1.29 (1.02-1.62) for the Caucasian, respectively. According to the Begg's test (P=0.350) and Egger's test (P=0.662), no publication bias was observed. Conclusions Elevated resting heart rate can increase the risk of T2DM and it also indicate that the risk of T2DM could be decreased by controlling resting heart rate.

Study on correlative risk factors of stroke among rural residents from Hanzhong City

CAO Lei, ZHANG Xiao-feng, ZHANG Song, GAO Wan-jun, BI Yu-xue

2017, 21(3): 250-254. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.009

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Objective To explore the correlative risk factors of stroke among rural residents from Hanzhong City and provide scientific evidences for effective precautions and interventions of stroke. Methods Residents aged 40 and over were selected from 2 of the 180 towns in Hanzhong City by random cluster sampling. A questionnaire survey was used and the physical inspection was performed to investigate the rate of stroke. Risk factors influencing on the cardio cerebral vascular diseases were analyzed by exhaustive Chi-squared automatic interavtion detector (CHAID) analysis and Logistic regression analysis. Results Of total 23 688 residents, 283(1 195/100 000) were diagnosed with stroke, among which most were aged 50 and over and those aged 70-79 had a peak incident rate. Male, high-blood pressure, cardiac disease, obesity, blood abnormity, family inherited disease, lack of physical exercise, smoking and drinking alcohol had relationship with stroke. Five interpretation variables were indicated using the category classification tree mode including 3 layers with 12 nodes which was built up by Exhaustive CHAID. According to the calculus of importance, the top 3 factors were family inherited disease, smoking and high blood pressure. Conclusions Comprehensive interventions and precautions for stroke would be needed to prevent stroke among rural residents in Hanzhong City, especially in those of high risk groups.

Analysis of the disease burden of stroke-related deaths among rural areas of Liaoning Province in 2013

LI Juan, HUANG Dong-hui, WANG Chong, LIU Xiao-bing, SUN Qiu-hong, SHI Jing-pu

2017, 21(3): 255-260. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.010

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Objective To understand the disease burden of stroke-related deaths among rural areas of Liaoning Province and to provide evidence for stroke prevention and treatment. Methods The all-cause mortality data and the demographic data of Zhangwu and Fengcheng areas in Liaoning province in 2013 were collected. Years of life lost (YLL), YLL rate, Age Standardized YLL rate, average years of life lost (AYLL), Age Standardized AYLLs and the change of YLL rate with age were calculated. Results Stroke YLL rate showed an increased trend with age. For people in all ages the Age Standardized YLL rate and Age Standardized AYLLs of stroke were higher for men (17.1 per 1 000; 11.1 years/person) than those for women (12.0 per 1 000; 10.0 years / person). YLL rate was larger for men than for women in all age groups before the age of 74, which was reversed in the age group of 75-84. YLL rate and Age Standardized YLL rate of hemorrhagic stroke were 7.7 per 1 000 and 5.9 per 1 000 respectively, which were less than those of ischemic stroke (8.6 per 1 000 and 6.6 per 1 000). In contrast, AYLLs and Age Standardized AYLLs of hemorrhagic stroke were higher than those of ischemic stroke. For people less than 59 the YLL rate of hemorrhagic stroke was higher than that of ischemic stroke. For people more than 60, the YLL rate of ischemic stroke was higher than that of hemorrhagic stroke. Conclusions The findings suggest that the disease burden of stroke-related deaths, which correlates to sex, subtype and age, is heavy in the rural areas in Liaoning province. It is necessary to carry out health education about stroke and take out effective prevention to reduce the burden of stroke-related death in rural areas.

The trend of coronary heart disease mortality and disease burden in Jinchang cohort from 2001 to 2013

YANG A-ying, BAI Ya-na, XIE Zhi-dong, LIU Jian-hong, SHI Dian, HE Shi-jiao, SI Sheng-xi

2017, 21(3): 261-264,269. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.011

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Objective To explore the trend of coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and disease burden in Jinchang Cohort. Methods The data were collected from a large follow-up cohort. The main indicators, including mortality, potential years of life lost (PYLL), and working years of potential life lost (WYPLL), were used to evaluate the trend of coronary heart disease mortality and the disease burden during the period from 2001 to 2013 in this cohort, the average growth rate was used to describe the trend of disease burden. Results The crude mortality rate of CHD during the period from 2001 to 2013 in Jinchang cohort was 40.47 per 100 000, the standardized mortality rate of CHD for male increased, but the coronary heart disease mortality of 70-79 years old group decreased. During the thirteen years, the average potential years of life lost (APYLL) of CHD for female (15.33 years per person) was 2.21 times than male (6.95 years per person), the average working years of potential life lost (AWYPLL) of CHD for female (5.59 years per person) was 1.63 times than male (3.42 years per person), while the average working years of potential life lost (AWPYLL) and the average potential life lost (APYLL) for male decreased. Conclusions The mortality rate of CHD on the rise from 2001 to 2013 in Jinchang cohort and it caused heavy burden. We should take further measures to prevent CHD.

A study on injury surveillance in Yixing city in 2012 and 2015

YANG Ya-ming, YANG Jie, WU Jing, WU Ming, CHEN Yu, XU Bo, CHEN Yu-ming, LIANG Jing, HU Jing, ZHANG Xu-jun, LI Zhen, SUN Yan

2017, 21(3): 265-269. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.012

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Objective To explore the situation of injury in elementary and middle school students in Yixing and analyze the working of the system of the students' injury monitoring and reporting, based on data of three years. Methods Students of 16 pilot schools in Yixing were recruited to conduct the study of daily injury network monitoring and the retrospective investigation. Results The injury incidence of students was 2.23% in retrospective investigation from September to November in 2015, and 247 cases were reported in the system. We found the injury incidence was lower than that in 2012. Falling/falling, injury due to animal, traffic accident and sharp instrument injury were the top four types. The injury incidence of the non-local students was slightly higher than that of the local students, but no statistical difference. The injury incidence of the males was significantly higher than that of the females. The results of daily injury network monitoring were close to that from retrospective investigation and difference of effect was decreased. Conclusions The efficiency and accuracy of daily injury monitoring network was enhanced in practice, and which could be combined with the retrospective investigation. In addition to the monitoring and reporting of injury, multi-sectors collaboration should be strengthened to explore the more effective measures.

Investigation on hepatitis C virus infection among high school students aged over 16 years in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

MENG Ming-lv, XIONG Guo-lin, HUANG Si-mei, HUANG Hui-sen, JIANG Jin-tai, XIE Zhi-chun

2017, 21(3): 270-273. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.013

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Objective To understand the status of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and its related factors among high school students aged over 16 years in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and to provide scientific theoretical basis for the prevention and control of hepatitis C. Methods By using stratified random sampling method, 2 632 high school students aged over 16 years from Yulin, Nanning, Baise, Guilin and Liuzhou were taken 5ml of blood each and anti-HCV were detected by enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay (ELISA). Epidemic characteristics of HCV infection was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological and risk factors were studied by single factor and multi factor Logistic regression. Results The total positive rate of anti-HCV was 0.84% among 2 632 high school students. The anti -HCV positive rates were 0.73% (6/823) for male and 0.89% for female (16/1 800). The prevalence rate of anti-HCV in the eastern(Yulin), western(Baise), middle(Liuzhou), northern(Guilin) and southern(Nanning) areas were 1.03% (9/877), 0.66% (3/457), 1.28%(3/234), 0.79% (4/509) and 0.54%(3/555) respectively. The prevalence rates of anti-HCV for the gender and five areas did not show significant difference(all P>0.05). Single factor and multi factors analysis showed that the common toothbrush (OR=3.078, 95% CI: 1.174-48.074, P=0.022) and history of endoscopy(OR=4.182, 95% CI:1.328-13.170, P=0.015)were high risk factors for HCV. Conclusions HCV infection is an important public health problem among high school students in Guangxi. Students should reinforce self-protect and refuse to share toothbrush with others. It would also be necessary to strengthen the disinfection of medical equipment. At the same time, strengthening health education and health promotion is the effective measure for prevention and control of hepatitis C.

Study on seroprevalencing and influencing factors of hepatitis E among the general population in Wuhan

KONG De-guang, TANG Wei-feng, HU Quan

2017, 21(3): 274-277. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.014

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Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection among the general population in Wuhan. Methods Multi-stage random sampling method was adopted. A total of 3 890 general population aged 0 to 59 years were sampled, their serum samples were also collected and detected for anti-HEV IgG by ELISA. Chi-square test, exact binomial formula and unconditional logistic regression analysis were performed for statistical analysis. Results The standardized seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG was 35.01%, which cumulated with age. The seroprevalence between male and female had no significant difference(χ²=3.18，P=0.075), the seroprevalence of elder (χ²=542.32，P<0.001)and residents in urban (χ²=11.32，P=0.001) were higher. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed among people over 18 years old, it showed that the male, elder (aged 30 to 59 years), urban residents and people having a preference of fish were at higher risk of HEV infection (all P<0.050). Conclusions The infection rate of HEV was high among the general population in Wuhan. The high-risk population were the male, elder (aged 30 to 59 years), urban residents and people having a preference of fish.

Surveillance of measles antibody levels in healthy people and epidemiological evaluation on the immune effect in Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province

ZHANG Rong-qiang, TAN Jiao, HAN Li-xin, LIU Qi-ling, SUN Na, LI Feng-ying

2017, 21(3): 278-281. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.015

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Objective To dynamically monitor measles antibody among healthy people and to conduct an epidemiological evaluation of immune effects of measles related vaccines in Xianyang, 2012-2015. Methods A total of 1 135 healthy people were randomly selected in Xianyang and Enzyme-Llinked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to detect OD values of measles antibody. Meanwhile, immunization history was collected to survey their immunization situation. Logistic regression was used to conduct an epidemiologic evaluation of measles related vaccines. Results The OD values of measles antibody decreased but there was no significant difference (all P>0.05) between different genders. The positive rates of measles antibody among healthy subjects in Xianyang from 2012 to 2015 were 98.91%, 96.81%, 96.46% and 85.11%, respectively; Logistic regression analysis showed that measles vaccine had a significant protective effect (measles + MMR vaccine +: OR=0.123, 95% CI: 0.046-0.328; measles vaccine + MMR vaccine-: OR=0.109, 95% CI: 0.043-0.281). Conclusions Although measles immune barrier among healthy people in Xianyang has been established, measles antibody monitoring still need to be strengthened; measles vaccine is the necessary basis for the establishment of measles antibody. MMR vaccine can be used to strengthen the vaccine but it is better not be used alone.

Genetic characteristic of haemagglutinin of influenza B virus in Guiyang, 2012-2015

WAN Yong-hu, ZHANG De-zhu, ZHENG Qin-ni, ZHUANG Li, REN Li-juan, FU Lin, TANG Guang-peng, LI Shi-jun

2017, 21(3): 282-286. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.016

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Objective To understand the genetic variation and epidemiological characteristics of influenza B virus in Guiyang, Guizhou province, in 2012-2015, and to evaluate the matching situation of epidemic strains and the influenza vaccine strains recommended by WHO and China. Methods The haemagglutinin segment 1(HA1) nucleotide sequences of 19 strains and 2 positive specimens of influenza B viruses were determined by Sanger dideoxy sequencing, the sequencing products were analyzed by bioinformatics software DNAStar version 7.1. Results Both BY and BV lineage of influenza B viruses were found to co-circulate in Guiyang.Results of homology analysis revealed that there were 97.8%~99.3% homology in nucleotide between BV lineage viruses and vaccine strain B/Brisbane/60/2008. However, vaccine strain B/Massachusetts/02/2012 showed a lower homology (96.2%-96.5%) to BY lineage viruses than previous vaccine strain B/Wisconsin/01/2010 did (99.0%-99.3%). BY lineage viruses had a high homology to vaccine strain B/PHUKET/3073/2013 recommended by WHO in 2015, with homology ranged from 99.2% to 99.5%. During 2012-2015, Chinese representative strain B/Chongqing-Yuzhong/1384/2010 had 96.8%-99.0% homology to BV lineage viruses, meanwhile, another Chinese vaccine seed strain B/Hubei-Wujiagang/158/2009 had 98.2%-99.2% homology. Compared to the current vaccine strain recommended by WHO, amino acid sequence alignment analysis showed there were 9 amino acid mutations in HA1 fragment of BY lineage strains in 2013-2014, the mutation of A134P was related to antigenic determinant site A, N142K was related to site B. There was a new amino acid mutation of L198Q relating to antigenic determinant site D in HA1 fragment of BY lineage strains in 2015. There were different kinds of amino acid mutations in HA1 fragment of BV lineage strains, which were rarely related to antigenic determinant site. Conclusions Genetic characteristic of influenza B virus was constantly changing in Guiyang in 2012-2015. Overall, the predominant circulating influenza B viruses in 2013-2014 in Guiyang could be not provided a good protection by current influenza vaccine, but the rest years of influenza B viruses were matched by current influenza vaccines with a good protective effect.

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in Liaoning Province, 2009-2014

MAO Ning, LIANG Shuang, HE Lin, CAO Hong-wei, ZHOU Bao-sen

2017, 21(3): 287-290. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.017

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Objective To explore the epidemiologic characteristics of tuberculosis in Liaoning Province during 2009-2014， so as to provide basis for the appropriate prevention and control of tuberculosis. Methods Data of the epidemiologic characteristics of tuberculosis from patients in Liaoning Province during 2009-2014 were analyzed using the descriptive epidemiology method. Results 148 331 tuberculosis cases were reported in Liaoning province during 2009-2014. The reported morbidity rate of tuberculosis presented a decreasing trend (χ_trend²=74.08, P <0.001). All 14 cities of Liaoning province had tuberculosis reports. Shenyang, Dalian, Anshan and Benxi City had a higher report number(χ²=6 915.97, P <0.001). Patients report started from April and decreased monthly, the number reached to the lowest in January and February of the next year. Patients were mainly 15 years of age or older, accounted for 99.59% of total report number. The report incidence was highest in the group of 45 to 54 years old, reaching to 76.48/100 000. The ratio of male to female was 2.59：1 (χ²=1 883.91, P<0.001). In all patients, farmers, housekeepers and unemployment were the top three occupations. Conclusions The reported morbidity rate of tuberculosis present a decreasing trend year by year. Male, young adults, farmers, housekeepers and unemployment were the risk factors of tuberculosis. We should strengthen the measures of prevention and control of tuberculosis among the corresponding population or factors.

Study on the prediction of malaria incidence in the northern Anhui Province based on remote sensing techniques and time series analysis

LI Bai-kun, WANG Jian-jun, WU Song, LI Jing, XU Xian, WANG Chao-lan, ZHU Ji-min

2017, 21(3): 291-294. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.018

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Objective To explore the relationship between malaria incidence and land surface temperature (LST) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), assess the adjusted effect on autoregressive integrated moving average model (ARIMA) prediction using LST and NDVI. Methods Five counties in northern Anhui province were selected in this study. We collected the reported malaria epidemic data, LST and NDVI remote sensing images from 2004 to 2011. Then data extraction and synthesis from MODIS images were performed. SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results The incidence of malaria in 2010 predicted by ARIMA models based on malaria data from 2004 to 2009 was higher than the reported incidence with an average error of 0.721/100 000. The results of multiple regression analysis showed a significant association (P<0.001) between malaria incidence and the nearly three-month average LST (lst_{_012}, β=0.295) and the average NDVI of last month and before the last month (ndvi_{_12}, β=0.280). After adjusting predictive results of ARIMA by Lst_{_012} and ndvi_{_12} (relative ratio was 2：1), the average error decreased to 0.018/100 000. The correction effect of lst_{_012} and ndvi_{_12} on the predicted malaria incidence by ARIMA model based on malaria data from 2004 to 2010 was evaluated again based on reported malaria incidence in 2011. The results indicated that the prediction error (＜0.001/100 000) after adjustment was significantly lower than that before correction (0.293/100 000). Conclusions ARIMA model could be applied to the incidence of malaria fitting and prediction. The predicted results would be better when the predicted results were adjusted by environmental remote sensing alternate index.

The correlation analysis of maternal birth weight and newborn birth weight

LI Mei, WANG Ying, XIE Bing-jie, GUO Peng-ge, CHENG Yan-peng, WU Wei-wei, FENG Yong-liang, ZHANG Ping, WANG Su-ping, ZHANG Ya-wei, YANG Hai-lan

2017, 21(3): 295-298,307. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.019

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Objective To explore the influence of maternal birth weight on newborn birth weight, so as to study whether the mother intrauterine dysplasia affect the growth of children. Methods A nested case-control study and multiple linear regression models were used to explore the relationship of maternal birth weight and newborn birth weight, Logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the further influence of maternal birth weight on small for gestational age(SGA) and large for gestational age(LGA). Results The incidence of SGA and LGA were 7.04% and 14.65% respectively. The positive association for matermal brith weight remained, getting a result in offspring birth weight by 174 g (β=0.174, 95% CI：0.134-0.213) for every 1 000 g rise in maternal birth weight. The incidence of SGA showed a declining trend with maternal birth weight increasing (χ_trend²=13.791, P<0.001), and the incidence of LGA increased with maternal birth weight (χ_trend²=7.900, P=0.005), maternal low birth weight (<2 500 g) was a risk factor for SGA (aOR=2.458, 95% CI：1.333-4.534). In pregnancy weight gain multilevel Logistic models, the conclusion basically remained unchanged, but the risk rations of SGA in low maternal birth weight among pregnant women who were low weight-gaining during pregnancy were higher than those who were stable weight-gaining. Conclusions Low maternal birth weight is a risk factor for SGA, and newborn birth weight increases with maternal birth weight, but no evidence showed that there is a relationship between maternal birth weight and LGA.

Analysis of blood pressure changes before and after education of salt reduction in primary students and their families

ZHAI Yan-li, FENG Xiang-xian, YUAN Jian-hui, DUAN Pei-fen

2017, 21(3): 299-302. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.020

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Objective To know the relevant knowledge of hypertension and its influence among the primary school students and their parents in Changzhi urban area, and discuss the effect of family salt reducing education on blood pressure control, so as to provide reference for effective hypertension prevention and control. Methods Every class was chosen randomly from the 28 primary schools' per grade five in Changzhi urban area, and they were divided into intervention group and control group. Then10 students and their parents were randomly selected as study subjects. Students in the intervention group were taught to reduce their salt taking for 3.5 months and then disseminated salt reducing knowledge to their parents. Questionnaire survey and physical examination were performed in the two groups of students and their parents before and after the health education. Results The awareness rate of the students and their parents increased significantly after health education. After health education, systolic blood pressure (SBP) increased(1.79±11.35)mm Hg compared with before. SBP of parents in control group increased (4.73 ±13.24) mm Hg and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.703, P=0.007). The diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of parents in control group increased by (1.37±9.50) mm Hg compared with before. The DBP of parents in control group increased by added(3.09±10.23)mm Hg and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.711, P=0.007). Multiple regression analysis method showed that women in control group with higher body mass index (BMI) and lower basic SBP which were equipped with wider SBP variation. Members in control group with higher BMI and lower basic DBP which were equipped with wider DBP variation. Conclusion The primary school students' family salt taking reducing health education could decrease their parents' blood pressure level and it provided valuable references for hypertension prevention and control.

The reliability and validity of short form health belief model scale for stroke patients

WAN Li-hong, ZHANG Xiao-pei, PAN Jun-hao, MO Miao-miao, XIONG Xiao-ni, LU Yu-wei, CHEN Shao-xian

2017, 21(3): 303-307. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.021

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Objective To simplify the Chinese version of the champion health belief model scale (CHBMS). Methods The Chinese version of CHBMS was revised using item analysis and expert consultation methods. A total of 235 stroke patients were recruited and investigated with short form health belief model scale (SF-HBMS). SPSS 17.0 and Mplus 7.0 software were used to test the reliability and validity. Results The item-level content validity index(I-CVI)was 0.97. The Sale-CVI/ universal agreement (S-CVI/UA) was 0.85. The Sale-CVI/average (S-CVI/Ave) was 0.97. The Cronbach's α was 0.835. The split-half reliability was 0.779. The test-retest reliability was 0.811. The confirmatory factor analysis was performed to test the construct validity. The χ²/ df was 1.642. The comparative fit index (CFI) was 0.939. The tucker-lewis index (TLI) was 0.926. The standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) was 0.062; the root mean square error of approximation(RMSEA)was 0.052, P=0.361, which all demonstrated that six dimensions and their items were all consistent and fitted with its theoretical structure. The criterion-related validity was 0.956. It could distinguish the difference of health belief among patients with different educational level (t=-2.282，P=0.023) and had desired discriminative validity. Conclusions The SF-HBMS has satisfactory reliability and validity, and can be used to assess the level of health belief for stroke patients.

The establishment and significance of the depressive model of adolescent female mice

FU Bin, HU Hai-yang, LI Ji-sheng, LIU Xue-ru, SHEN Hui

2017, 21(3): 308-311. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.022

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Objective To establish the depressive model of adolescent female mice and lay a foundation for the mechanism investigation of rapidly increased incidence of adolescent female depression. Methods 16 C57BL/6J female and 16 male mice (P18) were randomly chosen into female control group, female group, male control group and male group respectively (n=8). Behavioral tests were taken for all mice (P20) after 2 days' adaptive phase. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model for 3 weeks was taken for the mice (P21) of female and male groups and then behavioral tests were taken again for all the mice (P41) of 4 groups after 3 weeks. Results There was no significant difference on the behavioral tests results among 4 groups before CUMS (all P>0.05). After 3-week CUMS, change degree of body weight, saccharin consumption percentage, the travelled distance and time spent in center in open field test and the time in open arms in elevated plus maze were decreased (all P<0.05) and the immobility time of tail suspension test and forced swimming test were increased (all P<0.05) in female group compared with female control group. After 3-week CUMS, change degree of body weight, saccharin consumption percentage, the travelled distance and time spent in center in open field test were decreased and the immobility time of forced swimming test was increased (all P<0.05) in male group compared with male control group. After CUMS, saccharin consumption percentage and the time spent in center were decreased (all P<0.05), while the immobility time of tail suspension test and forced swimming test were increased (all P<0.05) in female group compared with those before CUMS. After CUMS, saccharin consumption percentage was less (t=6.02，P<0.001) and the immobility time of forced swimming test was longer (t=2.91，P=0.013) in male group than those before CUMS. After CUMS, the travelled distance in open field test and the time in open arms in elevated plus maze were less (all P<0.05) and the immobility time of tail suspension test and forced swimming test was longer (all P<0.05) in female group than male group. Conclusions The results showed that the depressive-like behaviors in female group were obviously more severe than those in male group after establishing the depressive model successfully. It is possible that adolescent female mice are more susceptible to CUMS than adolescent male mice.

Study on the main causes of death and life expectancy of residents in XiHu District of Nanchang in 2014

FU Chen-xin-xi, YANG Jiao, ZHOU Xiao-jun, YANG Li-li, LI Lei, WU Wei, RUAN Shi-ying

2017, 21(3): 312-314,322. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.023

Abstract(152)

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Epidemiological characteristics and time trend analysis of school pulmonary tuberculosis in Nanjing during 2005-2015

DING Song-ning, LI Chen, SUN Zhao-ping, YANG Chen, XIE Guo-xiang

2017, 21(3): 315-317. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.024

Abstract(259)

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Survey and analysis of readiness for hospital discharge of patients after total hip replacement in Hefei

WANG Xiao-yan, LI Yu-hong

2017, 21(3): 318-320. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.025

Abstract(140)

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2017, 21(3): 321-322. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2017.03.026

Abstract(106)

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Editor

Editor-in-Chief Ye Dongqing M.D.

Assistant editor Fan Yinguang M.D.

Assistant editor Pan Haifeng M.D.

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