中华疾病控制杂志

Serious challenges and thinking of countermeasures of clonorchiasis

CHEN Ting-jin, HUANG Yan, YU Xin-bing

2016, 20(1): 1-4,12. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.001

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Clonorchiasis is by far the most serious food-borne parasitic disease in China, with severe epidemic situation and lagging scientific research. We put forward some thinking of prevention and control countermeasures of Clonorchiasis, including the baseline survey, development of diagnostic technology, prevention and control strategy research and the center of gravity forward, development of specific medicine and popularization health education, etc.

Distribution patterns of the main respiratory infectious diseases in China and their associated socio-economic factors

DU Zhi-cheng, ZHANG Wang-jian, HAO Yuan-tao

2016, 20(1): 5-8. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.002

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Objective The study was conducted to identify socio-economic predictors of five major respiratory infectious diseases (Measles, Tuberculosis, Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis, Pertussis and Scarlet Fever) in mainland China. Methods Cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis were applied to explore the distribution patterns of these diseases, with principal component analysis used for extracting principal components from the original socio-economic data. Then, mantel test and matching analysis were conducted to quantify the predictor-outcome relationships. Results The results of cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis showed that provinces in China can be classified into 6 groups according to disease burdens. The results of mantel test showed that the correlation coefficient between the disease dissimilarity matrix and the principal component matrix of socio-economic predictors ranged from 0.220 to 0.375, whereas results of matching analysis tended to be better, with the correlation coefficient ranging from 0.402 to 0.545. The best matching predictors identified were “Proportion of children under 15 years old”, “Average education years”, “Illiteracy rate among people beyond 15 years old”, “Urban residents proportion”, “Water consumption per capita per day” and “Unemployment rate”. Conclusions The distribution patterns of the main respiratory infectious diseases in China between 2009 to 2012 were relatively stable and closely related to the socio-economic predictors. And comprehensive control programs should be implemented.

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever in Henan Province, 2005-2014

CHEN Wei, ZHAO Xiao-jing, ZHANG Jie, KANG Kai, GUO Xiao-fang

2016, 20(1): 9-12. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.003

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Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and tendency of scarlet fever in Henan Province, and to provide the theoretical basis for the development of effective preventive and control measures. Methods Descriptive epidemiologic method was used for analyzing the epidemic of scarlet fever in Henan Province during 2005-2014. Forecast to the incidence of scarlet fever from April to July in 2015 was made by using epidemic control chart. Results Totally 8 662 cases were reported the average annual incidence was 0.921 7/100 000. The average annual incidences in Zhengzhou city and Puyang City were over 2.000 0/100 000; most cases concentrated from April to May and from November to January; the ratio of male to female was 1.66:1, which has statistical significance(χ²= 528.712,P<0.001); preschool children and students accounted for 75.43% of the total cases; those aged from 3 to 7 years accounted for 72.20% of the total cases. There would be an epidemic from April to July in 2015. Conclusions Preschool children and students were the main population of scarlet fever. To effectively control the occurrence and spreading of scarlet fever, the health surveillance and health education in the kidgartens and schools should be strengthened.

Children hepatitis B virus infection in the community of HBV prevention and control demonstration area

WANG Yang, SU Hai-xia, WANG An-hui, JI Zhao-hua, GAO Jie, XU Rui, PU Zhong-shu, YAN Yong-ping

2016, 20(1): 13-16. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.004

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Objective To investigate children hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in the community,evaluate the effects of immunization after HBV vaccination and provide scientific basis for the national HBV prevention and control demonstration areas of Wuwei City. Methods Children under 12 years old from 4 communities of Wuwei City were selected as study subjects. Epidemiological investigations were conducted in the parents or guardians of children for collecting the information of HBV infection and vaccination. Serum samples of children were collected and used for hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) and anti-HBs enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection, only the HBsAg positive samples were tested for hepatitis B e antigen(HBeAg) alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and HBV DNA. Results Among the 4 159 children under 12 years old, 52(1.25%) HBsAg positive were determined. No significant differences were found for positive rate of HBsAg in different age groups (χ²=2.90,P=0.407). The highest HBsAg positive rate was 2.23%(6/269) in 1-3 age group.The coverage rate of HBV vaccination was 98.68%(4 104/4 159), the anti-HBs positive rate was 59.05%(2 456/4 159). The Chi-square test showed that the anti-HBs positive rates were significantly different among different age groups (χ²=216.81, P<0.001). The highest anti-HBs positive rate was 73.57%(1 116/1 517) in 10-12 age group. Of the 52 HBsAg positive children,8 (15.38%), 15 (28.85%) and 27 (51.92%) were positive for anti-HBs, HBeAg and HBV DNA, respectively. And 3 (5.77%) were described as abnormal ALT levels. Conclusions With high level coverage rate of HBV vaccine in the community, Anti-HBs positive rate of 4-6 years old children was not satisfied. We should further strengthen the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HBV. After primary vaccination, booster vaccinations of hepatitis B vaccine should be given for non-responders specially in 4-6 years old children.

Study on the incidence and risk factors of liver injury in Uighur tuberculosis patients

MA Chen-chen, ZHAI Xiao-hu, QIN Li-yan, GU Jia-yi, MAO Ying, ZULI YA·Shata-er, XIANG Yang

2016, 20(1): 17-20. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.005

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Objective To investigate the incidence of liver injury in Uygur patients with pulmonary tuberculosis during anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy and explore the causes of possible risk factors of liver injury, for a basis for treatment and control of tuberculosis. Methods A nested case-control study of 1 135 cases of Uygur patients were followed up and data were collected. Potential factors of ATLI were analyzed. Results Incidence of ATLI was 3.08%. The single test showed a history of liver disease was statistically significant (χ²=21.273,P<0.001). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that ATLI was associated with a elevated serum transaminases before treatment (OR=2.978, 95% CI:1.168-7.593) and previous history of hepatitis (OR=21.852,95% CI:5.410-88.196). Conclusions The treatment of TB patients have a elevated serum transaminases before treatment and previous history of hepatitis may be the risk factor of ATLI. In the tuberculosis patients receiving anti-TB drugs, the monitoring of liver function should be strenthened. Patients with possible risk factors should be observed closely so that appropriate measures can be taken to improve the treatment effect.

Survival and influencing factors analysis on AIDS antiretroviral therapy in Chongqing during 2004-2013

HE Hai, LI Qiao-qiao, ZHOU Chao, ZENG Can, CUI Xin-yu, WU Guo-hui, LUAN Rong-sheng

2016, 20(1): 21-25. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.006

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Objective To study the effect and the influencing factors of the highly active antiretroviral therapy(HAART) in Chongqing. Methods Data on the survival and death of AIDS patients were collected from the National HAART reporting system between 2004 and 2013, and analyzed using SPSS 17.0 software. Results 8 991 cases were enrolled in this study, 592 died of AIDS. Total AIDS mortality was 5.40/1 000 person-months. The cumulative survival rate of antiretroviral therapy after 1-5 years were 0.92,0.90,0.89,0.87,0.84 respectively. Data from Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis indicated that after adjustment for other influencing factors, the risk of death increased with the growing age and lower baseline CD4⁺T cells counts. The HR(95% CI) of 30-39 years、40-49 yrears and≥50 years group were 1.424(1.025-1.978),1.881(1.362-2.597),2.853(2.072-3.927) relative to<30 years group, respectively. The HR(95% CI) of 100-199/mm³ and<100/mm³ baseline CD4⁺T cells counts group were 1.962(1.486-2.590),4.847(3.792-6.196) relative to≥200/mm³ group.The intravenous drug users(HR=1.964,95% CI：1.544-2.498), opportunistic infection or manifestation(HR=2.658,95% CI：2.221-3.181) were also the risk factors of death.Conclusions The HARRT had significantly reduced the mortality rate. To improve the effect of HARRT in Chongqing, more effective measures should to be taken to make the AIDS patients enrolled HAART earlier.

The analysis of clinical epidemiological characteristics of herpangina by enterovirus in Tianjin City, 2014

LI Jia-meng, LI Lin, LV Li-kun, GAO Lu, LI Li, ZHAO Zhuo

2016, 20(1): 26-29. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.007

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Objective To study the incidence and epidemiological characteristics of herpangina in Tianjin. Methods A total of 134 herpangina cases were investigated, 133 throat swabs and 54 stool samples were tested. Results Enterovirus positive rate of 134 herpangina cases was 64.93%, of which coxsackie virus A10 accounted for 34.48%, and coxsackie virus A16 accounted for 29.89%. The pan-enterovirus positive rate of stool samples were in accordance with the rate of throat swabs (Kappa=0.709,P<0.001).The proportion of some symptoms including fever, sore throat, vomit and convulsions was higher in herpangina patients than in the hand-foot-mouth disease cases (all P<0.05). The major epidemic enterovirus of herpangina was different among different month (χ²=28.652,P<0.001). Although there were difference between herpangina and hand-foot-mouth disease in major epidemic enterovirus (all P<0.05), the types of enterovirus were consistent. Conclusions As one of enterovirus infection source, herpangina patients should be included in the monitoring and management together with hand-foot-mouth disease.

The prevalence and its related factors of overweight and obesity in Han adults of Inner Mongolia

LI Yan-long, WANG Hai-ling, WANG Ke, ZHU Jing-bo, DONG Fen, CHI Fu-li, GONG Hai-ying, QIAN Yong-gang, LI Guo-ju, XU Guo-dong, PAN Li, WANG Bin, ZHU Guang-jin, SHAN Guang-liang

2016, 20(1): 30-33,78. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.008

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Objective To investigate the prevalence and its related factors of overweight and obesity in Han adults of Inner Mongolia and to provide evidences for developing obesity-related intervention strategies. Methods 2 373 Han subjects aged 20-80 years were selected with multi-stage stratified cluster sampling who participated in questionnaire survey and physical examination. Logistic regression model was used to analyse the associated factors. Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity were 36.3% and 17.0%, respectively. Men had higher prevalence of overweight and obesity than women (40.3%, 21.9% for men, 33.8%, 13.9% for women, all P<0.05). In univariate analysis, region, gender, age, marriage status, education, income, smoking, alcohol drinking and exercise were assosiated with overweight and obesity(all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the elderly, male, married, high income, alcohol drinking, physical exercises were risk factors for both overweight and obesity, while developed region, high education and heavy labor were protective factors. Conclusions More than half of Han residents of Inner Mongolia were overweight or obesity, which may increase non-communicable diseases risk. Therefore, targeted interventions are urgently needed for prevention and control of obesity.

The relationship between maternal gestational and perinatal factors and blood pressure among adolescents

LI Yu-yan, WU Jun-qing, ZHAO Rui, REN Jing-chao, RONG Fen, ZHOU Ying, JI Hong-lei, GAO Er-sheng

2016, 20(1): 34-37,41. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.009

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Objective To explore the relationship between maternal gestational and perinatal factors and blood pressure (BP) among adolescents. Methods A follow-up study for the birth cohort from 1993 to 1995 in Wuxi was conducted during 2011 to 2013. Questionnaire survey and physical examination, including height, weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), were conducted. The χ² test, multi-linear regression and multi-genmod model were used to analyze the data. Results A total of 2 256 adolescents aged from 16 to 18 were followed up. After adjusting sex, age and overweight and obesity in adolescence, life habits of adolescents, the maternal gestational and perinatal factors were analyzed in the multi-models. We found that compared with adolescents whose mother had no pregnancy-induced hypertension when delivery, those whose mother had pregnancy-induced hypertension had higher SBP, DBP and the proportion of elevated BP (RR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.26-1.90). And the SBP of adolescents increased along with the increase of birth body length. Conclusions Pregnancy-induced hypertension when delivery was a risk factor of blood pressure for adolescents. Some methods should be conducted to prevent the pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Study on the status and change for dietary energy and pattern in Tianjin residents

LI Jing, CHANG Gai, PAN Yi, XIN Peng, ZHU Chuan-fang

2016, 20(1): 38-41. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.010

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Objective To analyze the status and trend of dietary energy and pattern of Tianjin residents, so as to provide data and basis for carrying out nutrition intervention and policy making. Methods Data used to analyze comes from Chinese residents' nutrition and health status monitoring from 2010 to 2012 in Tianjin area. The 24h dietary recall method for 3 consecutive days was used in dietary survey and weighing method was used for condiment intake. The sample includes 1 268 persons from 536 families in the whole city including urban area, suburb and rural area. Results Tianjin residents' standard energy intake per person per day was 2 208.48 kcal, basically meeting the need. The proportion of energy providing in protein and fat was 13.05% and 35.80% respectively; the energy supply proportion of fat slightly rised compared with that in 2002. The energy supply proportion of grain was obviously low (49.74%); the energy supply proportion of animal food and pure heat food are both on the high side (16.25%, 17.67%). The intake of protein was up to 70.20 g and the proportion of protein from grain was 41.98%, obviously higher than that in 2002. The proportion of grain decreases and was obviously lower. The intake of dietary fat was 79.53 g, which was higher than that in 2002. Conclusions In recent 10 years, dietary energy of Tianjin residents rise while the energy supply proportion of grain obviously descends; the intake of protein and fat both obviously increases; the dietary pattern gradually deviates from traditional dietary pattern in grain taking. Now the pattern turns to the high-energy, high-fat and high-protein western dietary pattern with pure heat food such as animal food and oil fat and. The condition was unoptimistic and the positive and effective measure should be taken.

Assessment on needs of knowledge about prevention and management of acute diarrhoea among caregivers of children aged under 5 years in Heilongjiang Province

ZHANG Xu-guang, WANG Cui-juan, WANG Yan-xin, HE Wen-tao, WANG Yi, ZHANG Li

2016, 20(1): 42-45. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.011

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Objective To investigate the needs of knowledge about prevention and management of acute diarrhoea among caregivers of children aged under 5 years in Heilongjiang, to provide a basis for future training, and to reduce the morbidity and mortality of acute diarrhea. Methods Questionnaire was self-designed and verified by the reliability and validity analyse. Cluster random sampling was used and 1 137 questionnaires were collected for the investigation. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the results. Results Knowledge about prevention and management of acute diarrhoea among caregivers of children aged under 5 years in Heilongjiang Province was low (36.851%, 419/1 137). Results from one-way analysis of variance showed significant differences in gender and education (all P<0.001) compared to in domicile and income (P=0.170 and P=0.224 respectively) on knowledge about prevention and management of acute diarrhea. By non-conditional Logistic stepwise regression analysis, female (OR=0.606, 95% CI:0.373-0.984) and highly educated levels (OR=0.566,95% CI:0.413～0.775) were protective factors of knowledge about prevention and management of acute diarrhea. 95.339%(1 084/1 137) of caregivers considered that they need to the knowledge about prevention and management of acute diarrhea. Caregivers hoped to get the knowledge from network (79.332%, 902/1 137) and television (62.797%, 714/1 137). Conclusions Caregivers of children aged under 5 years in Heilongjiang Province have insufficient knowledge about prevention and management of acute diarrhoea. It is urgent to strengthen the knowledge.

Investigation and analysis of sleep quality and cognitive situation among medical students in Changsha City

QU Fang, WANG Lei, XIANG Shi-ting, LV Yuan, YI Shang-hui, LIU Tao-cheng, YI Yin-sha

2016, 20(1): 46-48,53. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.012

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Objective To investigate the sleep quality and cognitive situation among medical students in Changsha City and to provide the government reference basis of formulating concrete measures to improve the medical students' sleep quality. Methods Using random cluster sampling method, part of students (not including graduate students) were randomly selected from several medical colleges in Changsha as the object of investigation. The main contents of the questionnaire included general items, sleep quality, and sleep cognitive. Data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 after collection and arrangement. Results The overall average score of medical students' sleep quality was 9.49±2.55, 4.27% college students had trouble in sleeping. The overall average score of sleep cognitive was 15.10±3.58,23.33% had incorrect cognition about sleeping. There were no significant differences of sleep quality between girls and boys(t=-0.285,P=0.775).But there were significant differences of sleep cognition between genders, girls were better than boys (t=2.369,P=0.018).Significant correlation was observed between the stand or fall of sleep cognition and sleep quality(χ²=110.84,P<0.001). Conclusions It is prevalent that some college students have sleep problems. And the bad sleep cognition rate is relatively high, it associates with unscientific sleep cognition. Moreover, there are significant differences of sleep cognition between genders.

Effects of ethanol exposure on the synthesis of hepatic lipid in mice

XU Meng, HU Chun-qiu, LI Yi, XU De-xiang, LI Ying-chun

2016, 20(1): 49-53. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.013

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Objective To investigate the difference of hepatic lipid synthesis in mice that suffered from different ethanol exposure. Methods 8 weeks male ICR mice were randomly divided into control group and ethanol group. The mice of the ethanol group were administered a dose of 50%(V/V)ethanol solution (4 g/kg) for 1 and 4 d by gavage.Meanwhile,the mice in the control group were administered with saline of equal volume.The mice were sacrificed and used at 12 h after the last gavage. Blood samples and liver tissues were collected for detection of biochemical parameters and liver coefficient, respectively.The triglycerides(TG) and total cholesterol(TCH) in serum and liver were measured. The change of hepatic lipid accumulation was assessed by Hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining and oil O staining. The mRNA levels of hepatic acetyl coenzyme carboxylase(ACC), fatty acid synthase(FAS) and stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase-1(SCD-1)were determined by the real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results In the single and four days' ethanol-treated mice, the liver coefficient was significantly increased(all P<0.05). The TG content was significantly increased both in serum and in liver, compared to the control group(all P<0.05). Oil O staining and Hepatic histology showed an obvious hepatic lipid accumulation. In addition, ethanol could significantly upregulate the levels of FAS, ACC and SCD-1 mRNA(all P<0.05). Conclusions A single or four ethanol exposures could promote hepatic TG accumulation through increasing hepatic TG synthesis.

Study on oxidative stress of liver in rats exposed to acetochlor

LI Long-xue, ZHENG Jing, XU Yi-hua, GENG Tian-qi, ZHANG Yang

2016, 20(1): 54-57. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.014

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Objective To explore the effect of acetochlor on oxidative stress of livers in rats. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into low-dose group (17.18 mg/kg), high-dose group (107.40 mg/kg) and control group by weight. Rats were administered with acetochlor through continuous feeding and were sacrificed at the 12 w and 24 w after treatment, respectively. Spectrophotometric method and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to measure the content of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and glutathione (GSH) of livers. Results The ratios of liver weight and body weight in the high-dose group were all significantly different from those in the control group at the 12 w and 24 w(all P<0.05). At the 24 w, in high-dose and low-dose groups, the eosinophilic change of livers in rats was observed, and GSSG content and ROS level of livers were all higher than that in the control group (all P<0.05). Also the T-AOC level and GSH content of livers in high-dose group were all lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). GSH redox potential of livers in rats increased significantly in high-dose group and low-dose group (all P<0.05), compared to the control. Conclusions Acetochlor could change the redox state of livers in rats and thus cause the oxidative stress, resulting in livers injury.

Survey on the prevalence of nosocomial infection in a tertiary hospital, 2010-2014

HAN Yang, PAN Hai-feng, FAN Yin-guang, LENG Rui-xue

2016, 20(1): 58-62. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.015

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Objective To investigate the nosocomial infection prevalence in a tertiary hospital, so as to provide the scientific basis for the prevention and control of nosocomial infection. Methods A cross-sectional survey method was used to investigate the nosocomial infection prevalence of five consecutive years (2010-2014). Surveys were conducted on one day each year in November according to the standards made by Anhui Center for Quality Control of Nosocomial Infection. Results In 2010-2014, on the annual survey day, the nosocomial infection rate of hospitalized patients was 3.19%, 2.32%, 3.03%, 2.34% and 1.74%, respectively. The lower respiratory tract infection site was in the first place of each year, followed by urinary tract, and upper respiratory tract infection. 91 strains of pathogen and microorganisms were isolated from the cases with hospital infection. The five leading pathogeny microorganism were as following: escherichia coli (19 stains), pseudomonas aeruginosa(15 stains),acinetobacter baumannii (12 stains),fungus (9 stains),staphylococcus aureus(5 stains). For 5 consecutive years, the antibiotic used rates were 48.88%, 40.04%, 37.59%, 36.85% and 36.23%, respectively.Gram negative bacilli were the dominative pathogenic bacteria for nosoeomial infection. Conclusions Consecutive five-year investigation of the hospital inpatient hospital infection rates is in the standard range. The use of anti-biotics of control rates is in the standard range. The department with high incidence of nosocomial infection department should be taken as the target of control management.

Dynamic analysis on bacterium spectrum and drug resistance of lower respiratory tract infections for consecutive 5 years

LIU Dan-dan, SHEN Ji-lu, DAI Meng-yuan, XU Yuan-hong, FEI Guang-he

2016, 20(1): 63-66. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.016

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Objective To investigate the bacterial spectrum of lower respiratory tract and the drug resistance change in the first affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University in recent five years, and to provide basis for the reasonable use of antibiotics in clinic. Methods A retrospective survey of the hospitalized patients with bacterial culture of sputum specimens from January 2009 to December 2013 was conducted. All the data were input WHONET 5.6 and statistically analyzed by SPSS 17.0. Results 6 564 bacteria strains were isolated with bacteria from 37 410 sputum spectimens of lower respiratory tract, including gram-positive bacteria 617(9.4%) and gram-negative bacteria 5 947(90.6%). The bacteria detection rate of acinetobacter baumannii and pseudomonas aeruginosa ranked in the top two, showed increasing trend, followed by klebsiella pneumoniae, whose detection rate presented decreasing trend. The resistance results showed that the resistance rate of pseudomonas aeruginosa against amikacin and the fourth generation cephalosporins was about 20.0% or lower. Staphylococcus ureus was resistant to many kinds of anti-biotics, however, no vancomycin and teicoplanin resistant strains were found yet. Conclusions Through the surveillance of drug-resistant bacteria of lower respiratory tract infections, help to understand the distribution of drug-resistant bacteria and bacterial resistance of antibiotics and guide the rational use of antibiotics in clinic, and to improve the efficacy of treatment.

Schistosomiasis prevention and control effects analysis in Qianjiang City from 2009 to 2014

ZHU Xu-yuan, LIU Xing-yuan, WU Chao-yu, WANG Wen-liang

2016, 20(1): 67-69,73. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.017

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Objective To analyze the schistome epidemic control standards in Qianjiang city from 2009 to 2014, and to continue the effect-based source integration of prevention and control stratigies. Methods Using epidemiological methods, we retrospectively collected data in the city from 2009 to 2014 for the control strategy of schistosomiasis. Humans and animals were screened and treated and the snail vector was surveyed and eliminated; waterway and feces managements were improved; machinery, instead of cattle, and other comprehensive measures were used. Results Qianjiang city continued the infection control by comprehensive prevention strategy. The frequencies of using marsh gas safe toilets and clean water reached up to 42.00%, 23.16% and 93.76%, respectively. 97.50% of farming cattle were eliminated. The infection rate of schistosomiasis in the residents was decreased from 2.56% in 2009 to 0.00% in 2014.308 villages of 27 townships realized the standards of the national disease control. Conclusion Following the epidemic control of schistosomiasis, Qianjiang city has achived much in continuous comprehensive prevention and control strategy in marshlands and lakes, which provides a scientific countermeasure for control of schistosomiasis.

Study on the design of clonorchiosis monitoring and management system

LU Yao, LI Hong-mei, ZANG Wei, ZHU Ting-jun, ZHOU Zheng-qi, LU Yan-xin

2016, 20(1): 70-73. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.018

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Objective To develop a clonorchiosis monitoring and management system in order to realize the dynamic surveillance of epidemic situation of clonorchiosis and provide prediction for disease outbreaks. Methods The system was divided into two subsystems, case report system and intermediate host monitoring system. The Browser/Server architecture was adopted as the framework in combination with Active Server Page and Microsoft access. Results User access has been opened to CDC and the relevant medical institutions under trial process in Hengxian of Guangxi and Jiamusi of Heilongjiang. Conclusions The system is believed to promote disease data collection and to be accessible to the review stage after data collection. Additionally, the system may reduce the following workflow and provide standardized data for convenience of data analysis.

SCL-90 test result on the empty nest elderly in China: a Meta-analysis

HUANG Yu-jun, ZHAO Yuan-yuan, WU Yi-le, SUN Ye-huan

2016, 20(1): 74-78. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.019

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Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the mental health status of the empty nest elderly in China with meta-analytic techniques, in order to provide evidence for intervention. Methods We performed online searches of the CBM, Wanfang, VIP, CNKI, Springer Link, ELSEVIER, ScienceDirect and PubMed databases in October 2014 for studies using SCL-90 to evaluate the psychological health status of the empty nest elderly. The STATA 9.0 software was used for Mata-analysis. Results A total of 12 studies were included in this meta-analysis. Compared to the sample of general population in 2006, somatization, depression, anxiety and phobic anxiety in the empty nest elderly were obviously serious, the difference was statistically significant. Interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, phobic anxiety and paranoid ideation in the empty nest elderly were significantly poorer comparing with non-empty nest elderly. In addition, a statistical significance with standardized mean difference (SMD) of obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety and phobic anxiety in the female empty nesters was observed in comparison with male empty nesters. Conclusions The mental health status of the empty nest elderly was significantly lower than the general population or non-empty nest elderly. The mental health status of the female empty-nesters was significantly inferior to men.

Association between iron deficiency anemia and blood lead level in children: a Meta-analysis

KUANG Man-hua, YANG Qing-ting, JIAN Yao-wen, XIONG Wen-jing, GAO Lu, RANG Wei-qing

2016, 20(1): 79-83. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.020

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Objective To analyze and evaluate the relationship between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and blood lead level (BLL) in children by using Meta-analysis. Methods Chinese and English literature prior to December 2014 on children with blood lead levels of iron deficiency anemia were searched and collected. Stata12.0 was used for data analysis, Cochrane's Q and I² statistics were used to evaluate heterogeneity among studies, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to explore the heterogeneity sources. Publication bias was calculated by funnel plot, Begg rank correlation test and Egger linear regression test. Results A total of 7 articles were considered and totally 722 cases of iron deficiency anemia group and 927 cases in control group were enrolled in the study. The combined children's blood lead level of standardization mean difference and 95% confidence intervals SMD (95% CI) was 1.18 (0.57-1.80), the results showed that the group of children with iron deficiency anemia blood lead level was higher and the difference was statistically significant (Z=3.78,P<0.001). Conclusions Our finding suggests that the blood lead level is correlated with the occurrence of IDA, and the average blood lead level of children with IDA is higher than that of the control group.

Evaluation of clinical therapeutic effects of choledochofiberscope in the treatment of biliary calculi

WU Wei, HUANG Qiang

2016, 20(1): 84-86,98. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.021

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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of choledochofiberscope in the treatment of biliary calculi and its reasonable choice. Methods Retrospective analysis of 300 cases of biliary stones in a affiliated hospital of Anhui Medical University from 2008 to 2012 was conducted to analyze the success rate, time and postoperative complications. Results 100 case of simple surgery, stones take net rate was 65.00%, 200 cases of biliary endoscopy group, which combined choledochoscope with intraoperative treatment group stones to take net rate was 91.96%, postoperative choledochoscope stones treatment group was 96.60% of net take, choledochofiberscope was significantly greater than the simple surgery group, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=23.35,P<0.001), the difference of intraoperative and postoperative choledochofiberscope stone net rate was not statistically significant (χ²=1.87,P=0.171); the difference of intraoperative and postoperative biliary endoscopy take stone time was not statistically significant (t=0.67,P=0.263); the difference of intraoperative and postoperative choledochofiberscope complication rate was not statistically significant (χ²=0.61,P=0.434). Conclusions It is demonstrated that choledochoscope application reduced the calculi recurrence rate, intraoperative and postoperative choledochoscope is an ideal way of dealing with stones in the processing of stone, we need to make reasonable choice based on patient condition, not only emphasizes the role of intraoperative choledochoscope but negelect the effect of postoperative choledochoscope.

Application of multivariable grey model (1, n) in prediction of aedes albopictus density

HUANG Jian-hua, SHI Ting-li, CHEN Yuan-yuan, CHEN Shao-wei, ZHANG Zong-yun, YIN Jia-xi, CHEN Qing, YU Shou-yi

2016, 20(1): 87-90. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.022

Abstract(553)

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Abstract:
Objective To make a short-term prediction about aedes albopictus density by multivariable grey model (MGM) (1,n), based on the aedes trap monitoring data and climate data. Methods Field investigation on aedes albopictus density at a village in Guangzhou was performed using aedes trap monitoring and traditional larval monitoring, and meteorological data were collected simultaneously. MGM (1,n) was established based on the variables with maximum slope degree of grey incidence, which was calculated by grey relational analysis utilizing mosquito and oviposition positive index (MOI), and five items of meteorological data and breteau index(BI), from July to November, 2014. The data in December was used to verify the prediction effect of the model. Results MOI had the maximum slope degree of grey incidence, then relative humidity, maximum mean temperature, precipitation, mean temperature and minimum mean temperature followed. MGM (1, 2) was developed by BI and MOI. The average absolute errors were 9.14 and 2.04 for BI and MOI, respectively. The average relative errors were 34.73% and 21.44%. When forecasting the density of aedes in December, the average absolute errors were 1.23 and 1.43 for BI and MOI, respectively. Conclusions MGM (1, 2) can be used to make a short-term prediction for aedes albopictus density.

Research incidence and related factors of postpartum depression in Xinyang City

WU Jiao-jiao, FENG Wang-de, WU Zhen

2016, 20(1): 96-98. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.024

Abstract(490)

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Abstract:

Study on the mutations of phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in the region of Xinjiang Uighurs

WANG Hui-qin, BU Juan, ZHAO Zong-feng, ZHANG Xiao-ling, YI Bu-layin, ZHANG Yan-jun, WU Wei-dong

2016, 20(1): 99-100,106. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.025

Abstract(355)

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Abstract:

Prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety among rural residents in Anhui Province

GUO Wei-hong, DING Hong

2016, 20(1): 101-103. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.026

Abstract(257)

PDF(123)

Abstract:

Epidemiology of public health emergencies in school of Xi'an City, in 2006-2014

ZHANG Hui, Liu Ji-feng

2016, 20(1): 104-106. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.01.027

Abstract(246)

PDF(46)

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Editor

Editor-in-Chief Ye Dongqing M.D.

Assistant editor Fan Yinguang M.D.

Assistant editor Pan Haifeng M.D.

Assistant editor