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CN 34-1304/R ISSN 1674-3679

2023 Vol. 27, No. 7

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Original Articles
Analysis of the awareness of hepatitis C prevention and treatment knowledge among hepatitis C patients
YU Jiejun, XU Peng, LIU Pengcheng, ZHANG Wanyue, SUN Chuanwu, CHEN Xingyun, ZHANG Peidong, YUAN Qing, LIU Zhongfu, LI Jian
2023, 27(7): 745-750. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.001
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  Objective  This study aimed to assess the understanding of the knowledge of hepatitis C prevention and treatment among hepatitis C patients and analyze the related factors, to provide a basis for future hepatitis C prevention and treatment.  Methods  From July to September, 2022, a survey was conducted among hepatitis C patients in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province and Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province. We collected information on the demographic characteristics and knowledge of hepatitis C prevention and treatment of the surveyed patients. The χ2 test was used to compare the differences in knowledge of hepatitis C prevention and treatment among patients with different characteristics. A multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the factors associated with patients′ knowledge of hepatitis C prevention and treatment.  Results  A total of 486 questionnaires were collected, and 483 were valid. Among them, 65.22% (315) were males and 34.78% (168) were females. The average rate of knowledge was 62.66%, with the lowest single-question knowledge rate of 32.71% and the highest of 81.37%. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that women [β=-0.729 (95% CI: -1.311--0.147), P=0.014], age ≥50 years [β=-0.635 (95% CI: -1.205--0.065), P=0.029], farmers or migrant workers [β=-1.139 (95% CI: -1.992--0.286, P=0.009], those who did not know the route of their infection [β=-0.970 (95% CI: -1.577--0.362), P=0.002], those who did not receive hepatitis C education [β=-1.648 (95% CI: -2.224--1.073), P < 0 001], and those who did not know they had hepatitis C [β=-1.097 (95% CI: -2.094--0.010), P=0.031] had lower awareness rates.  Conclusions   The understanding of Hepatitis C prevention and treatment among diagnosed hepatitis C patients was suboptimal and was influenced by factors such as gender, age, occupation, infection route, hepatitis C education, and disease awareness. There is a need for increased educational efforts to improve the knowledge of these populations.
Epidemiological characteristics analysis of hepatitis C in Chongqing from 2004 to 2021 and prediction
HE Yaping, WU Guohui, ZHANG Wei, LIN Jing, ZHOU Chao
2023, 27(7): 751-755. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.002
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  Objective  To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis C in Chongqing, predict its incidence, and provide scientific reference for prevention and control.  Methods  Data of hepatitis C cases was collected from the Direct Reporting System of Infectious Disease Information Network in China. We then analyzed the time, groups, and regional distributions, and predicted the incidence rate for 2025.  Results  From 2004 to 2021, 59 663 cases of hepatitis C were reported in Chongqing, with the reported incidence rising from 1.64/100 000 in 2004 to 19.10/100 000 in 2021, exhibiting an average annual percent change rate of 15.50% (95% CI: 12.90%-18.20%). The majority of cases were within the 25- < 65 age range (85.59%), with the primary age group shifting from 25- < 35 years (34.89%) in 2004 to 45- < 55 years (39.04%) in 2021. Farmers (31.23%) and the unemployed (30.72%) constituted the major occupational categories. Most cases were reported from the central urban area and western Chongqing, with the top five districts in terms of case numbers being Dazu (3 881 cases), Jiangbei (3 771 cases), Yuzhong (3 646 cases), Jiangjin (3 207 cases), and Shapingba (3 113 cases). If no effective interventions are implemented, the projected incidence rate would rise to 24.45/100 000 (95% CI: 22.24/100 000-26.66/100 000) by 2025.  Conclusions  The incidence of hepatitis C in Chongqing is rising, with the majority of cases being middle-aged and elderly farmers mostly residing in the central urban and western areas. The incidence is projected to continue rising in the absence of effective measures. Therefore, future intervention efforts should target middle-aged and elderly farmers residing in these areas.
Epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal aggregation analysis of epidemic mumps in Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2021
SHEN Xiulian, WANG Junying, HUANG Tian, ZHOU Qin, PENG Xia, CHANG Litao
2023, 27(7): 756-762. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.003
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  Objective  This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic mumps and the spatial-temporal distribution of its incidence in Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2021. It also aimed to explore the spatial-temporal aggregation area and the influencing factors of the disease, providing a theoretical basis for effective prevention and control measures of mumps in Yunnan Province.  Methods  County-level global/local spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial heterogeneity analysis which based on GeoDa 1.8.12, SaTScan 9.5, and ArcGis 10.8 software were performed on the reported cases of epidemic mumps in Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2021.  Results  A total of 124 786 epidemic mumps cases were reported in Yunnan Province from 2010 to 2021. The average annual incidence rate was 22.14 per hundred thousand. The incidence was higher in men than in women. And the highest incidence rate was in children aged 5- < 10 (129.86 per hundred thousand). The incidence also had a distinct seasonal trend. A bimodal distribution was presented annually, one of which was concentrated from May to July, and the other arose from November to December. Dehong Prefecture had the highest average annual incidence rate, followed by Diqing Prefecture and Xishuangbanna Prefecture. There was also a spatial aggregation in the incidence of the disease. The "high-high" cluster areas were mainly distributed in Kunming, Dehong, Baoshan and Lincang cities. The "low-low" clusters gradually spread from western Yunnan to southern Yunnan. The main factors affecting the incidence of epidemic mumps were per capita gross domestic product (GDP), altitude, and annual average temperature. The spatial-temporal scanning from 2010 to 2021 showed that the maximum possible clusters were distributed in northwest and central Yunnan, and the aggregation period was from May 18, 2010 to January 23, 2012.  Conclusions   The incidence of epidemic mumps in Yunnan Province (2010-2021) is distrbuted in spatial and temporal clustering areas, which can provide scientific reference for formulating epidemic mumps prevention and control measures.
Analysis and model prediction of epidemiological characteristics of main blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases in Zhanjiang City from 2005 to 2019
KOU Xiaojie, ZHANG Zexu, NI Jindong, CHEN Huida, ZHANG Bingsong, LIANG Lizhong, ZENG Hai, ZENG Zhirong
2023, 27(7): 763-768. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.004
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  Objective  To explore the incidence characteristics of five blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases in Zhanjiang City, and to establish an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model to predict the monthly incidence, thereby offering a basis for formulating prevention and control strategies.  Methods  We collected the number of reported cases of five blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases in Zhanjiang City from 2005 to 2019, analyzed the epidemiological characteristics, and constructed an ARIMA model for each disease.  Results  The cumulative number of reported cases of blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases in Zhanjiang City from 2005 to 2019 was 154 477, with an average annual incidence rate of 148.54/100 000. The incidence displayed a long-term upward trend and was higher in males than in females. The diseases mainly occurred in the 20- < 40 age group, with a high incidence among farmers, and were predominantly prevalent in Lianjiang City, with a low incidence in February. The optimal model for hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV/AIDS, and gonorrhea was ARIMA(0, 1, 1)(0, 1, 1)12, and the optimal model of syphilis was ARIMA(0, 1, 1)(1, 1, 1)12. In 2019, the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the fitted and true values was 7.76%, 7.58%, 9.39%, 19.60% and 11.48%, respectively.  Conclusions   The incidence of blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases in Zhanjiang City from 2005 to 2019 was high, characterized by distinct regional and demographic distributions. The ARIMA model demonstrated good predictive performance for these diseases, proving its usefulness for making short-term predictions and providing a basis for rational resource allocation for disease prevention and control.
Associations between albumin, globulin, albumin to globulin ratio and electrocardiographic abnormalities among people living with HIV
FENG Cheng, HE Chunyan, CHEN Xiaoxiao, HE Na, LIN Haijiang, DING Yingying
2023, 27(7): 769-775. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.005
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  Objective  To investigate the associations of serum albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) with electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities among people living with HIV.  Methods  This cross-sectional investigation included 1 788 between 18- < 75 years old from the baseline survey of Comparative HIV and Aging Research in Taizhou (CHART) cohort China from 2017 to 2018. We defined low ALB as serum ALB < 38 g/L, high GLB as serum GLB>35 g/L, low AGR as AGR≤1.5, ECG abnormalities as the presence of any ECG abnormal manifestations. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to analyze the associations of ALB, GLB, AGR with ECG abnormalities.  Results  The prevalence of ECG abnormalities, tachycardia, sinus tachycardia, ST/T wave abnormalities and LV hypertrophy was 41.16% (736/1 788), 9.00% (161/1 788), 6.15% (110/1 788), 14.88% (266/1 788) and 5.26% (94/1 788), respectively. About 3.08% (55/1 788) of participants had low ALB, 37.19% (665/1 788) had high GLB and 65.49% (1 171/1 788) had low AGR. After adjusting for traditional risk factors including age, sex, ALT, AST, BMI, hypertension and HIV-specific factors, low ALB was independently associated with sinus tachycardia (aOR=4.89, 95% CI: 1.96-12.20, P=0.001) and tachycardia (aOR =3.24, 95% CI: 1.50-6.99, P=0.003), and high GLB was independently associated with sinus tachycardia only (aOR=1.66, 95% CI: 1.00-2.74, P=0.049). However, no statistically significant association was found for any other ECG abnormalities (all P>0.05). And there was no statistical significance between low AGR and sinus tachycardia (all P>0.05).  Conclusions   Abnormal ALB and/or GLB levels are common among PLWH. The independently positive associations of low ALB, high GLB and low AGR with sinus tachycardia suggest that abnormal albumin and globulin levels may reflect the elevated inflammatory state in PLWH and thus may provide new evidence for better predicting cardiovascular disease risk among PLWH. However, the causation and underlying mechanisms need to be further investigated.
Correlation analysis of risk factors related to brucellosis infection based on Apriori algorithm
ZHOU Liwen, SUN Xihong, DING Zichen, WANG Haohua, CONG Huiwen, BAO Qihan, WANG Lianyuan, YANG Yi, LI Chengsheng, SHI Fuyan, WANG Suzhen
2023, 27(7): 776-782. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.006
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  Objective  This study aimed to analyze the risk factors associated with brucellosis infection and their interrelations, with a view to formulating preventative and control measures.  Methods  Based on the data of Jining from 2014 to 2017 from the National Infectious Disease Epidemic Information Network Direct Reporting System, the areas with high incidence of brucellosis were identified; In these areas, we carried out multistage cluster sampling, enlisting 2 892 participants for questionnaires and blood samples survey. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of brucellosis. Apriori algorithm was used to mine association rules of related risk factors.  Results  A total of 279 people were found to be infected with brucellosis, representing an infection rate of 9.65%. Logistic regression showed that being a breeders (OR=2.406, 95% CI: 1.726-3.353), contact with sheep (OR=3.323, 95% CI: 2.448-4.511) and fur purchaing (OR=21.141, 95% CI: 14.154-31.577) were significant risk factors for brucellosis infection (all P < 0.001).The Apriori algorithm mined 203 strong association rules with linking risk factors to brucellosis infection, with lift ratios ranging from 6.22 to 10.37. The strength of correlations varied among different risk factor combinations.  Conclusions  The infection rate of brucellosis is relatively high, necessitating greater focus on key groups such as those in the breeding industry, individuals in contact with sheep, and those involved in fur purchasing. Given the close interrelation of numerous risk factors, special attention should be given to individuals associated with high-risk factors determined by the strong association rules. Tailored measures are required to lower infection risks, creating a robust defense against brucellosis.
Analysis on association and lag effects of environmental factors on incidence of influenza like illness in Huzhou based on the distribution lag nonlinear model
XU Ao, LIU Guangtao, LIU Yan, ZHANG Peng, WANG Weibing
2023, 27(7): 783-787. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.007
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  Objective  To explore the correlation and related lag effects of environmental factors on the prevalence of influenza-like illness (ILI) in Huzhou.  Methods  The weekly incidence data of ILI and environmental factors in Huzhou from 2015 to 2019 were collected. Distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was conducted to explore the specific relationship between ILI and various environmental factors and to quantify the cumulative lag effects of various environmental factors on ILI.  Results  A total of 156 078 ILI cases were reported in Huzhou from 2015 to 2019. Several environmental factors were associated with the incidence of ILI, including average temperature, temperature difference, sunshine duration, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and SO2. Among them, the low average temperature (0 ℃) and the low sunshine duration (0 h) were significantly associated with ILI between lag 0 to lag 2 and with a maximal effect at lag1 (RR=1.385, 95% CI: 1.110-1.745) and lag 2 (RR=1.228, 95% CI: 1.053-1.432), respectively. The high average temperature (30.0 ℃) showed the maximal effect at lag0 (RR=1.416, 95% CI: 1.171-1.713). The maximum effect of PM2.5 and SO2 was lag0 and lag1, respectively.  Conclusions   Among the environmental factors in Huzhou from 2015 to 2019, high temperature, low temperature, low sunshine duration, and high concentrations of PM2.5 and SO2 increase the risk of ILI, and there is a certain lag. Among them, the impact of high temperature mainly occurs at lag 0, while the impact of low temperature can last for 2 weeks.
A case-crossover study on the effect of fine particulate matter on the risk of hospitalization in patients with diabetes mellitus in Shijiazhuang
QU Yue, ZENG Fangting, SUN Chengyao, TANG Dajing, GUAN Mingyang, CHEN Fengge
2023, 27(7): 788-793. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.008
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  Objective  This study aimed to investigate the effect of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on the risk of diabetes hospitalization in Shijiazhuang City.  Methods  We collected the relevant data of air pollutant concentration, meteorological factors and diabetes inpatients in Shijiazhuang from 2019 to 2021. A time-stratified case crossover study was conducted to explore the effect of atmospheric PM2.5 on hospitalization risk of diabetes patients using single pollutant model, double pollutant model and stratified analysis, respectively.  Results  A total of 14 756 hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus were included in this study. The results of the single pollutant model showed that the association of each IQR increase in PM2.5 concentration on diabetes hospitalization reached the maximum at lag 01 [OR value (95% CI): 1.044(1.019-1.070), P=0.001]. Stratified analysis revealed that PM2.5 posed a higher hospitalization risk in male diabetic patients compared to females, in patients < 60 years compared to those 60 years and older, and in diabetic patients during the heating period compared to the non-heating period. And all the differences were statistically significant (P=0.035).  Conclusions  The increase of PM2.5 concentration can lead to an increased risk of diabetes hospitalization in Shijiazhuang City.
Predictive effect of obesity indexes on hypertension in people aged 35-75 years in Inner Mongolia
FENG Xuehui, FANG Xin, ZHANG Qian, XIA Yuan, XU Xiaoqian
2023, 27(7): 794-799. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.009
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  Objective  To compare the predictive effect of nine obesity indicators alone and in combination on the risk of hypertension.  Methods  Primary screening data collected in the baseline survey of "Early Screening and Comprehensive Intervention Project for High Risk Groups of Cardiovascular Diseases" was analyzed. The logistics regression was used to analyze the influence of obesity indicators on the prevalence of HTN, And the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was applied to predict the effect of the risk of HTN.  Results  A total of 48 570 people aged 35-75 years were included in this study. After adjusting for confounding factors, each increase in standard deviation in PI of the male population had the highest risk of increased prevalence of hypertension (OR=1.529, 95% CI: 1.476-1.584), while the female population (OR=1.432, 95% CI: 1.395-1.470) and the whole population (OR=1.473, 95% CI: 1.443-1.503) had the highest BMI effect. The maximum area under the curve (AUC) for predicting the risk of HTN by BMI was 0.665, while the AUC for the combined prediction of BMI and LAP was 0.668, with an increase of only 0.45%. The optimal cut off value for BMI was 25.7 kg/m2.  Conclusions  BMI is the most effective in predicting the risk of HTN, and measures should be taken to control BMI below 25.7 kg/m2.
The status quo and influencing factors of renal impairment in the Uyghur population in southern Xinjiang
GUO Xiaoqing, SHAO Yinbao, GUO Heng, GUO Shuxia, HE Jia, LI Yu, MA Rulin
2023, 27(7): 800-806. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.010
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  Objective  To analyze the current status of estimated renal impairment in the Uygur population in southern Xinjiang and explore its influencing factors, in order to provide evidence for the early detection and prevention of chronic kidney disease.  Methods  A total of 11 782 Uyghurs over the age of 18 in the 51st Regiment of the Third Division of the Xinjiang Construction Corps in 2016 were selected as the survey subjects, and the data of a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and laboratory testing were used for analysis. The degree of renal injury distribution was described by the χ 2 test and nonparametric test. The ordinal multi-class logistic regression model was used to explore the influencing factors of renal function injury.  Results  Among the Uyghur population in southern Xinjiang, 20.7% had renal impairment, of which 19.5% had a mild renal impairment and 1.1% had moderate to severe renal impairment. There were significant differences in gender (χ 2=-14.871, P < 0.001), age (χ 2=884.842, P < 0.001), waist-to-height ratio (χ 2=-12.088, P < 0.001), uric acid (UA) (χ 2=-9.006, P < 0.001), fasting blood glucose (FBG) (χ 2=-7.156, P < 0.001), dyslipidemia (χ 2=-9.992, P < 0.001), hypertension (χ 2=-13.706, P < 0.001), cardiovascular disease (CVD) history (χ 2=-8.316, P < 0.001), CVD family history (χ 2=-2.490, P=0.013), and salt addiction (χ 2=-2.373, P=0.018). Being female (OR=2.373, 95% CI: 2.144-2.627, P < 0.001), of advanced age (OR=95.081, 95% CI: 63.375-142.651, P < 0.001), having hyperuricemia (OR=2.277, 95% CI: 1.726-3.004, P < 0.001), dyslipidemia (OR=1.358, 95% CI: 1.222-1.508, P < 0.001), and family history of CVD (OR=1.302, 95% CI: 1.072-1.580, P=0.008) were factors that aggravated the degree of renal damage.  Conclusions  In the Uyghur population in southern Xinjiang, being female, of advanced age, having hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia, and a family history of CVD are influencing factors of renal impairment, which aggravated renal impairment. It is recommended to carry out health education and peer education for key groups to improve the awareness rate, treatment rate, and control rate of chronic kidney disease in this group.
Change trend analysis of the disease burden of low back pain and its risk factors in China from 1990 to 2019
FAN Zhuanzhuan, LI Wenting, WANG Zhiyong
2023, 27(7): 807-813. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.011
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  Objective  This study aimed to analyze the changing trend in the disease burden of low back pain and its risk factors in Chinese residents from 1990 to 2019.  Methods  The data were extracted from the database of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.We used case numbers, incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), YLDs rate, and population attributable fraction (PAF) to describe the burden of low back pain and its risk factors, and the changes from 1990 to 2019.  Results  From 1990 to 2019, the number of incidence cases and incidence rate, the number of prevalence cases and prevalence rate, YLDs and YLDs rate of low back pain increased by 20.85%, 0.57%, 21.30%, 0.95%, 20.83% and 0.55%, respectively.However, the standardized incidence rate, standardized prevalence rate, and standardized YLDs rate decreased by 28.15%, 29.13%, and 28.97%, respectively.The disease burden was higher in females than males, with the difference gradually increasing.Additionally, the disease burden was highest in the 70-year-old age group.Among the three risk factors associated with low back pain (occupational ergonomics, smoking, and high BMI), the disease burden attributable to occupational ergonomics decreased by 17.98%, while the burden attributable to smoking and high BMI increased by 35.80% and 196.27%, respectively.  Conclusions  Low back pain continues to be a major cause of disability burden among the Chinese population, with the situation being especially serious.Interventions to control the prevalence of risk factors should be formulated, and further measures should be taken to reduce the disease burden of low back pain, particularly among women and older people.
Associations between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and human papillomavirus infection in women with abnormal cervical cytology
ZHANG Le, ZHANG Mingxuan, WANG Jiahao, WU Caihong, PEI Ruixin, YAN Jiaxin, LYU Yuanjing, SONG Li, CUI Meng, DING Ling, HAO Min, WANG Jintao
2023, 27(7): 814-820. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.012
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  Objective  This study aimed to explore the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women with abnormal cervical cytology.  Methods  A cross-sectional study was conducted on a cohort of 2 285 women with abnormal cervical cytology.The cohort was previously established by our research group.The study analyzed the association between PAHs and HPV infection, using HPV infection status in cervical exfoliated cells and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) exposure levels in urine detected at the same time.  Results  In women with abnormal cervical cytology, the HPV infection rate was 32.3%, with single and multiple infection rates of 22.8% and 9.4%, respectively.The infection rate of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) was 31.6%, and the top five infection types were HPV16, HPV58, HPV52, HPV53, and HPV51.The exposure levels of PAHs in women infected with HPV and its single or multiple, HR-HPV, HPV16, HPV58, HPV52, HPV53, and HPV51 were all higher than those without infection (all P < 0.001).High exposure to PAHs could increase the risk of infection of the above types of HPV, showing a dose-response relationship between PAHs exposure levels and the risk of HPV infection (all P < 0.05).Further stratified analysis showed that among women aged 35- < 45 years, with junior high school education level or below, passive smoking, premenopausal women and parities ≥3 times, the risk of HPV infection and high-risk HPV16 infection was greater in those with high PAHs exposure.  Conclusions  High exposure to PAHs could increase the risk of HPV or high-risk HPV infection in women with cervical cell abnormalities, especially in women aged 35- < 45 years, with low education level, passive smoking, multiple parturition, and premenopausal women.
Study on the risk factors of allergic diseases in infants aged 0-36 months in Longhua District, Shenzhen
YIN Daogen, HE Zhen, ZENG Xiaohui, DUAN Xueyan, LIAO Xiaobing, LU Wanke
2023, 27(7): 821-826. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.013
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  Objective  The study aims to analyze the various risk factors associated with allergic diseases in infants aged 0-36 months, thereby providing a theoretical framework for preventive measures against such conditions.  Methods  Parents of children aged 0-36 months who attended the community health service institutions for routine physical examinations in L District, Shenzhen, were selected for this study.Data on allergic diseases were collected through a structured questionnaire survey.Subsequent analysis was performed using Chi-square, t-test, and binomial logistic regression to assess both risk and protective factors of allergic diseases.  Results  A total of 399 children were collected, including 209 boys and 190 girls.The allergic group comprised 80 children (20.05%) who had allergic diseases, while the normal group consisted of 319 children (79.95%) without any allergic conditions.The univariate and multivariate analyses revealed the father's allergic history (OR=4.009, 95% CI: 1.618-9.930), house decoration (OR=5.702, 95% CI: 1.247-26.075), gestational disease history (OR=2.022, 95% CI: 1.022-4.000), probiotics use in infants (OR=2.214, 95% CI: 1.201-4.081), and high stress during pregnancy (OR=5.296, 95% CI: 1.298-21.616) were the risk factors of allergic diseases in infants (all P < 0.05).Conversely, probiotics supplementation during pregnancy (OR=0.427, 95% CI: 0.210-0.867) served as a protective factor against these conditions in infants (P < 0.05).  Conclusions  The results indicate that factors such as the father's allergic history, indoor housing renovations, a history of gestational diseases, the usage of probiotics in infants, and high levels of stress during pregnancy may increase the susceptibility of infants to allergic diseases.However, the administration of probiotics during pregnancy may serve as a protective factor against the onset of these allergic conditions in infants.
Prevalence and associated factors of bone degenerative diseases among Beijing residents
WANG Chao, WANG Qianqian, ZHANG Yanzhuo, TAO Jianfeng, WANG Ying, XIAO Bin, JIANG Xu, WU Chengai
2023, 27(7): 827-832. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.014
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  Objective  The Beijing bone degenerative diseases (BDD) study aims to investigate the prevalence and factors associated with BDD among the population in the Beijing area.  Methods  We recruited the volunteers aged 18- < 65 years who were residents of Beijing using convenience sampling.Participants completed a questionnaire about demographic information, and underwent physical, biochemical examinations, orthopedic examinations and imagological examination.Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the influencing factors associated with BDD.  Results  A total of 879 participants with an average age of (39.79±9.12) years were included in the BDD study.A total of 697 subjects had BDD, accounting for 79.29% of the whole participants.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of bone degenerative diseases was higher in older age groups.Compared to the 18- < 35 age group, the OR value (95% CI) for BDD were 2.684(1.845-3.904) for the 35- < 50 age group, and 13.898(4.807-40.176) for the 50- < 65 age group.The OR value (95% CI) of BDD in overweight and obesity participants, compared to normal BMI, were 1.209(0.811-1.801) and 1.768(1.030-3.035), respectively.Married participants had a significantly higher risk of BDD than unmarried/divorced/widowed participants, with an OR value (95% CI): 1.924(1.271-2.912).  Conclusions  The prevalence of BDD among Beijing residents aged 18- < 65 years is much higher.The promotion and physical examination of BDD should be strengthened for married, elderly, overweight and obese people.
Reviews
Research progress of HPV vaccination in adolescent girls and young women
PENG Siying, YAO Xingmei, YIN Jian, CHEN Wen, WU Ting, SU Yingying, ZHANG Jun
2023, 27(7): 833-837. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.015
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Human papillomavirus (HPV) is mainly transmitted through sexual contact, and carcinogenic HPV infection is a main cause of cervical cancer and other anal-genital cancer and diseases, for which HPV vaccination is an effective means of prevention. The four market-available HPV vaccines are prophylactic vaccines and have little effect on viral clearance. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that the primary target population for HPV vaccination is girls aged 9-14 years. Plenty of studies have shown that young women who have not been exposed to HPV benefit more from HPV vaccination. This study reviews the progress of research on the application of HPV vaccine in adolescent girls and young women.
Research progress of omics techniques in biomarkers for pneumoconiosis
CHEN Yiran, ZHU Fenglin, WANG Shuguang, WANG Jia, MU Min, YE Dongqing
2023, 27(7): 838-843. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.016
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Pneumoconiosis, one of the most severe occupational diseases in China, presents an elusive pathogenesis and lacks targeted treatments. As the disease progresses, biomarkers, serving as quantifiable biological indicators, play a crucial role in early detection and disease staging of pneumoconiosis. Recent advances in omics technologies have allowed for screening potential biomarkers for pneumoconiosis related to susceptibility genes, expression regulatory factors, proteins, metabolites, and so on. This article reviews the applications of omics techniques in identifying biomarkers for pneumoconiosis, aiming to provide fresh perspectives for early detection and precise intervention strategies in the management of pneumoconiosis.
Short Reports
Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of imported COVID-19 cases in Guangxi
WANG Jing, CHEN Huafeng, CHEN Chunmao, LI Zhiqiang, JU Yu, GONG Chen, ZHANG Chao, HUANG Hang, DENG Gehong, ZHONG Ge, ZENG Jun
2023, 27(7): 844-849. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.017
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Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze epidemiological and genetic characteristics of imported COVID-19 cases in Guangxi, and to provide scientific evidence for risk assessment and control strategies for imported COVID-19 in Guangxi.  Methods  The data of imported cases reported in Guangxi from March 1, 2020 to March 31, 2022 were collected. Whole genome sequencing was performed on samples that met sequencing criteria. CLC Genomics Workbench software was used for sequence assembly and analysis. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA software based on the neighbor-joining method.  Results  A total of 1 662 imported cases of COVID-19 were reported in Guangxi, of which 1 643 cases were included in the analysis. The average age was 37.4 years old. The male to female ratio of the cases was 6.4∶1. And the cases that had been vaccinated accounted for 68.4%. The imported cases could obviously be attributed to the increased importation of COVID-19 mainly from Vietnam, accounting for 92.5%, and 87.4% of cases came from Pingxiang Friendship Gate. The genotyping of imported cases mainly were the branch of B.1.351 and B.1.1, Delta, Omicron in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively.  Conclusions  Guangxi is at high risk of experiencing an epidemic of imported COVID-19 cases from Southeast Asia. The imported cases of SARS-CoV-2 were mainly variants of concern (VOC) from the same year. The focus on preventing imported cases should be on sustainable strategies for port cities.
Analysis of treatment outcome and influencing factors of Tibetan tuberculosis patients in Qinghai Province
YANG Shize, MA Binzhong, WANG Zhaofen, WEI Yujia, LI Erchen, WANG Zhaocai, JIANG Mingxia
2023, 27(7): 850-853. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.018
Abstract(156) HTML (82) PDF(7)
Abstract:
  Objective  This study aims to analyze the treatment outcomes and contributing factors of Tibetan tuberculosis (TB) patients in Qinghai Province, offering a reference point for future prevention and treatment strategies.  Methods  A retrospective analysis of the treatment outcomes of Tibetan TB patients in Qinghai Province was conducted for the period of 2016 to 2020. The Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to analyze the successful treatment rate over time. The Chi-square test was utilized for an initial screening of potential contributing factors. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to further examine these factors, with multicollinearity tested using the variance inflation factor.  Results  The successful treatment rate of Tibetan tuberculosis patients in Qinghai Province from 2016 to 2020 was 96.841%, exhibiting an upward trend. Multiple logistic regression showed the age group of ≥60 years (OR=2.467, 95% CI: 1.333-4.889, P=0.006), delay in health-care seeking (OR=1.364, 95% CI: 1.096-1.702, P=0.006), type Ⅲ (OR=2.659, 95% CI: 1.190-7.584, P=0.034), type Ⅳ (OR=4.457, 95% CI: 1.921-12.988, P=0.002), type Ⅴ (OR=4.671, 95% CI: 1.976-13.747, P=0.001) and retreatment (OR=1.868, 95% CI: 1.219-2.763, P=0.003) were risk factors for outcomes. Floating population (OR=0.603, 95% CI: 0.453-0.794, P < 0.001), managed by disease control and prevention centers (OR=0.211, 95% CI: 0.081-0.661, P=0.003), hospital management (OR=0.313, 95% CI: 0.125-0.962, P=0.023), entire course management (OR=0.146, 95% CI: 0.100-0.213, P < 0.001), intensive term supervision (OR=0.543, 95% CI: 0.373-0.795, P=0.002) and entire course supervision (OR=0.374, 95% CI: 0.252-0.556, P < 0.001) were protective factors.  Conclusions  The treatment outcomes for Tibetan TB patients in Qinghai Province were encouraging. However, more attention should be given to elderly patients, those who delay seeking healthcare, patients categorized as type Ⅲ, Ⅳ, Ⅴ, and those undergoing retreatment. It is crucial to enhance TB treatment and management capacity in primary healthcare institutions and implement a supervised, full-course treatment management approach to boost the successful treatment rate.
Prevalence and influencing factors of multi-drug resistance among 1 536 tuberculosis patients in Lanzhou City
ZHANG Yuqi, WANG Zhiyong, LI Zongyu, GAO Wenlong, LI Ming, LUO Qiuxia, XIANG Yuanyuan, BAO Kai
2023, 27(7): 854-857. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.019
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Abstract:
  Objective  The goal of this research was to investigate the prevalence of multi-drug resistance and its influencing factors in 1 536 tuberculosis patients.  Methods  A total of 1 536 confirmed tuberculosis patients were recruited in Lanzhou from 2018 to 2020, using the Tuberculosis Management Information System. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the influencing factors of multi-drug resistance.  Results  Among the 1 536 tuberculosis patients, there were 445 (29.0%) cases presented with drug-resistant tuberculosis and 327 (21.3%) cases with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The results of univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in multidrug-resistant status among patients with different genders, ages, nationalities, occupations, household registration types, and registered classifications. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that those working as farmers, herdsmen, workers (OR=2.95, 95% CI: 1.32-6.59, P=0.008) and other occupations (OR=3.12, 95% CI: 1.41-6.88, P=0.005), as well as patients classified as relapse (OR=6.16, 95% CI: 3.66-10.39, P < 0.001), retreatment failure (OR=11.93, 95% CI: 4.61-30.88, P < 0.001) and initial treatment failure (OR=14.10, 95% CI: 7.74-25.69, P < 0.001) were more likely to develop multi-drug resistance. Converserly, patients registered as residing in Lanzhou were less likely to develop multi-drug resistance (OR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.08-0.16, P < 0.001).  Conclusions  The prevalence of MDR in tuberculosis patients in Lanzhou was found to be high. Occupations such as farmers, herdsmen, and workers, along with other occupations, non-Lanzhou household registration, and classifications of relapse, initial treatment failure, and retreatment failure were identified as major risk factors for developing MDR.
Epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal clutering of scrub typhus in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2020
ZENG Zhiwei, ZHU Hansong, HAN Tengwei, LIU Weijun, LIU Jing, XIAO Fangzhen, ZHOU Shuheng, XU Guoying, DAI Yanliang, WANG Jiaxiong
2023, 27(7): 858-863. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.020
Abstract(152) HTML (102) PDF(21)
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  Objective  This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial distribution of scrub typhus in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2020, in order to provide evidence for the development of prevention and control measures.  Methods  The data on scrub typhus were collected through The China Disease Control and Prevention Information System to explore the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics in Fujian Province from 2014 to 2020. We used WPS 2016, SPSS 20.0, ArcGIS 10.0, and SaTScan 9.5 software for data processing and statistical analysis.  Results  From 2014 to 2020, 8 595 cases of scrub typhus were reported in Fujian, with an average annual incidence rate of 3.03/100 000. The cases were concentrated from June to October. The cases were mainly concentrated in the age group of 40- < 70 years old, accounting for 73.10%. Most patients were farmers, accounting for 73.30%. The highest incidence rate of scrub typhus was 11.71/100 000 in Nanping. The incidence was 36.71/100 000 in Pinghe, and 31.28/100 000 in Guangze, which were higher than in other counties. Temporal scanning showed that there were 10 clustering areas with the highest incidence, with the most significant cluster centered on Pinghe, encompassing six counties.  Conclusions  A certain characteristic of spatiotemporal clustering is shown in the scrub typhus incidence in Fujian. It is necessary to strengthen routine monitoring and pathogens detection of scrub typhus in the key populations and areas to reduce the incidence of scrub typhus.
Survey on hepatitis C infection among hospital patients in some counties and districts of Anhui Province
DAI Seying, CHENG Xiaoli, WU Jianjun, QIN Yizu, ZHANG Jin, WU Jiabin, FAN Yinguang
2023, 27(7): 864-868. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2023.07.021
Abstract(145) HTML (102) PDF(14)
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  Objective  To understand the infection status and characteristics of hepatitis C infections among patients in various hospitals across Anhui.  Methods  We employed stratified random sampling to select patients from six counties or districts in Anhui Province. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria during the survey period were continuously sampled and tested for both HCV antibody and HCV RNA.  Results  A total of 7 052 cases were investigated, with a positive rate of 0.68% for HCV antibody and 0.31% for HCV RNA. The positive rate of HCV antibody in general hospitals was significantly higher than that in maternal and child health care hospitals, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.004). There was no statistically significant difference in the positive rates of HCV antibody and HCV RNA between different genders (all P>0.05). The differences in the positive rates of HCV antibody and HCV RNA among different age groups was statistically significant (all P < 0.001), among which the positive rates of HCV antibody and HCV RNA in all age groups of respondents over 20 years old increased with age. The difference in blood-like HCV antibody and HCV RNA positive rates sent for examination from different departments were statistically significant (all P < 0.001).  Conclusions  The infection status of hepatitis C in Anhui provincial hospital patients is moderately prevalent, and the screening of hepatitis C for patients in key departments such as infection departments and endoscopic departments should be strengthened.

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