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CN 34-1304/R ISSN 1674-3679

2020 Vol. 24, No. 3

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New cases are they incident or newly discovered
WANG Tian-lei, HE Yi-ning, LIU Li-li, ZHENG Ying-jie, CAI Qian-ying
2020, 24(3): 249-252. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.001
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New case is a basic concept in epidemiology and often serves as the numerator for the indexes of the frequency of disease in a population. However, the exact definition of new case is still unclear. Based on the natural history of disease combined with the concept of event-state, this article redefines case-related concepts and compares them with traditional concepts. The study found that the so-called new cases in traditional epidemiological studies are actually the cases firstly discovered, including newly discovered cases and identifiable newly incident cases(disease initiation). In the real world, new cases are often difficult to measure, and together with the continuous process of disease development and iceberg phenomenon, those may affect the accuracy of disease frequency measurement and causal inference. A correct understanding of the meaning of case-related concepts, the meanings they reflect, and the differences between them help to rationally interpret the results of epidemiological research.
Decomposition of life expectancy among respiratory disease of death in China from 2010 to 2015
YAN Bao-hu, CAI Yue, LI Qi, JIANG Yu, XUE Ming
2020, 24(3): 253-257. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.002
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  Objective   To analyze the regional and age-specific differences in the effects of mortality from respiratory diseases on life expectancy in China form 2010 to 2015.   Methods   We used national bureau of statistics 2010 to 2015 population census, the "Chinese cause of death monitoring data set" published by China center for disease control and prevention and center for health statistics and information, national health and family planning commission. Abridged life table and arriaga method were used to explain life expectancy increment in different age groups and different regions.   Results   The mortality rate of respiratory diseases in China decreased from 2010 to 2015. The life expectancy after elimination of respiratory disease increased by 2.0 years and 1.6 years in 2010 and 2015, respectively. The contribution of the decreased mortality from respiratory diseases accounted for 15.4 percent of life expectancy in the eastern region, 12.5 percent in the central region and 55.6 percent in the western region. In terms of age, declines in mortality in the 0-5 and over 70 age groups contributed the most to life expectancy.   Conclusions   The decline in life expectancy due to respiratory diseases was 20.0% across the country from 2010 to 2015, showing significant regional differences. Chronic lower respiratory diseases had the greatest impact on life expectancy, but contributed less to the increment of life expectancy. Pneumonia contributed significantly to the increase in life expectancy, and the improvement of pneumonia in people aged 0-10 years promoted the increase of life expectancy.
Analysis on the status and trend of TB burden in China from the global views
CUI Yi-ran, YU Chuan-hua
2020, 24(3): 258-263. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.003
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  Objective   To analyze the status and trends for the prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and DALY of tuberculosis(TB) in China from 1990 to 2017, so as to provide scientific basis for TB prevention and control.   Methods   From 1990 to 2017 in China, the United States, India, Japan, and the global, the TB(standardized) prevalence, (standardized) morbidity, (standardized) mortality, and(standardized) DALY rates were obtained from Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation(IHME) website, and comparative analysis of changes in these indicators with years were carried out.   Results   In 2017, the prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and DALY rate of TB in China were higher in the high-age group than in the low-age group. The prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and DALY rates were all higher for males than females. The prevalence was 29 641.59/100 000 and 28 803.26/100 000 for male and female, respectively. The male and female mortality rates were 72.23/100 000 and 44.85/100 000. The male and female mortality rates were 3.85/100 000 and 1.67/100 000, and the DALY rate of male and female were 156.95/100 000 and 84.73/100 000. From 1990 to 2017, the prevalence of TB decreased from 32 178.39/100 000 in 1990 to 29 231.80/100 000 in 2017, the morbidity rate of TB decreased from 141.83/100 000 in 1990 to 58.83/100 000 in 2017, the mortality rate of TB decreased from 13.82/100 000 in1990 to 2.78/100 000 in 2017, and the DALY rate of TB decreased from 582.87/100 000 in 1990 to 121.60/100 000 in 2017.   Conclusions   The burden of TB in China declined markedly from 1990 to 2017. Although some progress has been made in the prevention and treatment of TB in China, but there is still a certain gap compared with developed countries. It is still necessary to further reduce the morbidity rate and mortality rate of TB.
Analysis on distribution and epidemic characteristics of common pathogens of pneumonia among hospitalized children, Suzhou, 2011-2018
XU Xin-xin, CHEN Li-ling, TIAN Jian-mei, ZHU Jun, LIN Yu-zun, WANG Yin, GAO Jun-mei, SHAO Xue-jun, ZHANG Tao, ZHANG Jun, ZHAO Gen-ming
2020, 24(3): 264-268. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.004
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  Objective   To understand the distribution and epidemic characteristics of common pathogens of pneumonia among hospitalized children in Suzhou.   Methods   Nasopharyngeal secretions were collected from hospitalized children with clinical pneumonia admitted to the respiratory department of Children's Hospital Affiliated to Suzhou University from April 2011 to March 2018 to detect common viral and bacterial pathogens of children's pneumonia.   Results   The total positive rate of pathogens was 75.6% in the 4 765 clinical pneumonia cases. The positive rate of bacterial pathogens was 57.4%. Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP) was the highest, followed by Haemophilus influenzae(H.i); The positive rate of viral pathogens was 44.1%. Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) was the highest, followed by Bocavirus(BoV). The mixed infection rate of bacteria and virus was 25.9%, and the most common types were RSV and SP, BoV and Streptococcus viride(SV).   Conclusions   SP, H.i, RSV and BoV are the main pathogens of clinical pneumonia in children. There are statistical differences in different age groups and seasons of hospitalized children's pneumonia in Suzhou. The mixed infection rate of bacteria and virus is high.
Epidemiological characteristics of injury caused by fall in the elderly aged≥60 years in Guangzhou in 2014-2018
LIN Wei-quan, LIU Hui, LI Yao-hui, HUANG Ting-yuan, YANG Yun-ou, SUN Min-ying, QIN Fa-ju, LIU Lan, SHEN Ji-chuan, LIU Hua-zhang
2020, 24(3): 269-273. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.005
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  Objective   To explore the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of fall of elderly aged ≥ 60 years in Guangzhou from 2014 to 2018, so as to provide evidence for effective prevention and control measures.   Methods   Data on fall of the elderly was collected from the first diagnosis in injury surveillance hospitals in Guangzhou from 2014 to 2018, and distribution description and epidemiological analysis were adopted.   Results   9 503 cases of fall of the elderly were reported in 5 injury surveillance hospitals, accounting for 49.41% of injuries in the elderly, and had occupied the first place in the cause of injury in 5 consecutive years. The sex ratio of men to women was 1:1.67. Most of the patients had a primary or junior school degree, high rate in October-December, mainly occurred at home when doing leisure activities or life activities. The fall mainly led to injuries of head or lower extremities, contributed to contusion/bruise or fracture. And most of them were mild and moderate injury. Logistic regression showed that female, old age, high educational level, December to February, at home, walking, leisure activities and life activities were risk factors for falling among the elderly in Guangzhou(all P < 0.001).   Conclusions   Fall is the primary cause of injuries to the elderly in Guangzhou, especially the elderly female population. The targeted prevention and intervention measures should be developed according to their distribution characteristics.
Difference analysis of myeloid leukemia fusion oncogene expression network based on time series
WANG Hui-hui, SA Jian, CAO Hong-yan, CUI Yue-hua
2020, 24(3): 274-278. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.006
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  Objective   Focusing on four types acute myeloid leukemia(AML)fusion oncogenes, so as to explore the network difference with time series expression data and further identify important genes in networks.   Methods   Gene network difference analysis was conducted while focusing on the global attributes of the union network. The CompNet neighborhood similarity index(CNSI) was adopted to assess network similarity. "fast-greedy" algorithm was used to detect communities based on the union network, and further identify hub genes.   Results   The CNSI value between NUP98-HOXA9-3 d and NUP98-HOXA9-8 d was 0.73, while AML1-ETO-6 h and PML-RARA-6 h was 0.25. We identified ten AML associated genes and seven of them(TNF, VEGFA, EP300, EGF, CD44, PTGS2, SMAD3) were reported in the literature.   Conclusions   The network difference analysis revealed the pattern and heterogeneity of AML gene expression change across different time points, and further provided target genes for efficient treatment of AML with different types of fusion oncogenes.
Analysis of urine volume and dietary salt intake assessed by two 24 hours urine specimens
XU Jian-wei, BAI Ya-min, LIU Min, CHEN Xiao-rong, YAN Liu-xia, WU Jing
2020, 24(3): 279-283. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.007
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  Objective   To analyze urine volume and dietary salt intake assessed by two 24 h urine specimens, to discuss its application value for evaluating population level and individual level dietary salt intake.   Methods   The subjects aged 18-69 years were selected from four counties in Shandong Province and Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2014 by using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. A questionnaire survey was conducted and two 24 h urine with an interval of one day were collected. The differences between two 24 h urine volume, and the dietary salt intake between two 24 h urine were assessed at individual level and population level.   Results   A total of 1 288 subjects was(42.3±14.0)years old, of which 626(48.6%) were males. The average urine volume of the subjects was(1 462±437) ml. The first 24 h urine volume(1 427±488) ml was lower than the second 24 h urine volume(1 498±552) ml(t=-4.439, P < 0.001). The dietary salt intake was(9.8±3.3) g, and the dietary salt intake of males(10.1±3.5) g was higher than that of females(9.5±3.1) g(t=3.09, P=0.002). There was a significant difference in dietary salt intake among different age groups(F=7.57, P < 0.001). The dietary salt intake of 1 136(88.2%) subjects was higher than the recommended level. At the individual level, the participants with the absolute difference with 1 g between the subjects' two 24 h urinary salt excretion was 279(21.7%), and the participants with the absolute difference with > 3 g was 48.5%. At the population level, the first 24 h urinary salt excretions(9.9 ± 4.1) g was similar to that in the second 24 h urine and(9.7±4.0) g(P=0.1021). The intraclass correlation coefficients between salt excretions in the two 24 h urine was 0.508(95% CI:0.451-0.559).   Conclusion   The results of this study suggest that 24 h urinary salt excretion can better assess the salt intake at population level, but cannot accurately reflect the individual's salt intake.
Analysis on the factors that influence the treatment outcome of Tibetan nationality new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Qinghai Province
WEI Wu-jia, MA Bin-zhong, WANG Chao-cai, JIANG Ming-xia, LI Er-chen, CHAO Xiu-zhen
2020, 24(3): 284-289. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.008
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  Objective   To analyze the treatment outcome and related influencing factors of Tibetan nationality new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Qinghai Province, so as to provide evidence for tuberculosis control and treatment among Tibetan population.   Methods   Statistical analysis was conducted on 5 564 Tibetan nationality new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Qinghai province who were reported in the China Tuberculosis Information Management System and approved to receive treatment from 2008 to 2017. The main influencing factors were detected by unconditional Logistic regression model analysis, dependent variable was successful treatment or not, independent variables were other factors related to the treatment outcome.   Results   The treatment success rate of Tibetan nationality new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases was 87.1%(4 848/5 564), and the adverse outcome rate was 12.9%(716/5 564). Unconditional Logistic regression model analysis indicated that non-full-course supervision management, living in agricultural and pastoral area, having severe disease, floating population, and age older than 60 years were risk factors of adverse outcome. The odds ratio(OR) 95% confidence interval(CI) of the above risk factors were 13.044(10.671-15.944), 2.305(1.703-3.119), 2.090(1.346-3.243), 1.967(1.443-2.682), and 1.909(1.410-2.586). Clinical consultation, farmers and herdsmen were protective factors. The OR(95% CI) were 0.451(0.375-0.543), and 0.786(0.627-0.985).   Conclusions   Treatment success rate of Tibetan nationality new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases was low. Therefore, the directly observed treatment short-course(DOTS) strategy should be strictly implemented and the full-course supervision management should be strengthened to improve the treatment success rate. More attention should be paid to the elderly, severe, floating, agricultural and pastoral populations among the Tibetan population.
Analysis on epidemiological and spatio-temporal characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Yunnan Province from 2014 to 2018
YANG Jing, DUAN Xiao-yu, HUANG Tian, HE Ji-bo, JIA Yu-chen, GUO Hui, PENG Xia, ZHENG Er-da
2020, 24(3): 290-296. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.009
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  Objective   To analyze the epidemic situation and characteristics of spatial autocorrelation and spatio-temporal regular of hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD) in Yunnan Province during the period from 2014 to 2018, thus to provide theoretical basis for HFMD prevention and control.   Methods   Descriptive epidemiologic method was used to analyze the epidemic situation of HFMD, spatial autocorrelation was used to analyze the spatial cluster aggregation, and discrete Possion model in spatio-temporal in scan was used to detect HFMD's spatio-temporal clustering condition.   Results   The incidence of HFMD in Yunnan Province had been risen rapidly during the past 5 years. Cases mainly occurred among the group of male, 0-4 years old group and scattered children. The predominant pathogen had changed, Other enterovirus gradually replaced enterovirus 71(EV71) to be the predominant. HFMD cases and pathogen showed significant spatial clustering aggregation, HFMD cases hot spots mainly concentrated in the central and south-central part of Yunnan Province. The amount of EV71 cases hot spots increased gradually, and the hot spot areas augmented and extended to the central and south-central part of Yunnan Province. There was obvious spatial-temporal aggregation of HFMD, annual scan results detected 3 first-level cluster areas and 1 second-level cluster area. Clustering time was mainly concentrated in April to October of each year.   Conclusions   Distribution characteristics of HFMD among people in Yunnan Province did not change significantly during the period from 2014 to 2018, while the proportion of pathogenic spectrum changed significantly. The key areas of HFMD control and prevention were still in the central and central-south part of Yunnan Province, while the aggregation and break of HFMD in these areas from April to October should be concerned.
Genetic characteristics of hemagglutinin gene of H9N2 avian influenza viruses isolated from live poultry markets in Anhui Province from 2013 to 2018
HE Jun, YU Jun-ling, HE Lan, CHEN Qing-qing, HOU Sai, ZHU Meng, SU Bin
2020, 24(3): 297-302. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.010
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  Objective   To analyze genetic characteristics of hemagglutinin(HA) gene of H9 N2 avian influenza viruses(AIVs) circulating in Anhui Province from 2013 to 2018.   Methods   All H9 N2 positive samples tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) were inoculated into specific pathogen free(SPF) chicken eggs for isolation and purification. Viral RNA was reversely transcribed into cDNA and then amplified with gene specific primers. PCR products were sequenced and the gene sequences were analyzed using molecular and bioinformatics software. The DATAMONKEY online server was conducted to analyze selection pressure, and protein structure homology modelling was computed by the SWISS-MODEL server.   Results   33 H9 N2 AIVs isolated from live poultry markets belonged to h9.4.2.5 in the phylogenetic tree. The receptor binding sites of HA gene at 183, 226 and 227 position were mutated into N, L and M, respectively. Meanwhile 189 and 190 sites presented with genetic polymorphism. Since 2015, all H9 N2 viruses in this study carried 6 potential N-linked glycosylation sites. It was found that position 160 of HA gene was subjected greater positive selection pressure, presented 7 spatial conformations at least.   Conclusions   The H9 N2 viruses isolated from live poultry markets in Anhui Province possess the molecular characteristics of infecting mammals and the ability of antigenic drift, so we need to pay more attention to the genetic characteristics of the viruses.
Etiological analysis of surveillance cases of diarrhea syndrome in Gansu Province from 2009 to 2018
ZHU Guan-qi, YUAN Yan, LIU Xin-feng, JIANG Xiao-juan, WANG Qi, ZHANG Lei-jie, LI Juan-sheng, MENG Lei
2020, 24(3): 303-307. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.011
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  Objective   To understand pathogenic distribution and epidemiological characteristics of diarrhea syndrome in Gansu Province.   Methods   Fecal specimens from diarrhea syndrome surveillance cases at sentinel hospitals in Gansu Province from 2009 to 2018 were collected, and virus nucleic acids were detected by real-time fluorescent chain reaction, and bacteria were detected by isolation culture.   Results   1 547 positive cases were detected from 4 406 stool specimens with the positive rate of 35.11%. Among the positive samples, 1 281 cases were positive for virus with the positive rate of 47.20%; 287 cases were positive for bacteria with the positive rate of 8.57%. Top five of pathogenic spectrum were rotavirus(46.04%), astrovirus(13.37%), norovirus(13.15%), Shigella(9.90%) and adenovirus(7.81%). In different age groups, statistically significant differences were found in the positive rates of rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, Shigella and non-typhoid Salmonella(all P < 0.05). The positive rate of virus was higher from November to March of next year, and the positive rate of bacteria was higher from June to August. The epidemic seasons of pathogens were different, of which rotavirus was dominating in four seasons.   Conclusions   The pathogenic spectrum of diarrhea is wide relatively in Gansu Province, and viral diarrhea is more common, with obvious seasonal peak. Continuous monitoring should be strengthened to grasp characteristics and epidemic trends of pathogens, and it is helpful to take targeted and seasonal preventive measures in population at high risk.
Analysis of the positive conversion rate of negative spouse and survival analysis on HIV sero-discordant couples
FU Yuan-sheng, ZHANG Qi, LIU Xue-wen, DING Zhi-qiang, WANG Xiu, DAI Se-ying, FAN Yin-guang
2020, 24(3): 308-313. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.012
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  Objective   To analyze the positive conversion rate of negative spouse and the survival analysis on HIV sero-discordant couples.   Methods   Data were collected from the case report database of the integrated AIDS prevention and control data and information system. HIV sero-discordant couples diagnosed between September 1, 1997 and September 1, 2018 were recruited into the cohort. The participants were divided into three groups as untreated subgroup, routine treatment subgroup and early treatment subgroup according to the situation when they started HIV treatment. The positive conversion rate of negative spouse and the survival were compared among the three subgroups.   Results   598 HIV sero-discordant couples were recruited and the overall survival time of the three subgroups were 258.92, 4 987.17 and 862.25 person-year. The rate of positive conversion were 6.18/100, 0.48/100 and 0.23/100 person-year. Multivariate Cox regression model showed that the hazard ratio of routine treatment subgroup(HR=0.052, 95% CI:0.037-0.074) and early treatment subgroup(HR=0.011, 95% CI:0.003-0.035)were lower than untreated subgroup. The risk of death of women was lower than that of men(HR=0.667, 95% CI:0.472-0.944); the older the age, the higher the risk of death(HR=1.041, 95% CI:1.026-1.056); and the risk of death of the unemployed is higher than that of farmers(HR=1.571, 95% CI:1.037-2.381).   Conclusion   Targeted interventions methods and early antiviral therapy should be taken urgently for sero-discordant couples.
Effect of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain on birth weight of infants: a prospective cohort study
WANG Ya-wen, FENG Ya-hui, WU San-san, CAI Shu-ya, MA Liang-kun, JIANG Yu
2020, 24(3): 314-318. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.013
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  Objective   To analyze the relationship between pre-pregnancy body mass index(BMI), gestational weight gain(GWG) and the birth weight of infants, and explore the effect of weight change before and during pregnancy on low birth weight(LBW) and macrosomia.   Methods   Women were enrolled by the Chinese Pregnant Women Cohort Study during first trimester. Each respondent's weight before and during pregnancy and the birth weight of infant were collected after fellow up. Pre-pregnancy BMI was divided into underweight, normal and overweight/obesity groups and GWG was divided into suitable, insufficient and excessive groups. Multivariate Logistic regression was adopted to explore the relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI, GWG and newborn's birth weight.   Results   Women's pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG were associated with neonatal birth weight(all P < 0.05). Pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity(OR=2.339, 95% CI:1.674-2.282, P < 0.001) and excessive GWG(OR=1.398, 95% CI:1.188-1.978, P=0.048) were shown as risk factors for macrosomia. Insufficient GWG increased LBW risk(OR=1.479, 95% CI:1.461-1.679, P=0.035) while excessive GWG declined LBW risk(OR=0.428, 95% CI:0.225-0.817, P=0.010). Under weight-insufficient GWG was risk factor of LBW(OR=1.335, 95% CI:1.048-2.319, P=0.048) while normal BMI-excessive GWG(OR=1.088, 95% CI:1.016-1.675, P=0.038) and overweight/obesity-excessive GWG(OR=1.498, 95% CI:1.244-2.017, P=0.046) were associated with higher risk of delivering macrosomia.   Conclusions   Pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG were associated with infant's birth weight and women were suggested to maintain their weight in recommended range before and during pregnancy.
Association of physical activity and cesarean section in the second trimester of pregnancy:a cohort study
FENG Ya-hui, SHI Ying-jie, WANG Ya-wen, WU San-san, CAI Shu-ya, ZHAN Yong-le, CHEN Yun-li, MA Liang-kun, JIANG Yu
2020, 24(3): 319-323. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.014
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  Objective   To explore the associations between cesarean section with different types and intensity of physical activity in the second trimester pregnant women.   Methods   Six hundred and seventy-two participants from the Chinese pregnant women cohort study(CPWCS) were analyzed. The pregnancy physical activity questionnaire(PPAQ) was used to collect the status of physical activities in pregnant women. The participants were followed up and the data of delivery way was collected. Logistic regression model was conducted to analyze the associations.   Results   A total of 273 pregnant women(40.63%) were delivered by cesarean section. After adjusting age, pre-pregnancy BMI and history of childbirth, results of Logistic regression model showed that pregnant women with higher levels of exercise had a lower risk of cesarean section than those who did not participate in exercise(OR=0.564, 95% CI: 0.338-0.941). In terms of physical activity intensity, pregnant women who participated in the higher level of moderate to vigorous physical activity had a lower risk of cesarean section than those who participated in the lower level(OR=0.642, 95% CI:0.437-0.972).   Conclusions   Exercise and moderate to vigorous physical activity are protective factors for cesarean section. Health education should be further strengthened to encourage pregnant women to carry out appropriate physical activity during pregnancy.
Influence of reproduction history on depression during pregnancy:a prospective cohort study
ZHAN Yong-le, SHI Ying-jie, CHEN Yun-li, FENG Ya-hui, WU San-san, WANG Ya-wen, CAI Shu-ya, MA Liang-kun, JIANG Yu
2020, 24(3): 324-329. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.015
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  Objective   To explore the influence of reproduction history on depression during pregnancy.   Methods   Data on 3 792 pregnant women from the Chinese pregnant women cohort study with complete information on reproduction history and depression were used in the present study. The Edinburgh postnatal depression scale was used to assess depression status among pregnant women. A chi-square test was used for univariate analysis, and a Log-binomial regression was used for multivariate analysis. The adjusted relative risks(RRs) with 95% confidence intervals(95% CIs) were calculated, and were presented in a forest plot.   Results   The results of Log-binomial regression showed that a history of delivery could increase the risk of depression during the second trimester(RR:1.04, 95% CI:1.01-1.08, P=0.042) and the third trimester(RR:1.05, 95% CI:1.01-1.10, P=0.020). There was a 6% increase of risk on depression in women with a history of cesarean delivery compared with women without that during the third trimester(RR:1.06, 95% CI:1.01-1.11, P=0.041).   Conclusions   There is a significant influence of reproduction history on gestational depression. Maternal and child health personnel should focus on these pregnant women, and conduct targeted health education and mental nursing. In addition, medical personnel should also pay attention to the emotional changes of these women and provide them with several adjustment strategies.
Correlation between prenatal depression and postpartum depression
CHEN Lu, HU Jin-ping, TUO Ming-hua, ZHANG Yan-ting, NIU Jian-mei, SHANG Yu-xiu
2020, 24(3): 330-334. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.016
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  Objective   To explore the relationship between prenatal depression and postpartum depression.   Methods   Self rating depression scale(SDS) and Edinburgh postnatal depression scale(EPDS) was used to investigated the prenatal and postpartum depression status in 200 pregnant women from the Yinchuan maternal and child health hospital and the Zhongwei traditional chinese medicine hospital.   Results   The prevalence rate of prenatal depression in 200 women was 20.0%, the prevalence rate of 3 days postpartum depression was 26.0%, and the prevalence rate of 42 days postpartum depression was 15.5%. The prevalence rate of 3 days postpartum depression with prenatal depression in female were higher than that in female without prenatal depression(χ2=9.381, P=0.002). So were female that 42 days postpartum depression with prenatal depression(χ2 =11.923, P=0.001). The difference was statistically significant. Pearson correlation analysis showed that SDS score was positively correlated with EPDS score at 3 days postpartum and 42 days postpartum(all P < 0.05). Generalized estimating equation analysis also showed that prenatal depression was positively correlated with depression at 3 days postpartum and 42 days postpartum(all P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that prenatal depression was a risk factor for depression at 3 days postpartum(OR=2.678, 95% CI:1.241-5.781, P=0.012) and 42 days postpartum depression(OR =3.180, 95% CI:1.303-7.763, P=0.011).   Conclusion   Prenatal depression is positively associated with postpartum depression, and prenatal depression increases the risk of postpartum depression.
The distribution of sleep duration in mid-pregnancy and its association with prehypertension
WANG Xiao-tong, TANG Nu, WU Wei-jia, PAN Wen-ting, LU: Ya-jie, CHEN Dan-yu, DAI Xiao-wei, CHEN Ya-jun, JING Jin, CAI Li
2020, 24(3): 335-340. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.017
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  Objective   To study the distribution of sleep duration in mid-pregnancy women and examine its association with prehypertension(PHT).   Methods   In the baseline survey of a prospective cohort study, 943 women in mid-pregnancy were recruited in Guangzhou, China in 2017-2018. A standardized questionnaire was used to assess demographic characteristics, sleep duration and other lifestyles. We obtained maternal blood pressure values, weights, heights, and medical histories from medical records. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to examine the association between sleep duration and PHT.   Results   The average daily sleep duration of women in mid-pregnancy was(10.41 ± 1.67)hours, and it was negatively related to age and educational level. Overall, 98.33% of pregnant women had a daily sleep duration ≥ 7 h and the distribution was related to passive smoking. The average night time sleep duration was(9.48±1.21)hours, and it was negatively related to age and educational level. The daytime sleep duration was(0.93 ± 0.69)hours, and it was positively associated with physical activity. The average bedtime was(22:42 ± 1.24), and it was positively associated with passive smoking. The prevalence of PHT was 9.61%. We did not observe any significant association between sleep duration and PHT.   Conclusions   The mid-pregnancy women in Guangzhou had relatively long sleep duration, and it differed by maternal age, educational level, physical activity, and passive smoking. There was no significant association between sleep duration and PHT.
Expression and cellular function of long non-coding RNA SFTA1P in non-small cell lung cancer
ZHOU Mei-yu, YUAN Shuai, XIANG Ying, WU Long, WU Na, LI Cheng-ying, XU Bin, ZHANG Yao, CAI Tong-jian, MA Xiang-yu, YU Zu-bin, BAI Li, YANG Jing-yuan, LI Ya-fei
2020, 24(3): 341-347. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.018
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Abstract:
  Objective   To investigate the expression of long non-coding RNA SFTA1 P in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and its biological function in NSCLC cell lines.   Methods   Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of SFTA1 P in 18 pairs of NSCLC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The expression of SFTA1 P was detected by qRT-PCR in five different NSCLC cell lines(A549, SPCA1, H460, H1975 and H1299) and one normal lung epithelial cell line(HBE). The overexpression vector of SFTA1 P was designed and constructed. The overexpressed cell line was constructed by transfection, the effects of overexpression of SFTA1 P on proliferation, invasion and migration of NSCLC cells were detected by CCK-8 assay and transwell assay.   Results   The expression of SFTA1 P in NSCLC tissues was lower than that of adjacent normal tissues(t=2.158, P=0.043). SFTA1 P expression was detected in 5 strains of NSCLC cell lines and normal lung epithelial cell line. The expression of SFTA1 P was the lowest in A549 and H460 cell lines(t=5.769, P=0.004;t=5.772, P=0.004), and the highest in H1299 and H1975 cell lines(t=22.248, P < 0.001;t=11.814, P < 0.001). SFTA1 P overexpression cell models were successfully constructed using A549 and H460 cell lines(allP < 0.05). The overexpression of SFTA1 P could inhibit proliferation, invasion and migration of H460 and A549 cells((allP < 0.05).   Conclusions   SFTA1 P can affect the biological functions of NSCLC cells by inhibiting the proliferation, migration and invasion. SFTA1 P may play a role as a tumor suppressor gene in tumorigenesis and development.
The prognosis of hepatitis E superinfection in hospitalized chronic hepatitis B patients in China:A systematic review and Meta-analysis
SU Ying-ying, HUANG Yue, QIU Ling-xian, WU Ting, ZHANG Jun, ZHANG Guo-min
2020, 24(3): 348-353. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.019
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Abstract:
  Objective   To evaluate the prevalence and prognosis of hepatitis E virus(HEV) superinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB).   Methods   Electronic databases of Pubmed, CNKI, and Wanfang were searched, and references of the relevant articles for literatures associated with HEV superinfection in CHB patients in China published during 2008-2019 were screened. Studies which met the inclusion and exclusion criterias were selected and related data were pooled for analysis. The R 3.5.2 and Revman 5.3 were used to measure heterogeneity with the I2 statistic and pooled incidence and odds ratio(OR).   Results   28 literatures were eligible for inclusion. The results showed the rate of HEV superinfection in hospitalized CHB(CHB-HEV) patients was 13.6%(95%CI: 12.5%-14.9%). The pooled incidence of liver failure in CHB-HEV patients was 34.7%(95%CI:29.6%-40.1%), which was higher than CHB patients(OR=10.9, 95%CI: 6.8-17.4), CHB patients superinfected with hepatitis A virus(CHB-HAV)(OR=3.8, 95%CI: 2.4-6.2), and hepatitis E patients(OR=5.1, 95%CI: 3.8-6.8). The pooled mortality of CHB-HEV patients was 13.8%(95%CI:10.3-17.8), which was higher than CHB patients(OR=8.5, 95%CI: 4.0-18.3), CHB-HAV patients(OR=14.4, 95%CI: 4.8-42.9), and hepatitis E patients(OR=4.4, 95%CI: 3.0-6.4).   Conclusion   In China, HEV sueperinfection on chronic hepatitis B patients are common, and is an important cause of liver failure and death.
Association between circulating vaspin levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus:A systematic review and Meta-analysis
LONG Si-si, MA Shu-juan, ZHANG Jia-yue, GUO Chu-hao, TAN Hong-zhuan
2020, 24(3): 354-358. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.020
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Abstract:
  Objective   To review the existing literature and quantitatively evaluate the association of circulating vaspin levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).   Methods   We systematically searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanfangData databases up to June 2019. Pooled standardized mean differences(SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals(CIs) were calculated using random-or fixed-effects models based on the heterogeneity of studies. Subgroup analyses, Meta-regression, sensitivity and publication bias were assessed to analyze the heterogeneity and the robustness of the results. All statistical analyses were performed using STATA 12.0.   Results   Nine articles(11 comparisons) published from 2013 to 2019 were included in our final Meta-analysis, covering a total of 738 patients with GDM and 661 normal pregnant women. There was significant difference in the overall maternal circulating vaspin levels between GDM patients and healthy pregnant women(SMD=0.613, 95% CI: 0.044-1.182, P=0.035). Subgroup analyses stratified by trimester in which vaspin was measured and whether BMI was matched suggested the similar trend to the overall result. Subgroup analysis according to ethnicity found that circulating vaspin level might not be related to GDM in "European" subgroup; sensitivity analysis by excluding moderate-quality studies and BMI-unmatched studies found that circulating vaspin levels were still related to GDM risk.   Conclusions   Our Meta-analysis indicated that maternal circulating vaspin levels might be positively correlated with the risk of GDM in Asians.
Review on the association of CAG short tandem repeats of androgen receptor gene with tumorigenesis and prognosis
XIE Jia-xin, SHEN Shu-ning
2020, 24(3): 359-364. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.021
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Abstract:
Abnormal expression of androgen receptor(AR) and AR-mediated signaling pathways are closely related to the occurrence, outcome, and prognosis of various human disease, and to some extent, AR lead to gender differences in these diseases. However, the specific mechanism is still unclear. CAG short tandem repeat(STR) sequence in exon 1 of AR gene negatively correlates with the transcriptional regulation activity, affects the synthesis and biological function of the target proteins, and plays an important role in the development and prognosis of various tumors, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, liver cancer, and endometrial cancer. In this review, we summarized the current studies on the association between AR gene CAG STR and the common tumors, in order to provide clues for further exploring the mechanism of AR-related tumors with high incidence and gender differences, and screening populations with high risk for the corresponding tumors.
Analysis on clinical laboratory indicators of different prognostic patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
ZHANG Hong-yan, CHEN Gui-liu, LI Wen-ting, LENG Rui-xue, QIN Wei-zi
2020, 24(3): 365-368. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.022
Abstract(333) HTML (168) PDF(23)
Abstract:
  Objective   To analyze the clinical laboratory indicators of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS) patients caused by novel Bunyavirus infection, and focus on comparing the indicators of severe patients with different prognosis. The findings may help to predict poor prognosis for severe patients in the early stage.   Methods   The clinical laboratory indicators of all diagnosed confirmedly patients in two Hospitals, from January 2011 to December 2018, and the differences between groups were analyzed.   Results   A total of 168 clinically diagnosed SFTS cases(117 cases of non-severe cases and 51 cases of severe cases) were included in this study. In the severe cases, the prognosis was improved in 30 cases and the prognosis was poor in 21 cases. The laboratory indicators of severe patients with different prognosis were compared. The data showed that the levels of several indicators in patients with poor prognosis were statistically different with these in patients with better prognosis. In addition, the proportion of coma, diffuse intravascular coagulation and heart failure in patients with poor prognosis was significantly higher than that in patients with improved prognosis(all P < 0.05).   Conclusion   Differentiated prevention and treatment strategies should be developed for severe patients with possible poor prognosis.
William Petty, founder of political arithmetic
LI Qing-ru, YE Dong-qing
2020, 24(3): 369-372. doi: 10.16462/j.cnki.zhjbkz.2020.03.023
Abstract(1116) HTML (640) PDF(58)
Abstract:
William Petty(1623-1687) was a great 17 th-century economist, statistician and one of the founders of the Royal Society. He put forward the concept of "political arithmetic" and used the method of "number, weight and measurement" to calculate and analyze the population and economic data of a country. His statistical methods laid the foundation for the development of statistics.

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