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CN 34-1304/R ISSN 1674-3679

2016 Vol. 20, No. 3

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Using a transmission dynamic model to estimate annual HIV incidence rate among drug users in China
XU Yong, ZHANG Lei, LING Li
2016, 20(3): 215-219. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.001
Abstract(627) PDF(92)
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Objective To estimate annual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence rate among drug users in China from 1995 to 2014 based on a transmission dynamic model. Methods An HIV transmission dynamic model was developed to describe the HIV epidemic among drug users in China. The model was parameterized using data from literature available. The incidence rate was estimated through Bayesian melding approach achieved by Monte Carlo simulation after training and testing the model based on HIV prevalence data from national sentinel sites. Results The trained model consisting of three compartments (susceptible, HIV infected and AIDS patients) predicted HIV prevalence precisely with small average relative error(4.37%).The model-predicted HIV prevalence fitted well to HIV prevalence data (R2=0.89, P<0.001). HIV incidence rate predicted by the model peaked in 1996(4.06%), then decreased to 1.25% in 2000. It rose again to 1.95% in 2002 and continued to decrease until around 2008 to 2014 when it leveled off between 0.50% and 0.90%. Conclusions The model was able to attain a good fit to HIV prevalence data, allowing for reasonably precise estimate of the incidence rate, which showed that HIV comprehensive prevention and control measures in China had positive impact on reducing HIV incidence rate among drug users.
Analysis of spatial autocorrelation of HIV infections and patients in Zhaoyang District from 1997 to 2014
ZHENG Er-da, KANG Jia-rong, LIU Hong-yan, SHI Chang-xiong, LI Xing-yi, ZENG Bo, HU En-hui, NIU Meng-xia, LIU Hong-ying, XIONG An-hua, LUO Ji-kai, LU Lin, LI Hong
2016, 20(3): 220-224. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.002
Abstract(481) PDF(123)
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Objective To explore and analyze spatial autocorrelation and the spatial distribution features of HIV/AIDS in Zhaoyang District, Yunnan province, and discuss the trend of variation with time for the HIV/AIDS cases clustering areas. Methods The reported cases of HIV/AIDS of Zhaoyang District from 1997 to 2014 were collected, and the global spatial autocorrelation analysis and the local spatial autocorrelation analysis were conducted by the method from spatial statistics. Results The annual global Moran's I indexes from 2002 to 2014 were higher than 0 (all P<0.05), which indicated that positive spatial autocorrelation existed in HIV/AIDS in Zhaoyang District and there were clusters of HIV/AIDS in Zhaoyang District. Local spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that the hot-spot regions expanded with time. Bivariate global spatial autocorrelation analysis indicated that the cluster of annual reported HIV infetions correlated with the increased numbers of annual reported HIV infections via heterosexual transmission. Conclusions The hot-spot regions were in the urban and sub-urban areas of Zhaoyang District that had been expanding to surrounding neighbored villages and towns by heterosexual transmission gradually. For the further prevention and control of the hot-spot regions expanding, it is necessary for us to reinforce the surveillance and propaganda in both hot-spot regions and other towns, while strengthen the awareness and education of HIV in rural areas.
Study on the epidemiological characteristics between field surveillance and site surveillance of HIV in a county of Guangxi
ZUO Meng-ling, DONG Bai-qing, WU Xing-hua, CHEN Huan-huan, LU Hua-xiang, HUANG Hui, CHEN Li, LI Ming-li, WEI Shu-lin
2016, 20(3): 225-227,235. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.003
Abstract(384) PDF(52)
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Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive population between field surveillance and site surveillance, so as to provide basis of prevention for effectively finding out HIV positive cases. Methods A county in Guangxi with high incidence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) level was selected, the data of HIV positive from January 1st, 2013 to March 31, 2014 was collected from the HIV/AIDS reporting systems as site surveillance while local permanent residents were tested for HIV antibody and related information was collected as field surveillance during the same period. Correspondence analysis was used to analyze the correlation of epidemiological characteristics of HIV positive population under two kinds of disease surveillance methods. Results A total of 214 586 people were tested by field surveillance finding 1 195 cases with HIV positive, discovery rate was 0.56%(1 195/214 586). A total of 151 365 people were tested by site surveillance finding 584 cases with HIV positive, discovery rate was 0.39%(584/151 365), which was lower than the field surveillance(χ2=53.69,P<0.001). Correspondence analysis showed that HIV positive cases aged 55- years, illiteracy and primary school culture degree, living in rural, heterosexual transmission, HIV infections and CD4 cell count≥200(cell/mm3) were more easily found by field surveillance, whereas people aged 30- years, senior high school or above education, living in urban, AIDS, other transmission routes and CD4 cell count<200(cell/mm3) had more chances to be found by site surveillance. Conclusions Carrying out field surveillance is conducive to early reveal HIV infections that look healthy. The elderly, low education level and living in rural are the focus and high-risk groups of HIV infection.
An epidemiological study on HFRS in Yichun City from 2009 to 2013
LIU Xiao-qing, ZHANG Tian-chen, XIE Yun, WEI Xiong-jie, CHEN Zhao, XIE Chun-yan, YUAN Hui
2016, 20(3): 228-231. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.004
Abstract(392) PDF(49)
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Objects To conduct an epidemiological study on the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) in Yichun City from 2009 to 2013. Methods The characteristics of HFRS reported cases between vaccination area and non-vaccination area on different age groups were described by epidemiological method and compared by statistical analysis. Results The constituent ratios of reported cases number in “16-60 year” age group were both decreasing in inoculation and non-inoculation areas from 2008 to 2013 and HFRS reported incidence of “16-60 year” group in the vaccination area was relatively stable after 2009, but was increasing in the non-vaccination area. Conclusions The implementation of HFRS vaccination program in Yichun City has curbed the increasing epidemic situation of the “16-60 age” group, but the incidence of over 60 age is increasing which have gradually became the highest HFRS risk group.
The current status and hotspots of hand-foot-mouth disease in China by co-word analysis
DU Rui, LI Juan-sheng, GUO Juan-mei, YUN Xiao-yan
2016, 20(3): 232-235. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.005
Abstract(335) PDF(43)
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Objective To reveal the current research status and hotspots in the field of hand-foot-mouth disease in China and to provide a reference for relevant personnel to help them understand the development situation and determine the research direction. Methods The Chinese national knowledge infrastracture (CNKI) was searched with “hand-foot-mouth” as the key words. The bibliographic item co-occurren cematrix bulders (Bicomb) software was used to generate key-words matrix and co-occurrence matrix. Cluster analysis and network diagram were made by were made SPSS 20.0 and Ucinet 6.560 software. Results The hotspots in the field of hand-foot-mouth disease in China mainly concentrated in the epidemiology research and clinical analysis of hand-foot-mouth disease, the drug therapy of hand-foot-mouth disease, the prevention and control of complications of hand-foot-mouth disease as well as the combined treatment of traditional Chinese and western medicine for hand-foot-mouth disease. Conclusions The research of hand-foot-mouth disease in China is relatively mature, but there is lack of intensely innovation research and exploration of unknown factors.
Study on transition levels of maternal neutralizing antibodies against enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 in infants in Guangzhou
CUI Min, LI Ya-jing, YANG Qiong-ying, LU Long, HE Qing, DONG Zhi-qiang, WU Xin-li, CAO Yi-min, FU Chuan-xi, WANG Ming
2016, 20(3): 236-239. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.006
Abstract(420) PDF(36)
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Objective To explore the transition levels of maternal neutralizing antibodies against enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16(CoxA16) in infants in Guangzhou, and to provide the scientific evidence for establishing corresponding immunization course.Methods Prenatal women who took a delivery in Liwan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from July 2013 to April 2014 and their infants were included in the study.Method of micro-dose cytopathogenic effect was used to measure neutralizing antibodies against EV71 and CoxA16, respectively. Seroepidemiological analysis was also conducted.Results The mothers' seropositive rates and geometric mean reciprocal titers(GMRTs) of EV71 and CoxA16 antibodies were 83.98%, 88.95% and 25.42, 27.00, respectively; the newborns' seropositive rates and GMRTs of EV71 and CoxA16 antibodies were 74.03%, 71.82% and 20.50, 16.48, respectively. The EV71 and CoxA16 antibody titers of newborns were positively associated with those of mothers(rEV71=0.70,P<0.001;rCoxA16=0.75,P<0.001), which decreased with the increased ages (χEV712=100.23,P<0.001;χCoxA162=112.24,P<0.001).Conclusions The vaccine should be vaccinated in 6 months of age. It is suggested that the women of childbearing age should be inoculated with hand, foot and mouth disease vaccine to reduce the incidence rate of infants who are under 6 months of age.
Relapse of hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients after standardized interferon α regimen: A five-year follow-up study
GUO Yuan, SONG Hai-yan, ZHANG Jun-fei, DONG Jing, PAN Jin-jin, CHEN Zhao-lin, CHEN Xi, LIU Bo, CHEN Cong-xin
2016, 20(3): 240-243,278. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.007
Abstract(343) PDF(71)
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Objective To estimate relapse of hepatitis B in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients who accept standardized interferon-alpha α (IFN-α) regimen during 5-year follow-up observation and evaluate the factors influencing relapse of hepatitis B. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 169 initial responders to standardized IFN-α therapy during 5-year follow-up. The clinical data and laboratory data, treatment regimen and relapse of the illness were recorded. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate cumulative relapse rate; The χ2 test, student's t test and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to analyze the correlation between the potential risk factors and relapse. Results The cumulative relapse rates at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 year posttreatment were 21.9%, 28.4%, 32.0%, 33.1% and 34.3% respectively; Relapse was related to age, serum hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels, decline in serum HBsAg levels at the end of treatment, HBV genotype and duration of IFN-α therapy by univariate analysis; According to Cox regression, duration of IFN-α therapy and serum HBsAg levels at the end of treatment were two main indicators for relapse of hepatitis B; The relative risk (RR) were 0.640 (95% CI:0.413-0.991) and 1.789 (95% CI:1.218-2.629) respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of serum HBsAg being 2 lg IU/ml or greater at end of treatment was 49.5% and 90.6% for prediction of relapse. Conclusions Shorter duration of IFN-α therapy and higher serum HBsAg levels at the end of treatment are risk factors for relapse of hepatitis B, prolongation of IFN-α therapy might reduce risk of relapse, and serum HBsAg quantification may be useful in determining course of individualized IFN-α treatment.
The effect of mycophenolic acid on expression of autophagy-related genes in hepatocytes
JIANG Jun-jun, SU Jin-ming, LI Yu, CHEN Hui, LIANG Bing-yu, HUANG Jie-gang, PAN Pei-jiang, LIU Jie, ZHAO Fang-ning, LIANG Hao, HUO Wen-zhe, YE Li
2016, 20(3): 244-248. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.008
Abstract(217) PDF(34)
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Objective To investigate the effect of mycophenolic acid (MPA) on hepatitis C virus (HCV) replkication and the expression of autophagy-related genes treated by MPA in HCV JFH-1 infected Huh7 cells. Methods Huh7 cells were infected with hepatitis C virus Japanese fulminant hepatitis -1(HCV JFH-1), and then treated with 5μg/ml MPA for 24h. The treated cells were collected to detect the expression of HCV, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain(LC3B), autophagy-related gene 3(ATG3) and autophagy-related gene 7(ATG7) at messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein levels by real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR) and Western blot assay respectively. Results MPA treatment decreased the expression of HCV and LC3B mRNA and LC3B-II protein (P<0.001, compared with control group), and reduced the expression of ATG3 and ATG7 at mRNA and protein levels (P<0.001, P=0.003; P=0.010, P=0.002 compared with control group). Conclusions MPA treatment could inhibit HCV replication and block autopahgy by down-regulating the expression of ATG3 and ATG7. These results suggest that MPA has a potent antiviral ability against HCV replication by blocking cellular autophagy.
The expression of vitamin D receptor and nuclear factor-κB p65 in human colon cancer
CHEN Xiu-ming, WEI Qing, ZHANG Cheng, WANG Hua, CHEN Yuan-hua, XU De-xiang
2016, 20(3): 249-252. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.009
Abstract(546) PDF(151)
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Objective To explore the expression of vitamin D receptor(VDR) and nuclear factor(NF)-κB p65 in human colon cancer.Methods The expression of VDR and NF-κB in the surgically resected tissue specimens from 27 cases and the normal tissue from 27 people of control were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The VDR expression of 5 cases (18.5%) and NF-κB p65 of 7 cases(25.9 %) was positive in the specimens of 27 cases, but VDR expression of 23 cases (85.2%) and NF-κB p65 of 25 cases(92.6%) was positive in the specimens of 27 control. The positive expression of VDR and NF-κB p65 in human colon cancer was lower than that in control (all P<0.001). Conclusions The expression of VDR and NF-κB p65 is low in human colon cancer.
Physical activity and breast cancer risk: a case-control study
DU Yu-feng, LUO Wei-ping, YAN Bo, MO Xiong-fei, XU Ming, ZHANG Cai-xia
2016, 20(3): 253-256,270. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.010
Abstract(364) PDF(50)
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Objective To assess the association between physical activity and risk of breast cancer. Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in two affiliated hospitals of a university between April 2012 and December 2014. Face to face interviews were completed among 549 breast cancer cases and 549 controls. Physical activity and potential risk factors of breast cancer were collected by using a standard questionnaire. Multivariate unconditional Logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between physical activity and breast cancer risk. Results A lower risk for breast cancer was observed for highest levels of non-occupational physical activity (OR=0.69,95% CI:0.48-1.00), for recreational activity (OR=0.61, 95% CI:0.43-0.87), as well as for standing occupational activity (OR=0.67, 95% CI:0.47-0.97), while household activity showed null result. Non-occupational physical activity showed reverse association with ER+/PR+ breast cancer risk. Conclusions Non-occupational physical activity, recreational activity and standing occupational activity are inversely associated with breast cancer risk.
Analysis on the spatiotemporal characteristics of gastric cancer in Liangzhou District, Wuwei from 2011 to 2012
LIAO Wei-bin, SUN Jian-guo, YU Guo-wei, YONG Wan-ling, TIAN De-hong, WANG Xi-bei
2016, 20(3): 257-261. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.011
Abstract(298) PDF(35)
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Objective To explore the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of gastric cancer in Liangzhou District, Wuwei from 2011 to 2012.Methods Based on the data of gastric cancer in Wuwei during 2011-2012, spatial empirical bayesian smoothing and space-time scan statistics analysis were carried out.Results The distribution of high and low gastric cancer incidence regions were concentrated after smoothed, and presented an spatial cluster phenomenon. Both purely spatial scan and space-time scan detected gastric cancer clusters in wuwei, purely spatial scan analysis showed that there have three clusters in 2011-2012, which included Yongchang, Wuhe, Hongxiang and other countries; Space-time scan analysis identified three spatiotemporal clusters in January 1,2011 to December 31,2011, but there had differences in cluster`s type and size between purely spatial scan and space-time scan. The result of space time scan statistics between male and female identified clusters in study area, and the cluster of female was larger than male.Conclusions The current gastric cancer incidence is still at a relative high level, the situation of prevent and control is not optimistic. The spatial empirical bayesian smoothing and space-time scan statistic method can overcome the differences among the regions, and find the spatial distribution of gastric cancer and spatial temporal clusters accurately.
The baseline survey data of Ningbo Sanmen Bay regional environment and residents' tumor incidence during 2010-2014
ZHANG Qun, BIAN Guo-lin, ZHANG Tao, WANG Yong, JI Wei
2016, 20(3): 262-265. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.012
Abstract(303) PDF(161)
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Objective To obtain the baseline data of local residents' cancer incidence and environmental terrestrial gamma-radiation dose around Sanmen Bay in Ningbo city from 2010 to 2014 before operation of Sanmen Nuclear Power Station. Methods The environmental radioactivity background values was monitored by adopting the Sodium iodide scintillator detection method and the relevant data on new tumor cases among local residents was collected from Zhejiang Chronic Diseases Surveillance Information Management System, and then a descriptive analysis was conducted on the overall incidence of new tumor cases, incidence sequence, incidence distribution by age, and radioactivity-sensitive tumors. Results The background value of the environmental terrestrial gamma-radiation dose in this area was 86.47±7.82 nGy/h and 6 270 new tumor cases were reported. The residents' tumor standardized incidence rate was 207.97/100 000 and the top five tumors were lung cancer (18.49%), liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer (10.52%), gastric cancer (7.87%), colorectal and anal cancer (6.97%) and thyroid carcinoma (6.83%). The standardized incidence rate of Leukemia and thyroid carcinoma both belong to radioactivity-sensitive disease were 3.56/100 000 and 14.95/100 000 respectively. Conclusions The research showed the original environmental radioactivity background values and the incidence of radioactivity-sensitive tumors among the local residents in the area adjacent to the Nuclear Power Station around Sanmen Bay in Ningbo city within a radius of 30 kilometers objectively, also laid a firm foundation for long-term environmental radioactivity monitoring and evaluating the residents' health condition. Furthermore, we can reference the result to conduct the comparative study and association analysis later.
Multilevel model study on status and influencing factors of accident injury among rural school-age children in Hunan Province
YANG Xue-wen, ZHA Wen-ting, ZHANG Guo-chao, LIANG Rong, LIANG Wei-jun
2016, 20(3): 266-270. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.013
Abstract(316) PDF(32)
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Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of accident injury among rural school-age children in Hunan Province. Methods Stratified cluster sampling was used to investigate 1083 children aged 6-14 from the developed, more developed, underdeveloped areas of 12 villages in Hunan during April to August in 2013, SPSS 17.0 and MLwiN 2.0 software were used for statistical analysis. Results 61.0% children had accident injuries in the past year, 71.6% accident happened at home or school, 56.7% were treated by children themselves or untreated, 63.3% of them spent no money after the injury. 21.0% affected the appearance, long-term limited and disability;Multilevel model analysis showed that age, sex, race, body mass index, personality, whether the parents go out to work were the influencing factors of children accidental injury. Conclusion We must focus on children aged above 8 years-old, boys, with outgoing personality or abnormal body mass index, especilly the “left-behind children” as the monitoring objects, enhance the security awareness and hedge skills of them, and increase the investment from government of Hunan Province especilly in minority areas.
Effectiveness evaluation of comprehensive intervention about injury among the left-behind children in rural area of Enshi
TAO Xi, ZHANG Ling, XIANG Bing, LUO Ju, LI Yan, ZHU Chang-cai, LUO Chang-sheng, ZHU Jun-qing
2016, 20(3): 271-274. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.014
Abstract(204) PDF(34)
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Objective To explore the effectiveness of comprehensive intervention about injury and provide evidence for eliminating injury among the left-behind children in rural area. Methods Left-behind children were recruited from grades 3-5 in 3 primary schools and grades 7-8 in 3 secondary schools of rural Enshi by stratified and cluster sampling and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group by school. The intervention group was given comprehensive intervention for 1 year, while the control group without any interventions. Before and after the intervention, a questionnaire survey was conducted among the two groups. Results After 1 year, the score of injury knowledge in the intervention group (11.53±1.56) were higher than that of the control group (11.07±2.30), respectively(t=3.540,P<0.001). The score of unsafe behavior in the intervention group (2.64±1.79)were lower than that of the control group (3.48± 1.78), respectively(t=7.070,P<0.001). Awareness rates about 11 indicators of the intervention group were higher and incidence rates about 2 unsafe behaviors of the intervention group were lower than before intervention, and all the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The incidence rate of injury in the intervention group decreased from 23.53% to 11.69% and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=23.127,P<0.001). Conclusions Comprehensive intervention can reduce the incidence rate of injury, which is an effective measure for injury control among the left-behind children.
Analysis on the distribution characteristics of elderly injury patients in Jiangsu Province from 2006 to 2013
DU Wen-cong, YANG Jie, ZHOU Jin-yi, ZHANG Yong-qing, SHI Zhan, ZHAO Li-xia, WU Ming
2016, 20(3): 275-278. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.015
Abstract(334) PDF(39)
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Objective The study aimed at learning the distribution characteristics of the elderly injury patients through collecting the cases in Jiangsu Injury Surveillance hospitals and providing the basic information for the development of effective injury prevention strategy. Methods The injury data was analyzed of the elderly aged 60 years and above from the Jiangsu Injury Surveillance hospitals from 2006 to 2013. The cases were diagnosed as injuries for the first-time. Results A total of 52 818 cases was investigated. The top three causes of injuries were as follows: fall (40.48%), traffic-related (27.79%), knife or sharp instrument (9.95%). Most injuries occurred at home (44.00%). Recreation (45.15%) was the major activity leading to injury. The most common injuries were bruise(38.07%), fractures(26.99%), and sharp or bite or open injuries(20.37%). The lower limbs(27.98%),upper limbs(24.48%)and head(22.24%)were easily impaired. Conclusions The main causes of injuries were fall and traffic-related injury no matter in city or rural areas, thus it is important to take the targeted intervention measures to decrease the injury incidence.
Analysis on medical records among 30 814 hospitalized children in Tongling City during 2004-2013
HUA Liang-zhi, YE Dong-qing
2016, 20(3): 279-281,302. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.016
Abstract(313) PDF(34)
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Objective To analyze the expenses and situations of children patients who were ill in hospital, for providing the basis for reasonable arrangement of healthy, developing a disease control and prevention program and strengthening hospital management. Methods The records of 30 814 children patients who were in hospital in the period of 2004 to 2013 were reviewed and analysed. Results The number of patients who were in 1-5 years of age group was the largest. The majority of patients were not seriously ill, and the number of patients who were cured was larger than the number of patients who were not cured and even dead. The top three reasons of hospitalization were: broncho-alveolitis, bronchitis,upper respiratory tract infection. The newborns who were in hospital spent the most. The hospital costs of neonatal disease were in the top three of all diseases in the hospital. Conclusions The respiratory disease is the main disease in the children. Because of the high expense of neonatal disease, we should strengthen maternal and child health care, and take notice of the special diseases screening. It will be better to reduce incidence of children respiratory diseases and neonatal disease.
The prevalence and influential factors for the willingness to accept circumcision among male workers in Guangzhou City, China
LU Shao-yan, LI Jiang, ZHANG Zhi-zhong, LIN Ai-hua
2016, 20(3): 282-285. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.017
Abstract(244) PDF(39)
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Objective To investigate the male workers' willingness to accept circumcision and analyze its influential factors. Methods A construction sites, industries-based cross-sectional survey, convenient cluster sampling study was conducted in Nansha District, Guangzhou City. Male workers from four construction sites and two factories were selected to attend the survey. Logistic models were conducted to analyze data. Results Of 836 eligible participants, 391(46.8%) were construction workers and 445(53.2%) were manufacturing industry workers. The proportion willingness to accept circumcision was 85.4%. The willingness to accept circumcision between different educational level had a statistical significance (χ2=12.67,P=0.002). The higher their educational level was the higher their acceptance of circumcision was; Compared to the low score group of AIDS knowledge, the high score group had higher willingness to circumcision, the difference between the two groups had a statistical significance(χ2=16,19,P<0.001). And the difference between the two groups of male circumcision knowledge had the similar result(χ2=19.90,P<0.001). After adjustment, “the more knowledge about medical benefits of male circumcision” (OR=1.84,95% CI:1.44-2.34,P<0.001) and “being affected by surroundings who had circumcision before” (OR=1.83,95% CI:1.06-3.15,P=0.029) were the positive factors for affecting acceptance rate. Conclusions The proportion willingness to accept circumcision among male workers is high, it suggests that the popularization and promotion of male circumcision in this population has an advantage.
Development and psychometric tests of a Chinese version of the HPLP-Ⅱ Scales
CAO Wen-jun, GUO Ying, PING Wei-wei, ZHENG Jian-zhong
2016, 20(3): 286-289. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.018
Abstract(3501) PDF(764)
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Objective To develop a Chinese version of the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-Ⅱ(HPLP-Ⅱ)and to evaluate the factor structure as well as the reliability and validity of the Chinese version. Methods From May to October 2014, we used a multi-stage stratified random cluster method and a face to face survey of selected community residents for data collection. We measured the psychological characteristics, including internal consistency, split-half reliability, test-retest reliability, item analysis and factor analysis. Results Of the 950 collected questionnaires, 862 were qualified. Ages of respondents ranged from 18 to 84 years, with a mean age of 41.02 years. Twelve items were eliminated after examination of those that factor loadings less than 0.4, those cross-loading on two or more factors and those not conceptually coherent with the factor, and thus got the revised version of HPLP-Ⅱ (HPLP-ⅡR); 40 of the original 52 items of the HPLP-ⅡR remained. HPLP-ⅡR supported a six-factor structure, explaining 48.95% of the total variance. The item-to-own subscale correlation (convergent validity) was greater than item-to-other subscale correlations (discriminant validity). The split-half (odd-even) reliability was 0.64 to 0.78, the Cronbach's α coefficient's level ranged from 0.63 to 0.81, and the test-retest reliability was 0.69. The mean scores of each HPLP-ⅡR dimension ranged from 43.11(Health Responsibility, HR) to 63.63 (Nutrition, N), and the correlations between factors ranged from 0.21 to 0.51. Conclusions HPLP-ⅡR is suitable for measuring health-promoting lifestyles of population in China.
Health literacy of college students in China: a Meta-analysis
ZHAO Yue-yuan, ZHANG Yao-yun, BAI Xue, WANG Yi, JIN Hui, GUO Hai-jian, WANG Bei, LI Xiao-ning
2016, 20(3): 290-293,298. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.019
Abstract(818) PDF(172)
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Objective To evaluate the level of health literacy among college students in China and its influencing factors by Meta analysis. Methods Some electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, Chongqing VIP, Chinese Biological Medical Literature were searched. R software was used for meta-analysis. Results The overall level of health literacy among colleges' students in China was 12.08%(95% CI:7.44-17.65), while health literacy level of basic knowledge, healthy lifestyle and behaviors, and health related skills were 25.69% (95% CI: 19.49-31.89), 9.96% (95% CI: 6.82-13.62), 52.20% (95% CI: 43.72-60.67), respectively. The scientific health views literacy, safety and aid literacy, chronic disease prevention literacy, infectious diseases prevention literacy, and basic medical literacy were 70.96% (95% CI: 63.53-78.39), 48.20% (95% CI: 38.48-57.92), 5.24% (95% CI: 2.09-13.13), 31.30% (95% CI: 21.88-40.72), 27.33%(95% CI: 18.40-36.26). Medical Students' health literacy level was higher than liberal arts students and liberal arts students was higher than science and engineering students, moreover, safety and aid literacy of college students from cities and towns was higher than ones from rural areas. Conclusions It is essential to take some efficient measures to carry out health education and health promotion in order to improve health literacy among college students in China.
Pollution characteristics analysis and health risk assessment of metals in PM2.5 in winter of Tianjin
ZHAO Yan, FENG Li-hong, LIU Hong-liang, SHANG Bo-dong, WANG Yu-wen
2016, 20(3): 294-298. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.020
Abstract(291) PDF(43)
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Objective To investigate the pollution characteristics of metallic elements in PM2.5 in winter of Tianjin, and to assess the population health risks.Methods From December 2013 to February 2014, ambient PM2.5 samples were collected in Tianjin urban, suburb and rural areas, respectively. By weighing method and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry respectively, the concentration of PM2.5 and 12 kinds of metals were detected. Health risk assessment was conducted using the recommended USA EPA model.Results The concentrations of PM2.5 of urban, suburb and rural were from 130.29 ug/m3 to 229.91 ug/m3. The concentrations of PM2.5 in haze days of urban and suburb were higher than that of non-haze days. The concentration of PM2.5 in rural area was higher than that in urban and suburb. The non-carcinogenic risk from higher to lower of the five metals was Pb> Mn> Sb> Se> Hg, and the risk in haze days was higher than in non-haze days, and to children was higher than adults. Both in haze days and non-haze days, the level of non-carcinogenic risk of five metals were lower than 1 in urban, suburb and rural areas. The level of cancer risk of metal element Cr in PM2.5 was about 10-5 except it was in non-haze days of urban and suburb.Conclusions The pollution of metals in PM2.5 was serious in Tianjin. The non-carcinogenic risks of metals did not exist, and the cancer risks of As, Cd and Ni were in acceptable level, but Cr could be health risk.
Analysis on referral and tracing of tuberculosis cases reported from network by non-TB control institutions in Anhui Province during 2008-2014
TANG Li, ZOU Zheng, WANG Ji-xiang, FANG Xue-hui, ZHANG Gen-you, TAO Fang-biao
2016, 20(3): 299-302. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.021
Abstract(380) PDF(29)
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Objective To analyze the status of referral and tracing of tuberculosis (TB) cases reported via internet by non-TB control institutions in AnHui province from 2008 to 2014, and to explore measures for improving tuberculosis cases finding and provide scientific basis for TB prevention and control program. Methods Data report forms and records of patient TB registration from 2008-2014 were collected and analyzed. Results 250 226 patients with suspected tuberculosis were reported by the non-TB control institutions in AnHui province from 2008 to 2014, the total arrival rate was 91%, 102 154 cases were diagnosed with active tuberculosis, among whom 48 315 were initial smear-positive cases, accounting for 47.30% of the patients with active tuberculosis, 3 017 were retreatment smear-positive tuberculosis cases, accounting for 2.96%, 47 823 were smear-negative patient cases, accounting for 46.81%. Compared with 2008, patients with referral rate increased by 50.74% (χ2=20 915.98,P<0.001), tracking rate increased by 31.49% (χ2=7 323.37,P<0.001), referral arrival rate increased by 31.56% (χ2=5 206.08,P<0.001), the total arrival rate increased by 24.85% (χ2=7 230.69,P<0.001) in 2014.Among the referral from China TB Direct Report System, the TB cases which could not be traced, the highest proportion of patients went out, accounting for 23.23%, 16.31% cases refused treatment, 9.76% cases were not found, deaths accounted for 7.78%, 42.92% cases were not followed-up for unknown reasons. Conclusions Non-TB control institutions play an important role in TB prevention and control program. TB case detection by enhancing the collaboration with non-TB control institutions and improving TB suspect referring and tracing system will further improve the ability of identifying patients.
Application of ARIMA model and auto-regressive model in prediction on incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease
WANG Yong-bin, CHAI Feng, LI Xiang-wen, YUAN Ju-xiang, WU Jian-hui
2016, 20(3): 303-306. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.022
Abstract(556) PDF(53)
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Objective To explore the application of autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA) model and auto-regressive model in prediction on incidence of hand,foot and mouth disease in China and compare the predicated effect among them. Methods The data of monthly incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease from January in 2008 to December in 2014 in China was collected, SPSS 13.0 and EViews 8.0 were used to fit ARIMA model and auto-regressive model respectively, at the same time, the monthly data in July to December 2014 was used to evaluate the effect of prediction. Results The average relative error(MRE), mean square predict error(MSE), root mean squared predict error(RMSE) and mean absolute error(MAE) fitted and predicated by ARIMA model were 14.006,4.689,2.165,0.147 and 13.565,4.416,2.101,0.133 respectively. The MRE, MSE, RMSE and MAE fitted and predicated by auto-regressive model were 16.793,7.247,2.692,0.171 and 16.206,6.639,2.577,0.164 respectively. Conclusions According to the model fitness and prediction accuracy, ARIMA model is superior to the auto-regressive model with a good practical value.
A comparative study of methods for logistic regression with separated or nearly separated data
GU Cai-jiao, HAN Ting, WANG Hui, WANG Tong
2016, 20(3): 307-311. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.023
Abstract(614) PDF(64)
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Objective To introduce a comparative study of methods for Logistic regression with separated or nearly separated data. Methods Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its influential factors, 75 drug users were analyzed by maximum Likelihood estimate, exact Logistic regression and Firth's penalized maximum Likelihood estimate, then results of the three methods were compared. Results Both of penalized maximum Likelihood estimation and exact Logistic regression produced valid parameter estimates and confidence interval of the latter was wider. The results of penalized maximum Likelihood estimation and exact Logistic regression showed that race was significantly associated with HIV infection, and Yi people with HIV infection was higher than Han people. Conclusions The maximum Likelihood estimate for separated or nearly separated data is invalid. However, exact Logistic regression and Firth's penalized maximum Likelihood estimate can get valid estimates. Since exact Logistic regression have problems of complex calculations, over-conditioning and conditional distributions degenerated, Firth's penalized maximum Likelihood estimate is recommended to Logistic regression with separated or nearly separated data.
Association of immune response to hepatitis B vaccine(HepB) on population of han nationality with HLA-DRB1 alleles in Shanghai
LIU Jing-yi, MAO Sheng-hua, REN Hong, LI Yan-ting, LI Jian
2016, 20(3): 312-314. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.024
Abstract(259) PDF(97)
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The observation of the immunization memory of anti-HBs decay children 5 years after primary immunization with hepatitis B vaccination
LIU Zhong-qin, WANG Xiao-qiong, ZHANG Guo-qing, LIU Zhao-hong, WANG Ying, CUI Jia
2016, 20(3): 315-316,322. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.025
Abstract(376) PDF(27)
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Hospitalization expenses and factor analysis of urban and rural pediatric pneumonia patients in a Hospital
ZHANG Ai-qin, SU Hong, WANG Yang, HE Rui-xin, CHU Ai-qin
2016, 20(3): 317-319. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.026
Abstract(294) PDF(24)
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2016, 20(3): 320-322. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2016.03.027
Abstract(178) PDF(18)
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