中华疾病控制杂志

Phylogenetic analysis of SARS-CoV, SARSL-CoV, and other coronavirus

ZHU Jing-yuan, LI Qing-bo, DING Ji-zhe, HE Jian-feng, XU De-Zhong, DUAN Guang-cai

2016, 20(2): 107-111,128. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.001

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Objective To analyze the molecular evolution of severe acute respiratory syndromes coronavirus (SARS-CoV) genomic sequences in different epidemic phase and to determine their possible relationship with SARS-like CoV or other coronavirus. Methods Nine SARS-CoV genomic sequences derived from different epidemic phases, 24 SARS-like CoV and 26 other coronavirus genomic sequences were collected. Multiple sequence alignments were conducted by ClustalX 2.0 and the phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA 6.0 software through Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method. Results SARS-CoV genomic sequences derived from early and middle phases were attributed to one branch and those from late phase to another separated branch with far genomic distance in every phylogenetic trees. With root of SARS-CoV genomic sequences derived from early and middle phases, those derived from late phases were the furthest branch and closer to SARSL-CoV or other coronavirus genomic sequences. Conclusions SARS-CoV genomic sequences derived from late phase have great genetic differences compared with those derived from early and middle phases. It's suggested that reverse or atavistic evolution occurred during the late phase of SARS epidemic.

Association of HLA-DPA1/B1 gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility and outcomes of hepatitis C virus infection

P EI Jia-ping, JI Xiao-wei, JIANG Long-feng, DENG Xiao-zhao, XU Xiao-dong, XIAO Wen, DING Wei-liang, ZHANG Jin-hai, WANG Chang-jun, ZHU Dan-yan, LI Bing-jun

2016, 20(2): 112-115,120. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.002

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Objective To explore the relationships between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DP A1/B1 gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility and the outcomes of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among high-risk population in Jiangsu province. Methods HLA-DPA1/B1 gene alleles were detected in 748 subjects including 170 spontaneous clearance of HCV infection, 258 persistent HCV infections and 320 healthy controls by PCR-SBT，and the HLA alleles frequencies were compared between groups. Results The frequencies of HLA-DPA1*0103 and HLA-DPB1*0201 alleles were higher in HCV infection group than those in healthy control (40.7% vs 32.2%, P=0.003) (22.0% vs 12.5%, P<0.001). The frequencies of HLA-DPA1*0201 and HLA-DPB1*1401 alleles were lower in persistent HCV infection group than those in spontaneous clearance HCV infection group (7.9% vs 13.8%, P=0.018) (0.0% vs 2.1%, P=0.015). However, the data analyses showed that the frequencies of haplotype DPB1*0501-DPA1*0103 and DPB1*0201-DPA1*0103 were higher in HCV infection group than those in healthy control (P<0.001), but the frequencies of haplotype DPB1*0202-DPA1*0202 were lower than those in healthy control (P<0.001). Furthermore, the frequencies of haplotype DPB1*0202-DPA1*0202 were higher in persistent HCV infection group than those in spontaneous clearance HCV infection (P=0.004), while the frequencies of haplotype DPB1*0402-DPA1*0103 were lower in persistent HCV infection group than those in spontaneous clearance HCV infection (P=0.008). Conclusions HLA-DPA1/B1 alleles might be associated with the susceptibility and the outcomes of HCV infection among population at high risk in Jiangsu Province.

Association of hEXO1 gene polymorphism with hepatocellular carcinoma

QIN Ruo-yun, TAN Sheng-kui, QIU Xiao-qiang, TAN Chao, LIU Liu, HUANG Xiong, LI An-hua, LONG Jing-hua, LIAO Qian, YANG Xiao-yun

2016, 20(2): 116-120. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.003

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Objective To investigate the association between the human outer endonuclease 1 (human exonuclease 1, hEXO1) gene polymorphism and its susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Methods A case-control study was conducted in 1 199 non-tumors cases as controls, 1 196 cases with HCC patients as cases. The cases and controls were frequency matched in genders,age and nations.High flux TaqMan MGB real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was applied to genotyping for rs1047840, rs1776148 of hEXO1 gene. The binary unconditioned Logistic regression model was adopted to analyze the association between the rs1047840, rs1776148 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and the risk of HCC,as well as to evaluate the interaction between the SNPs and the environmental factors.Results Distributions of genetypes for rs1047840, rs1776148 in the cases and the controls had no statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). The results of stratification analyses indicated that rs1047840, rs1776148 in the cases and the controls had no statistically significant differences (all P>0.05). Interaction analyses indicated that rs1047840, rs1776148 was significantly associated with the risk of HCC.Conclusions Interactions among polymorphisms of rs1047840, rs1776148 and drinking, smoking, HBV infection is associated with the occurrence of HCC.

Quantitative analysis of population aging on mortality disparities for major non-communicable diseases in China

HE Liu, SHI Wen-hui

2016, 20(2): 121-124,133. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.004

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Objective To estimate the impact of population aging on mortalities for major non-communicable diseases in China. Methods Mortality data from the National Diseases Surveillance System 2006-2013 were acquired to calculate the contribution of population aging to the increase of deaths for major non-communicable diseases, by decomposing the differences of death rates. Results Generally, the mortality rates showed increasing trends for coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, lung cancer, liver cancer and traffic injury in China from 2006 to 2013. 76.9%, 178.5%, 51.2%, 105.3% and 22.7% of the increase of deaths caused by lung cancer, liver cancer, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and traffic injury, respectively, were attributed to population aging; furthermore, the contribution of population aging on increase of deaths for lung cancer, liver cancer and coronary heart disease were greater in men than in women, while those on cerebrovascular disease and traffic injury were more serious in women. In addition, population aging contributed more to the increase of deaths caused by lung cancer, liver cancer, coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in urban population than their rural counterparts. Conclusions This study indicated that population aging in China will result in sizeable increases in mortalities for liver cancer, lung cancer and cardiovascular disease.These disparities may have implications for public health in both non-communicable chronic disease prevention and health service research.

Analysis on the variation trend of health related behaviors of chronic diseases of inhabitants in Huangpu District from 2007 to 2013

GAO Shu-na, WANG Ye-jing, WANG Fei, HE Li-hua, YIN Li-hong, ZHAO Jun-feng, ZHANG Yan, JI Yun-fang, YU Jie, NI Yi-hong, FU Chao-wei

2016, 20(2): 125-128. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.005

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Objective To know the changes of relevant health behaviors of chronic diseases among Huangpu District residents and evaluate the effect of chronic diseases related policies on health behaviors. Methods The data was collected from the investigations of chronic diseases and relevant risk factors that carried out in 2007, 2010 and 2013 in Huangpu District. The result was based on the analysis of relevant health behaviors of chronic diseases which including personal health behaviors, such as measurement of weight, blood pressure and blood glucose, physical examination, rectal examination, fecal occult blood, colonoscopy and women's cervical smear, breast self-examination, clinical breast examination. Results Several behaviors had been promoted such as the measurement of blood glucose (χ²=10.16,P=0.006), the female breast self-examination (χ²=7.33,P=0.026), clinical breast examination (χ²=23.03,P<0.001), fecal occult blood test (χ²=65.36,P<0.001). Conclusions An increasing trend of health behaviors has been found among Huangpu District residents. Chronic diseases monitoring data also support the conclusion that some relevant policies have played an important role in health behavior promoting. Thus it is necessary to continue popularizing the health surveillance measures.

Prevalence and risk factors of chronic diseases among residents over the age of 18 in Tongling County

TU Ming-li, WANG Xiao-dong, ZHANG Hong-lian, ZHANG Chi, HUANG Fen

2016, 20(2): 129-133. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.006

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Objective To understand the current prevalence of major chronic diseases and their major risk factors in Tongling County's residents. Methods A multistage cluster random sampling method was adopted. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 3 221 residents over 18 years of age from 2 091 households in 13 townships of the county to investigate their general conditions, chronic disease history and other related factors of the incidence of chronic disease, and indicators including blood pressure, blood sugar and height were measured. Results The prevalence rate was 8.9% in two weeks. There were 212 cases of hospitalization in one year, with a 6.6% hospitalization rate. The total prevalence of hypertension was 33.9%, whereas the total prevalence of diabetes was 9.3%. And there were 474 cases of other chronic diseases,including stroke, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer and so on, with a total prevalence of 14.7%. There was no statistical significance of sex difference (χ²=1.92,P=0.256), but there were age differences (χ²=237.83,P<0.001). By using Logistic regression analysis, it turned out that bigger waists and old age were risk factors of chronic disease, while heavy taste and low body mass of index were protective factors of chronic diseases. Conclusions The prevalence rate of chronic disease, especially hypertension is relatively higher in Tongling County. Prevention and control strategies and measures of chronic diseases have yet to be strengthened. While making the elderly as a priority of prevention objects, we should pay attention to expand the scope of prevention objects of chronic diseases to healthy people, guiding active and correct life-styles to improve the awareness of prevention and control of chronic diseases among the whole population.

The effect of walking and health education on blood pressure in hypertensive patients of Datong Coal Mine Group

WANG Cong, HUANG Jian-jun, REN Zhi-ying, SUN Chen-ming, WANG Tong

2016, 20(2): 134-137,145. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.007

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Objective The aim of this study was to discuss the influences of 8 weeks of walking and health education on blood pressure. Methods 124 patients with hypertension were selected from Datong Coal Mine Group central factory, and then they were randomly divided into four groups, included walking group, health education group, walking plus health education group and control group. Blood pressure was measured and then the intervention effect was observed before and after the intervention. Results There were significant difference between the drop-out rate of walking and walking plus health education group (χ²=5.34,P=0.021),the step frequency of walking plus health education group was more than the walking groups (t=2.19,P=0.034). The factorial design of covariance analysis showed that walking and health education had no interaction effect on lower blood pressure (systolic blood pressure F=0.18,P=0.675; diastolic blood pressure F=0.76,P=0.386).Walking intervention effect on blood pressure was statistically significant(systolic blood pressure F=9.85,P=0.002; diastolic blood pressure F=14.17,P<0.001); And the effect of health education intervention on blood pressure had no statistical significance (systolic blood pressure F=0.61, P=0.436; diastolic blood pressure F=0.81,P=0.371). Conclusions The walking could reduce blood pressure, the health education was unable, but it could improve exercise adherence in hypertensive patients. There was no interaction effect between walking and health education on blood pressure.

Evaluation on the nutrition and health status among the workers in a steel enterprise of Jiayuguan Region

XIE Su-rong, WANG Ling, SU Dong-feng, WANG Yu

2016, 20(2): 138-141. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.008

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Objective By gathering medical reports from 41 to 58 year-old middle-aged workers who come from an iron and steel company in Jiayuguan region, to investigate health status of employees, to provide basic data for enterprise employees in order to prevent chronic disease, improve work efficiency, and to protect worker's health. Methods 351 middle-aged workers were randomly investigated with the stratified cluster sampling method,and were screened for examination data along with learning about their life and eating habits. Results Hospital staffs were more susceptible to have liver cyst, fatty liver, higher indirect bilirubin, and higher triglycerides than steel workers, while steel workers were more susceptible to have oral diseases, lower low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), lower serum creatinine(CRE) than hospital staff. More men in hospital staffs suffered from overweight or obesity, hypertension, fatty liver, and higher indirect bilirubin (IBIL), higher triglyceride (TG) than women(all P<0.05);more men in steel staffs were incident to overweight or obesity, high blood pressure, high TG than women(all P<0.05), but women were more likely to have lower CRE than men(χ²=19.775,P<0.001). Conclusions Nutrition education for the employees of this enterprise, suggest balanced diet, strengthen exercise, control body mass index in the range of 18.5-24.0 kg/m², for the prevention of chronic diseases.

Effect of the new policy regarding iodine salt on the nutritional status of preschool children in Hefei City

YANG Feng-tao, LU Qun, WANG Bo

2016, 20(2): 142-145. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.009

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Objective To assess the effect of the new policy about iodine salt on the nutritional status of preschool children by urinary iodine monitoring fom the year of 2008 to 2014. Methods According to the Anhui Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Monitoring Program, the palpation of thyroid and the determination of urinary iodine were done on preschool children in Hefei. Additionally, the level of iodine in salt was also tested. Results From 2008 to 2014, the median salt iodine, the total goiter rate and the median urine iodine of preschool children in Hefei City were 26.8 mg/kg, 0.76% and 292 μg/L, respectively. The median salt iodine were 28.4 mg/kg, while it was 24.1 mg/kg after the adjustment, and there was a significant differences of iodine salt level between these two years (Z=-55.064,P<0.001); The goiter rates of preschool children were 0.84% and 0.64%, and there were no significant differences(χ²=1.236,P=0.266). The median urine iodine were 334.00 μg/L and 250.60 μg/L between those two periods. The distribution of the urine iodine value and the urine iodine frequency were also significantly different (all P<0.05). Conclusions It is suggested that the urinary iodine level would decrease with the implementation of new policy regarding iodine salt. The new policy should continue to be implemented under the urinary iodine monitoring.

Analysis of the impact of the diseases during the pregnancy on birth defects with random effects Logistic model

WU Jiao, LUO Yan-hong, GUO Xing-ping, SONG Chun-ying, CAO Hong-yan, ZHANG Yan-bo

2016, 20(2): 146-148,157. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.010

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Objective To analyze the impact of the diseases during the early pregnancy of mother on the prevalence of birth defects,so as to provide evidence for making preventive measures through surveying birth defects in counties (cities)of Shanxi Province. Methods All the new mother and first degree relatives in six counties of Shanxi Province,during 2006 to 2008, were recruited. The random effects Logistic model was used to analyze the heterogeneity between six counties(cities),then the impact of the risk of early pregnancy disease on birth defects was explored, such as fever,colds,threatened abortion,genital tract infection and vomiting of pregnancy. Results The results of random effects Logistic model suggested that different regions had heterogeneity between groups,considering the difference, suffering from fever during early pregnancy, colds, threatened abortion were closely related to birth defects; the mother suffering from fever during early pregnancy(OR=1.855), colds(OR=1.924), threatened abortion(OR=3.361) increased the risk of birth defects. Conclusions The incidence of birth defects is closely related to the prevalence during pregnancy. We should increase the degree of attention to the pregnant women, and take effective prevention and early intervention measures to improve reproductive quality.

Analysis on awareness of birth defects prevention knowledge among 0-6 years old children's parents in Shenzhen City

WANG Yue-yun, ZHANG Yan-ru, NIE Shao-fa, REN Xiao-hui, CHEN Bin

2016, 20(2): 149-152. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.011

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Objective To study the awareness of birth defects prevention knowledge among 0-6 years old children's parents, in order to provide reference for health education strategies about birth defects prevention. Methods Uniform designed epidemiologic questionnaire of prevention knowledge about birth defects was adopted. Convenience samplingand cluster random sampling method was employed for medical and health institutions and kindergarten class as unit, respectively. A total of 5 147 cases were identified. Results Awareness rate of birth defects prevention knowledge among population was 80.4% (4 139/5 147), of which young parents in age group ≤ 25-years old was the lowest(629/911,69.0%). Multivariable analysis showed maternal age group, household register and educational degree were influential factors of awareness about birth defects prevention konwledge. Statistically significant difference was found among premarital examination (χ²= 220.945, P<0.001), pregnancy check (χ²=141.297, P<0.001) and prenatal care (χ²=111.586, P<0.001) between awareness group and not awareness group. Conclusions Young parents in age group ≤ 25-years old, population of low educational degree and migrants were the key objects of birth defects prevention knowledge health education, they should be focused on.

The relationship between parental rearing style and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: the mediation effect of perfectionism

YANG Qiao-hong, WANG Jun, GUO Ying, CHEN Yuan-yuan, WANG Yi-chao, ZHANG Hong-bo

2016, 20(2): 153-157. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.012

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Objective To analyze the relationship between parental rearing style (PRS), perfectionism and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), and to explore the mediation effect of perfectionism between PRS and OCS. Methods 2 191 students of a senior high school in Hefei was recruited by cluster sampling and surveyed with Y-BOCS, EMBU and PANPS. Pearson correlation and structural equation model (SEM) was used to analyze the relationship between PRS, perfectionism and OCS. Results Parental “emotional warmth and understanding” and children's positive perfectionism was negatively correlated with OCS, parental “strict punishment”, “rejection and denial” and “excessive interference and overprotection” and children's negative perfectionism were positively correlated with OCS(all P<0.05). There were significant indirect effects of father's “emotional warmth and understanding”, “rejection and denial” and “overprotection” as well as mother's “emotional warmth and understanding”, “excessive interference and overprotection”, “rejection and denial” and “favoring” on children's OCS through children' s perfectionism (all P<0.05). Conclusions The positive PRS should be taken to promote the formation of children's positive perfectionism characteristics and thus reduce their OCS.

Investigation on the psychological pressure of 457 civil servants in Wuhan City

ZHANG Zhi-hong, GONG Xun

2016, 20(2): 158-160. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.013

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Objective To gain insight into the mental status of civil servants and its influencing factors. Methods The symptom check list-90 (SCL-90) and Chinese city residents' subjective well-being scale edited by Xing Zhanjun were used to analyze the serving civil servants' psychological pressure. Results 272 (59.52%) subjects had at least one symptom above 2.0 among nine factors including depression, anxiety, somatization, opposition, sensitive interpersonal relationship, terror, paranoid, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and psychotic. In the evaluation of four dimensions score including work overload, growth opportunity, achievement motivation, expectation, significant difference was also found between male and female civil servants in psychological pressure (all P<0.05). Meanwhile, significant differences were also found in age, gender and education level (all P<0.05). Conclusions The government and social public should pay attention to the value orientation, mental health and work feeling of civil servants, and strengthen the mental health education on the youth and lower level worker. Furthermore, it is necessary to adjust the performance appraisal and selection mechanism properly.

Investigation on the mental healthy status of the rural elderly in Guangxi Minority Areas

LI Wen-long, HUANG Zhao-quan, SHI Wu-xiang, KANG Min, LIU Jian-ying, GAO Dong, MAI Hao, GUO Zhen-you

2016, 20(2): 161-164. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.014

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Objective To evaluate the mental healthy status of Zhuang,Yao,Miao,Dong,Mulao,Maonan,Hui,Jing minority and the Han nationality in rural elderly. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted by symptom check list-90 (SCL-90). Results The total score and every factor score of SCL-90 in the aged from different minority remained statically significant (all P<0.05). The total score in the Hui nationality of the aged were the highest, whereas in the Zhuang nationality were the lowest. The aged in Dong minority had the highest score in phobic anxiety factor, while the Hui nationality had the highest or higher score in some areas, such as obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideation and psychoticism. Somatization, depression, paranoid ideal and other factors (reflecting diet and sleep) of the Jing nationality aged were the highest, as well as the score of factor in the Yao nationality old people. The aged from Han nationality had the highest score in anxiety and hostility factor. However, the Zhuang nationality old people's scores were at the lowest level. Conclusions The status of mental health are different in the rural elderly from different minority in Guangxi, as well as different factors among different nationalities with different psychological dimensions, which should be paid attention.

Analysis of urban community health elderly urine AD7c-NTP content

LIAO Jun, MA Jun, HUANG He-lang, YAN Ji, ZHOU Yue-ping, WU Lei

2016, 20(2): 165-167. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.015

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Objective To measure the content of neuronal thread protein in the urine (AD7c-NTP) of urban community elderly who are over 60 years, and to explore the value in the early screening and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the contents of urine AD7c-NTP between the case group (86 cases) and age-matched control group (172 cases), then ROC curve was drawn and sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Results The average levels of AD7c-NTP in case group were (2.32±1.38) ng/ml, and in the control group were (0.86±0.62) ng/ml. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(t=9.383,P<0.001); The area under the ROC curve was 0.854. When the threshold was selected as 1.313 ng/ml, the sensitivity was 84.9%, and specificity was 70.3%. Conclusions The levels of AD7c-NTP in the urine can be used as biological indicators of early screening and diagnosis of AD.

Study on the association of telephone calls from close family and friends with cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults

ZHENG Hai-qing, JIANG Chao-qiang, ZHANG Wei-sen, CHENG Kar-keung, XU Shao-jun, XU Lin, LIU Bin, RAO Sui-li, JIN Ya-li, ZHU Tong, LAM Tai-hing

2016, 20(2): 168-172,176. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.016

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Objective To examine the association of telephone communication with family and friends with cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults, and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of senile dementia. Methods Based on the baseline data collected in phase 3 of guangzhou biobank cohort study (GBCS), 9 434 Guangzhou residents aged 50 years or older were included. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information including mini-mental state examination(MMSE) score, telephone communication with family and friends, age, educational level and other relevant information. General Linear Model and non-conditional Logistic regression were used for data analysis. Mild cognitive impairment(MCI) was defined as MMSE less than 24 points.Results After adjustment for the potential factors above, telephone communication with family and friends was significantly associated with MMSE scores in a dose-response pattern, with less frequent telephone calls being associated with lower MMSE score, especially in middle-aged and older people living in the rural area. Compared to those with telephone calls at least once a week, those with telephone calls less than once a month (OR=1.26,95% CI:1.02-1.55) and without telephone calls(OR=1.63,95% CI:1.25-2.11) were associated with a higher risk of MCI, and the results were more significant in those living in the rural area(OR=1.52,95% CI:1.13-2.03 and OR=2.13,95% CI:1.51-3.01, respectively).Conclusions Higher frequency of telephone communication with family and friends was associated with better cognitive function. Telephone communication with family and friends <1 month could be an indicator of mild cognitive disorders in rural middle and older people. Intervention studies on the effects of increasing telephone communication may help to prevent the development of dementia.

Analysis on pulmonary ventilation function and its influencing factors in the elderly population

LIN Jian-wei, LI Chun-ling, CUI Xu-chu, JIN Gui-cai, PANG Zeng-chang

2016, 20(2): 173-176. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.017

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Objective To investigate the effect of socio-demographic and blood biochemical indicators on forced expiratory volumne in1second (FEV₁) and the largest force vital capacity(FVC) of 50-74 year-old residents in Qingdao. Methods 2 476 Qingdao rural and urban residents who aged 50-74 years were sampled through stratified cluster sampling method in 2009. Homemade scale was adopted to interview the elderly, meanwhile, FEV₁, FVC and blood biochemical indicators were measured. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the effect of age, gender, income, education, body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), blood lipids (TC/HDL-C) and uric acid (UA) on pulmonary ventilation function. Results Males were better than females in FEV₁ and FVC. With increasing age, FEV₁ and FVC were both declined, and the descend was larger in 65-69 group. With increasing education(β=0.433,P=0.042) and BMI(β=0.776,P<0.001), FEV₁ showed a rising trend. With increasing HbA1c, FEV₁ (β=-0.254,P<0.001)and FVC(β=-0.298,P=0.046) were decreased, while with increasing TC/HDL-C, FEV₁ and FVC showed a rising trend. There were no significant correlation between UA with FEV₁ and FVC. Conclusions The decrease of FEV₁ and FVC are the result of interactions of multiple factors, age and HbA1c are risk factors, while income, education, BMI and blood lipids are protective factors.

The study on the digit ratio between homosexuality and bisexuality in Kunming MSM population

LI Cai-xia, JIA Man-hong, MA Yan-ling, LUO Hong-bing, LI Qi, WANG Yu-miao, LI Zhen-hui, DING Wen-li, SONG Li-jun, ZHANG Ren-zhong, GUO Min, WEI Tao, LI Xiao-lan, CAO Lan, LU Lin

2016, 20(2): 177-179,187. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.018

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Objective To explore the characteristics of digit ratio between homosexuality and bisexuality in Kunming msm polulation, in order to reduce discrimination and to provide scientific evidence for targeted intervention measures. Methods Physical measurements were used to study digit ratio(2D:3D,2D:4D,2D:5D,3D:4D,3D:5D,4D:5D)of hands in 89 homosexuality,26 bisexuality and 115 controls. Results The 2D:4D and 2D:5D of MSM was higher than control. The mean values of digit ratio of MSM presented a trend as 2D:3D,2D:4D,2D:5D,3D:4D,3D:5D,4D:5D. According to the 2D:4D and 2D:5D, there was no significant difference between homosexual men and bisexual men (t₁=0.205,P₁=0.838;t₂=0.700,P₂=0.486). Conclusions Digit ratio (especially the 2D:4D of right hand) can reflect the individual prenatal testosterone level. The ratio was positively correlated with maternal pregnancy testosterone, and was negatively correlated with maternal pregnancy estrogen. So, the digit ratio is considered to be a prenatal individual biomarker which is affected by maternal pregnancy sex hormones. Low levels of testosterone and high levels of estrogen exposure during embryonic period could affect the individual's sexual orientation. However, using digit ratio cannot distinguish the homosexuals and bisexuals.

Analysis on the survival time and influencing factors of HIV/mycobacterium tuberculosis-coinfected patients

DUAN Zhen-hua, WU Xue-qing, SHI Ya-ying, LU Rong, FAN Shuang-feng, LI Zhi-jun, JIANG Wei-hua, LIU Fang, DAI Zhen, HE Qin-ying

2016, 20(2): 180-183. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.019

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Objective To analyze the survival time and influencing factors of HIV/AIDS and mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-coinfected patients in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. Methods Using retrospective cohort study method, through the China disease prevention and control information system of the subsystem “National AIDS Comprehensive Prevention and Control Information System”, the cases with confirmed date from January 2007 to June 2014 who lived or accepted detection/follow-up services in Chengdu were collected. All previous follow-up “tuberculosis test results” report for “extrapulmonary tuberculosis” or “tuberculosis patients” were screened”. The survival rate was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model were used for determining risk factors associated with survival time. Results A total of 583 HIV/MTB-coinfected patients were included in this study. 278(47.7%) and 469(80.4%) patients were found co-infected with MTB within 2 months and 12 months after HIV diagnosis. From the day of HIV/MTB co-infection reported to November 30, 2014, 141 patients died during 1 165.05 person-years of follow-up with the mortality rate of 12.10/100 person-years. In multivariate Cox analysis, HIV confirmatory age (years) (HR= 1.019, 95% CI:1.003-1.035), without ART (HR=12.278,95% CI: 7.918-19.038), the first CD4⁺T lymphocytes testing count (HR=1.712, 95% CI: 1.369-2.141) could affect the risk of all-cause mortality. Homosexual transmission (HR=0.334, 95% CI:0.166-0.672) and heterosexual transmission (HR=0.328, 95% CI: 0.137-0.781) (both compared with other transmission routes) were associated with reduced risk of HIV/MTB patients death. Conclusions HIV/AIDS cases with tuberculosis infection is mainly found in 1 year follow-up after the confirmation of HIV, the survival rate of amalgamative infection after 1 year lower than 80%. Age, non-sexually transmitted infection, not antiretroviral therapy, the low CD4⁺ T lymphocytes count of the first testing were the dominant risk factors of death in this region.

Analysis on the results of 399 cases about SFGR's four expertmental methods in Hainan Province

WU Jie, WANG Shao-ling, MA Yan, ZENG Xiang-jie, QIU Li, JIA Peng-ben, HUA De, LI Yuan, NIE Shao-fa

2016, 20(2): 184-187. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.020

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Objective To investigate the infection status and epidemiological features of spotted fever group Rickettsiae (SFGR) in patients with fever of unknown origin(FUO) in Hainan Province, and analyze the characteristics of detection of rickettsial disease,so as to establish a rapid strong specificity, high sensitivity and good repeatability laboratory testing system which would provide scientific basis for prevention and control of the spotted fever. Methods Nested polymerase chain reaction(Nested PCR,) multiple real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, indirect immunofluorescence and pathogen isolation culture methods were conducted respectively to inspect the blood samples of patients with FUO. Results Nested PCR was performed to detect the specific fragment of groEL gene in 399 blood specimens of fever patients.The results showed that 17 samples contained spotted fever group and typhus group rickettsiae, 61 samples contained orientia tsutsugamushi. Meanwhile, the result of multiplex real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR test, showed that 2 samples contained spotted fever group rickettsiae, 6 samples contained typhus fever group rickettsiae, 49 samples contained orientia tsutsugamushi. Furthermore,when indirect immunofluorescence assay were performed, SFGR IgM were observed in 19 samples and IgG were observed in 148 samples. Typhus fever group rickettsiae IgM were observed in 29 samples, and IgG in 169 samples. However, no cytopathic effect and negative results were showed in the test isolated and cultured the blood specimens with L929 monolayer cells. Conclusions Four kinds of laboratory testing methods could further clarify the epidemic characteristics of spotted fever from aspects of etiology, serology and molecular biology,provide plenty data for diagnosis and protection.

Establishment of BEAS-2B stable cell lines with lentiviral-based hsa-miR-100-3p inhibitor

DONG Wei, LIU Yuan-yuan, CHEN Zhi-jun, JIANG Yu, ZHU Qi-ping, WANG Si-ying

2016, 20(2): 188-192. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.021

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Objective To establish the human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B ) stable cell lines with lentiviral-based hsa-miR-100-3p inhibitor and lay a foundation for the study of miR-100. Methods The reverse complementary sequence was designed based on the mature sequence of hsa-miR-100-3p. The purpose gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and inserted directly into lentiviral plasmid vector GV280 after the double enzyme digestion, generatting GV280-hsa-miR-100-3p-inhibitor lentiviral expression vector. Then human embryo kidney epithelial cell (HEK-293) T cells was transfected with recombinant lentiviral plasmid along with two packaging vectors to produce virus particles. BEAS-2B cells were infected with the optimal titer of virus particles to obtain stable infected cell lines. At last, the infection efficiency was observed by fluorescence inverted microscope and the relative expression of miR-100 in BEAS-2B cells after transfecting with recombinant lentivirus was determined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results DNA sequencing demonstrated that the lentiviral vector was made successfully. The target BEAS-2B cells were efficiently infected. More importantly, the expression of miR-100 in BEAS-2B cells was reduced significantly, measured by RT-PCR. Conclusions We successfully established the BEAS-2B stable cell lines with lentiviral-based hsa-miR-100-3p inhibitor to reduce the endogenous expression of miR-100 in BEAS-2B cells.

Prediction of has-miR-16 target genes and its bioinformatics analysis

LI Wu, HE Qing-zhi, SUN Shi-bo, PAN Xiao-yuan, ZENG Huai-cai

2016, 20(2): 193-197. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.022

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Objective The aim is to predict the target genes of has-miR-16 and to analyze the molecular function, biological process and signal pathway enrichment of target genes, and comprehensively know living activity process and disease associated with miR-16. Methods The collection of target genes were predicted with bioinformatics methods and relevant literature. Cytoscape 3.2.1 and the database for annnotation visualization and integrated discovery(DAVID) database were used to analyze the GO(gene ontology) annotation and KEGG(kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes) signal pathway enrichment respectively.Results The mature sequence of miR-16 among species had highly conservative property. The molecular functions of 397 target genes were significantly invovled in protein binding, DNA binding, enzyme activity, and insulin-like growth factor receptor activity, etc. Biological processes of these genes were significantly associated with the process of development, cell adhesion, neurogenesis, cell metabolism and cell cycle regulation process. These target genes were also involved in cancer pathway, p53 signal pathway, neurotrophin signal pathway. Conclusions Has-miR-16 is involve in some human living activities and disease process through regulating target genes, especially cancer.

The study of monitoring grass bacteria and its influencing factors in the air of dorms of college students

LI Ya-jie, CUI Zhu-wei, GUO Zhi-qiang, CI Yang

2016, 20(2): 198-200. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.023

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Objectives To know the condition polluted by air microbes in the dorms of college students,and to find the factors that influencing gross bacteria in the air of college students' dorms, in order to provide the basis for promoting the air quality of students'dorms. Methods Natural sedimentation was adopted to monitor grass air bacteria in 96 dorms at the new campus of Tibet University. Results The gross air bacteria over-standard rate was 17.71% in the dorms of college students at Tibet University.The gross air bacteria of the afternoon was 944(553-1 573)cfu/m³,which was more than that of the morning 472(157-1 376)cfu/m³.The gross air bacteria over-standard rate of boys'dorms was 27.08%,which was higher than that of girls' dorms(8.33%). The gross air bacteria over-standard rate in good condition of sense health was 3.45% better than that in worse condition of sense health (38.89%). With the improvement of the sense health,the gross air bacteria over-standard rate was reduced(r_s=0.314,P=0.002).The gross air bacteria over-standard rate in dorms that have green plants was 6.25% better than the dorms without green plants (23.44%). There was more pollution by air microbes when there was a peculiar smell in the dorms.On the different floors, the gross air bacteria over-standard rate in dorms of college students can be decreased with storey.The higher you live in, the lower the gross air bacteria over-standard rate in dorms of college students was (r_s=-0.329,P=0.001). Conclusions The gross air bacteria over-standard rate of college students relate to sex,storey,time,condition of sense health,whether existing peculiar smell and putting green plants.We should adopt comprehensive control measures to reduce the gross air bacteria in the dorms of college students.

Clinical study of 157 rheumatoid arthritis patients' combination and complication

LI Xing, YIN Yu-feng, MA Bin, NIU Lin, XU Jian-hua

2016, 20(2): 201-203. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.024

Abstract(491)

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Influence of increasing health literacy on utilization of essential public health services among elderly population

WEN Xiu-qin, ZHAO Jie, ZENG Qing-qi, ZHENG Yun-ting, CHANG Chun

2016, 20(2): 204-206. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.025

Abstract(298)

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Time-series analysis of air pollution and cardiovascular mortality in Shenzhen

LIU Xiao-jian, WU Yong-sheng, FU Ying-bin, ZHANG Feng-ying

2016, 20(2): 207-209. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.026

Abstract(421)

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The effect of dengue prevention and control of health education in Longgang District

DING Hong, WANG Xiao-li, LIN Wen-jie, LIU Qu

2016, 20(2): 210-212. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.027

Abstract(293)

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The data analysis of pre-hospital first aid in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province in 2014

ZHOU Xi-ping, DENG Shao-fu, ZHANG Guang-gui, DENG Ying, ZHAO Xu-yong, LUO Gui-qiang

2016, 20(2): 213-214. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.02.028

Abstract(255)

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Editor

Editor-in-Chief Ye Dongqing M.D.

Assistant editor Fan Yinguang M.D.

Assistant editor Pan Haifeng M.D.

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